Ease the managing task Guide for problem solving & decision making Advance in carrier. Realise…
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Transcript of Ease the managing task Guide for problem solving & decision making Advance in carrier. Realise…
Ease the managing taskGuide for problem solving & decision
makingAdvance in carrier. Realise
opportunities and meet personal and company goals.
In Business: used in all functional areas.
CBIS important for type of job.
Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks
Database An organized collection of facts and
information A collection of information organized in
such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data
A database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.
You can think of a database as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.
An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film, can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis.
To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.
Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks
Telecommunications The electronic transmission of signals for
communications; enables organizations to link computer systems into effective networks
Refers to all types of data transmission, from voice to video
Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks
Network Used to connect computers and
computer equipment in a building, around the country, across the world, to enable electronic communications
A group of two or more computer systems linked together
There are many types of computer networks, including:
local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are
geographically close together (that is, in the same building).
wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize different types of networks:
topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring.
protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network .
architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.
Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes.
Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers.
Internet The world’s largest telecommunications
network A network of networks Free exchange of information A global network connecting millions of
computers. Intranet
A network that uses Internet technology within an organization
A network belonging to an organization
People The most important element in most
computer-based information systems Includes people who manage, run,
program, and maintain the system E.g., IT professionals (you!)
Procedures Includes the strategies, policies,
methods, and rules for using the CBIS
Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems
Transaction Any business-related exchange E.g., generating a weekly payroll
Transaction processing system (TPS) An organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed for for business related exchanges
Hoursworked
Payrate
Payrolltransactionprocessing
Payrollchecks
Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems
E-commerce Involves any business transaction executed
electronically Conducting business on-line For example, between…
▪ Companies▪ Companies and consumers▪ Business and the public sector▪ Consumers and the public sector
Example for placing a purchase order
Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems
An MIS is… An organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices used to routine information to managers and decision makers
Commondatabases
Marketingmanagementinformationsystem
FinancialmanagementInformationsystem
ManufacturingmanagementInformationsystem
Ordermanagementinformationsystem
TPS
MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters
MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems are written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers.
Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).
Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems
A DSS is… An organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
A DSS helps a manger “do the right thing”
Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems
An expert system is… A computer application that performs a task
that would otherwise be performed by a human expert
gives the computer the ability to make suggestions and to act like an expert in a particular field
Examples: diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, schedule routes for delivery vehicles
Expert systems typically include “artificial intelligence” (next slide)
AI is… A branch of computer science concerned
with making computers behave like humans
Term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Draws from many areas, including cognitive psychology
Artificial intelligence includes games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers
expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)
natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languagesneural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brainsrobotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli
Attempted to replace humans in decision making
However did not take into account How humans actually reason Human information needs (doctors do
not want their decision making replaced, but rather want it supported)
Systems development The activity of creating or modifying an
existing business system Systems investigation and analysis
Defines the problems and opportunities of an existing system
Systems design Determine how a new system will work to
meet business needs
Systems implementation Creating and acquiring system
components defined in the designSystems maintenance and review
Checks a modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs