emotional facial expressions ◦ evolutionary explanation.
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Transcript of emotional facial expressions ◦ evolutionary explanation.
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emotional facial expressions◦ evolutionary explanation
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emotional facial expressions◦ evolutionary explanation
role of right hemisphere
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emotional facial expressions◦ evolutionary explanation
role of right hemisphere◦ recognition of emotion
brain damage – functional imaging studies
◦ display of emotions brain damage functional imaging studies
◦ chimera
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Chimeras of chimps in various moods
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left side of face even shows emotion sooner than right side
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
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emotional facial expressions◦ evolutionary explanation
role of right hemisphere◦ recognition of emotion ◦ display of emotions◦ chimera
brain damaged humans
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limbic system- ◦ components of limbic system- includes
hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulbs, septum
sits within the temporal lobe◦ temporal lobe epilepsy
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What is it?◦ stress is the nonspecific response of the body to
any demand placed on it
What are some of the variables that contribute to how we respond to stress?
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1. Sympathetic Nervous system
◦ activates adrenal glands to release E, NE, and other catecholamines into blood
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perhaps………
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Physiological measures of arousal
lie detector tests
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Are there problems with these tests?
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2. HPA Axis - (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis
causes the release of “stress” hormones(corticosteroids)
cortisol - in humanscorticosterone - in rats
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negative feedback loop
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(hypothalamus)
Overactivation of either system can have negativeconsequences
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real illnesses that are exacerbated by stress-◦ these can be potentially life threatening
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ulcers
heart disease
asthma
various skin conditions -
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Behavioral medicine
Psychoneuroimmunology
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Sapolsky◦ vervet monkeys - 1989
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Eight vervet monkeys, housed in a primate center in Kenya, diedspontaneously from 1964 to 1966, were found at necropsy to have multiple gastric ulcers; a retrospective, neuropathological study was then done of this opportunistic population.
Compared with controls euthanized for other research purposes, ulcerated monkeys had marked hippocampal degeneration that was apparent both quantitatively and qualitatively, and both ultrastructurally and on the light-microscopic level. Minimal damage occurred outside the hippocampus.
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Sapolsky
◦ vervet monkeys - 1989 gastric ulcers, overactive adrenal gland,
degeneration and depletion of hippocampal neurons
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Cushings Syndrome -◦ increased glucocorticoid release (can be reversed
with treatment) PTSD -
Depressed patients
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Increased cortisol or corticosterone◦ increase Ca+2 influx
increased risk of overexcitation
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Rat studies -
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Yes- clinical data and animal studies
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Chronic stress situations◦ examples:
Is this associated with increased susceptibility to disease?
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Chronic stress affectsimmune response in terms of illness incidenceand recovery
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Segerstrom
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Segerstrom◦ law students during their first semester◦ optimism associated with
increased n of helper T cells increased natural killer cell activity