© Goulston & Storrs 2013. All rights reserved. Export Control Reform December 10, 2013 Ian H. Moss.

© Goulston & Storrs 2013. All rights reserved.

Export Control Reform

December 10, 2013

Ian H. Moss


Export Control Reform

If we guard our toothbrushes and diamonds with equal zeal, we will lose fewer toothbrushes and more diamonds.

• McGeorge Bundy, National Security Advisor to John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, 1961-1966.

America’s decades-old, bureaucratically labyrinthine system does not serve our 21st-century security needs or our economic interests. Our security interests would be far better served by a more agile, transparent, predictable, and efficient regime. •Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates, April 20, 2010

[T]he current export control system is overly complicated, contains too many redundancies, and, in trying to protect too much, diminishes our ability to focus our efforts on the most critical national security priorities.

• Whitehouse Press Release, August 10, 2010.

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Realigned Control Lists – Revised USML

• Revision of USML categories. From overly broad subjective controls to positive objective controls.

– October 15, 2013:• USML Category VIII (Aircraft)• USML Category XIX (New) (Gas turbine engines)

– January 6, 2014:• USML Category VI (Vessels)• USML Category VII (Vehicles)• USML Category XIII (Auxiliary Military Equipment)• USML Category XX (Submersibles)

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Realigned Control Lists – CCL 600 Series

• Creation of 600 Series ECCN. For items transitioning from ITAR to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) Commerce Control List (CCL).

– October 15, 2013:• 9A610 (Military aircraft and related commodities)• 9A619 (Military gas turbine engines and related commodities)

– January 6, 2014:• 8A609 (Military vessels and related commodities)• 0A606 (Military vehicles and related commodities)• 0A617 (Miscellaneous equipment, materials, and related

commodities)• 8A620 (Military submersibles and related technology)

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Specially Designed – Catch

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Paragraph (a)

Except for items described in (b), an item is specially designed if:

(1) As a result of development, the item has properties peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics, or functions described in the relevant:

ITAR definition: USML paragraphEAR definition: ECCN paragraph or USML paragraph

(2) Is a part, component, accessory, attachment, or software for use in or with a:

ITAR definition: a defense articleEAR definition: a commodity or defense article enumerated or described on the CCL or the USML


Specially Designed - Release

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Paragraph (b)

A part, component, accessory, attachment or software that would be controlled by (a) is not specially designed if:

(1) ITAR definition: a CJ establishes item is subject to EAREAR definition: a CJ or interagency-cleared CCATS (EAR 748.3(e)) says the item is controlled in an ECCN that does not use specially designed as a control parameter or EAR99 (EAR)

(2) Both: the item is a fastener (e.g. screw, bolt, nut, nut plate, stud, insert, clip, rivet, pin), washer, spacer, insulator, grommet, bushing, spring, wire, or solder

(3) the item has the same function, performance capabilities, and same or equivalent form and fit as a commodity or software used in or with an item that is or was in production that:

ITAR definition: is not enumerated on the USMLEAR definition: is either not enumerated on the USML or CCL, or is described in an ECCN controlled for AT only


Specially Designed – Release

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Paragraph (b) A part, component, accessory, attachment or software that would be controlled by (a) is not specially designed if:

(4) It was or is being developed with knowledge that it would be for use in or with:

ITAR definition: both defense articles enumerated on the USML and also commodities not on the USMLEAR Definition: commodities or software (i) described in an ECCN and (ii) also commodities or software either not enumerated on CCL or USML or commodities or software described in an ECCN controlled for AT reasons only

(5) Both: the item was or is being developed as a general purpose item, i.e. with no knowledge of use in or with a particular item or type of commodity

(6) EAR only: the item was or is being developed with knowledge that it would be used in or with commodities or software (i) described in an ECCN controlled for AT reasons only and EAR99 commodities or software, or (ii) exclusively for use in or with EAR99 item

Need contemporaneous documents to support design intent in (b)(4)-(6)


600 Series

• Items enumerated in a 600 series ECCN or items caught and not released from 600 series catch all paragraph (i.e. using the term specially designed):

– Still controlled for at least NS1, RS1, AT, and UN reasons; – License required to export or reexport to all countries

unless:

• EAR license exception applies; or• Enumerated in .y subparagraph (AT only)

– ITAR 126.1 country embargoes remain (including China) and countries listed in Country Group D:5

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De Minimus

• Under ITAR – “see through rule” resulted in ITAR taint– Causing foreign markets to design out U.S. ITAR controlled items

• Under EAR - de minimis rules apply− A foreign made item located outside the U.S that incorporates

controlled U.S. origin content that does not exceed the applicable de minimis percentage is not subject to the EAR.

• 25% for most countries except D:5• 0% for country group D:5 (Afghanistan; Belarus; Burma; China;

Congo; Cote D’Ivoire; Cuba, Cyprus; Eritrea; Fiji; Haiti; Iran; Iraq; N. Korea; Lebanon; Liberia; Libya; Somalia; Sri Lanka, Sudan; Syria; Venezuela; Vietnam; Zimbabwe)

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License Exceptions

• Strategic Trade Authorization (STA)

– STA-36 countries listed in Country Group A:5

– Items of lesser national security concern to 8 additional countries listed in Country Group A:6

– Instead of licensing, STA requires the exporter to undertake certain administrative requirements

• Notification• Consignee Statements

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License Exceptions

• Strategic Trade Authorization (STA) (cont)

– Can be used for most 600-series to Country Group A:5 subject to:

• Not available if relevant ECCN excludes STA;

• Must be ultimate end use by or for the development or production of items for government agency of an A:5 country; agrees to end use checks by U.S. Government; and

• Purchaser, intermediate consignee, ultimate consignee, and end user must all have been previously approved on a license issued by BIS or DDTC

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License Exceptions

• Other available license exceptions listed in §740.2(a)(13):

– LVS (§740.3)– TMP (§740.9)– RPL (§740.10)– GOV (§740.11)– TSU (§740.13)

• Certain restrictions apply

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Next Steps

• Review your product matrix and determine which items may have transitioned

• Revise your jurisdiction and classification procedures to follow the order of review:1. Is it enumerated in a USML?2. Is it described in a USML catch-all paragraph using “specially

designed?”3. For USML categories that are not yet revised, is it caught in a

paragraph that uses specifically designed or modified?4. Is it enumerated in a 600 series ECCN in the CCL?5. Is it described in a 600 series ECCN catch-all paragraph using

“specially designed?”6. Is it described elsewhere in the CCL?7. Export as EAR99. Consider General Prohibitions 4-6.

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Next Steps

• Understand the license requirements for your product and related technical data / technology

• Consider whether any of the license exemptions / exceptions apply

• Consider overseas business opportunities that may now open up

• For dual use products in development ensure you are creating contemporaneous documents to support future jurisdiction and classification issues (i.e. CJ, release under (b)(3) of specially designed, etc)

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Contact Details

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Ian H. MossGoulston & Storrs PC

T 617.574.3515 [email protected]

© Goulston & Storrs 2013. All rights reserved. Export Control Reform December 10, 2013 Ian H. Moss.

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