Enzymes – are protein substances that are necessary for most of the chemical reactions that occur...
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![Page 1: Enzymes – are protein substances that are necessary for most of the chemical reactions that occur in living cells Enzymes affect the rate or speed.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062906/5a4d1b417f8b9ab0599a105a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Enzymes – are protein substances that are necessary for most of the chemical reactions that occur in living cells
Enzymes affect the rate or speed of a reaction.
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Usually end in –ase Derived from the name of the substrate
Ex. Maltase splits maltose into 2 glucose molecules
Enzymes that break down:proteins = proteaseslipids = lipases
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Catalyst – a substance that brings about a reaction without being changed itself
Is an enzyme a catalyst?
YES
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Substrate – the substance that an enzyme acts upon
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Active site – the region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate molecules attach
The active site is located on the enzyme
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Enzyme-substrate complex – when the substrate molecule comes in contact with the active site of an enzyme
The enzyme-substrate complex is temporary.
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The Lock and Key Model – is a theory that explains how the enzyme and substrate fit together
Each substrate can only fit into specific enzymes
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Induced-Fit Model – the theory in which the enzyme slightly changes shape to allow the substrate to fit the active site of the enzyme
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1. Small amounts of an enzyme can cause the reaction of large quantities of substrate.
2. Enzymes work best at certain temperatures.
3. Enzymes work best at a certain pH.4. The rate of reaction depends on the
concentrations of the enzyme and the substrate.
5. Sometimes enzymes need a coenzyme to function.
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Denaturation – is when high temperatures cause the shape of the enzyme to change, so the active site no longer fits the substrate
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Coenzyme – allows an enzyme to perform its function
Example of a coenzyme: a vitamin