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. Grab a Robert Smalls Reconstruction Hero Article and Read Prepare for notes

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Think Pair Share Activity 2 Minutes Define the term Race 2 Minutes Meet with Elbow Partner, Discuss, Come up with a working Definition 2 Minutes Write definition on the Board

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Race A social construct A definition created or formed by society Definition: race (n) a human population considered distinct based on physical characteristics. No Scientific Basis

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Definitions The belief or attitude or both that certain human groups are--by virtue of heredity-- physically, intellectually, and otherwise inherently and collectively superior to other groups and that this innate superiority is a determining factor in social affairs. Dictionary of Concepts in History with racism - human groups determined by skin color and physical characteristics

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The 13 th 14 th and 15 th Amendments

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Goals Racial Equality African American Enfranchisement Build Political Power Base

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Radical Reconstruction Radical in terms of rebuilding society in our nation End Southern society and its divergent view on the nation Rebuild countrys society

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What Was Southern Society Like Before Reconstruction?

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The Reconstruction Amendments 13 th Ends Slavery 14 th Citizenship to all peoples of color, race and nationality, except Native Americans 15 th Cannot Deny Vote Based on Color

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Advances in Politics Power to vote allowed for election of African Americans Made most impact at local level What do local governments do?

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Reconstructing State Governments help write new state constitutions establish public school system pass civil rights laws, eradicate slavery abolish imprisonment for debt, divorce laws legislation to rebuild infrastructure and attract commerce

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At the National Level 16 Representatives 2 Senators

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African Americans in the Government 1,500 public offices held

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Robert Smalls Filmstrip Activity Create a 6 panel cartoon strip of highlights of Robert Smallss life

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Warm Up Take out a Textbook Open to the 13 th Amendment Read Amendments 13, 14, 15 Also, prepare for notes

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The 13 th 14 th and 15 th Amendments

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The Reconstruction Amendments 13 th Ends Slavery 14 th Citizenship to all peoples of color, race and nationality, except Native Americans 15 th Cannot Deny Vote Based on Color

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Reconstruction of Society Previously only the white minority held power to vote African Americans gain ability to vote, become the powerful in South

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Effect of Reconstruction Amendments The definition of who are citizens in this country broadens Now includes African American men

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The 13 th Amendment Emancipation Ends All Slavery/Involuntary Servitude in The United States except as punishment for a crime

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The 14 th Amendment 5 Sections Section 1 Rights of Citizens, including nationalization, and guarantee of life and liberty and property Section 2 Representation in Congress, repeals 3/5 Section 3 Punishment for Confederates Section 4 Assumption of Federal Public Debt Section 5 Congress has power to enforce however needed

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The 14 th Amendment Finally commits the United States to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence Life, Liberty and Property Sets goal towards all men are created equal

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15 th Amendment Cannot deny vote based upon race Believed power of vote would allow African Americans to protect themselves

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The Freedmans Bureau

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Former name was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedman and Abandoned Lands Designed to help rebuild post war South Run by the War Department

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The Freedmans Bureau The Bureau supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing rations, clothing and medicine. The Bureau also assumed custody of confiscated lands or property in the former Confederate States, border states, District of Columbia, and Indian Territory.

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40 Acres and Mule The initial goal of the Freedmans Bureau was aid the Freedman by redistributing Confederate land to former slaves Why would the Bureau distribute land?

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The Freedmans Bureau In the end (ultimately) was a failure Its efforts were hurt by corruption, greed, and lenient terms of land confiscation and redistrubution Very few Freedman received their 40 acres and a mule How would this hurt African Americans in the South?

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Freedmans Bureau Worksheet

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Warm Up Take the Packet from the Front Take the Voting Rights Test

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Disenfranchisement Elite Southerners begin to take away African American Political Power and regain their own power Take away voting rights Make economic security impossible Campaign of Violence

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The Retreat Southern Whites and Former Confederates angered at loss of power Had to figure out how to get power back Manufactured myths about African American Politicians

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Elite southerners obstruct Reconstruction - maintain economic control sharecropping, convict lease, and lien system land never redistributed emphasized white superiority support from poor white southerners deny black political power terror and violence

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Myths of Redemption black politicians dominated state governments justify overthrow - manufactured twin myths - corruption and ignorance necessary to cheat and kill to restore honest government myths perpetuated by successive generations of historians era of corruption

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Real fears honesty not corruption, brilliance not ignorance good black government not bad black government Southerners conclude monstrous crime of Reconstruction was equality, violation of American caste system

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Losing the Vote Reflect on the Literacy Test Poll Tax Grandfather Clause

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Economic Disenfranchisement Planters wanted to recreate a legal system like slavery Create Sharecropping African Americans rent fields for a share of their crops Primary Source: A Sharecropping Contract

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Disenfranchisement: Violence Northerners retreat from protection and occupation Southerners use violence to stop voting and prosperity

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Violence Primary Source: KKK Victims