Intro to the Human Body – Directional Terms, Planes, Quadrants, and Regions
Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the...
-
Upload
amos-basil-hampton -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the...
![Page 1: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Anatomical Planes and Directions
![Page 2: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anatomical Position Definition: A reference
position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions
The body is in a standing posture with the arms at the sides, palms turned forward, feet together and pointed forward, and head pointed forward
![Page 3: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Midline Definition: A reference
line extending down the middle of the body, encompassing the vertebral column, spinal cord, and naval
![Page 4: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Used to cut the body into smaller sections in order to facilitate study of body cavities, organs, systems, etc.
Especially useful in medical imaging studies
Body Planes
![Page 5: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Median Plane Definition: The
midline, longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into equal right and left halves
The middle sagittal plane
Encompasses the vertebral column and spinal cord
![Page 6: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sagittal Plane Definition: The
longitudinal plane dividing the body into left and right parts
Parallel to the median plane and may be applied to the head, torso, and limbs
Not limited to the midline
![Page 7: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Frontal (Coronal) Plane Definition: The
longitudinal plane dividing the body into equal or unequal front and back parts
The term “coronal” is used by radiologists in reference to MRIs and CT scans
![Page 8: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transverse Plane Definition: The
horizontal plane that divides the body or body parts into upper and lower segments
A cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal planes
![Page 9: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Craft Time!!!!! Construct a plane
model◦ No, not a paper
airplane… A 3-D model of the
body planes, like this:◦ Color-code it and label it
to help you identify the planes
![Page 10: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Left Definition: To the left
side of the midline References the
subject’s left, not your left
Example: The stomach is to the left of the liver
![Page 11: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Right Definition: To the right
side of the body or structure being studied
Example: The right lung is bigger than the left lung
![Page 12: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lateral Definition: Toward the
side; away from the midline
Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose
![Page 13: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Medial Definition: Toward the
midline: away from the side
Example: The eyes are medial to the ears
![Page 14: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Anterior Definition: Toward the
front of the body Example: The nose is
on the anterior side of the head
![Page 15: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Posterior Definition: Toward the
back of the body Example: A mullet is
long on the posterior side of the body
![Page 16: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Superior Definition: Toward the
top of the body Example: The
shoulders are superior to the hips
![Page 17: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inferior Definition: Toward the
bottom of the body Example: The liver is
inferior to the heart
![Page 18: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dorsal Definition: Along (or
toward) the vertebral surface of the body
Example: The SI joints are on the dorsal surface
![Page 19: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ventral Definition: Along
(toward) the belly surface of the body
Example: The naval is on the ventral surface
![Page 20: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Caudal Definition: Toward the
tail Example: The neck is
caudal to the skull
![Page 21: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cephalad Definition: Toward the
head Example: The neck is
cephalad to the tail
![Page 22: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Proximal Definition: Toward the
trunk Describes relative
position in a limb or other appendage
Example: The joint is proximal to the toenail
![Page 23: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Distal Definition: Away from
the trunk or point of attachment
Example: The hand is distal to the elbow
![Page 24: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Visceral Definition: Toward an
internal organ; away from the outer wall
Describes positions inside a body cavity
Example: The organ is lined with the visceral layer of the membrane
![Page 25: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Parietal Definition: Toward the
wall; away from internal structures
Example: The abdominal cavity is lined with the parietal peritoneal membrane
![Page 26: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Deep Definition: Toward the
inside of a part; away from the surface
Example: The thigh muscles are deep to the skin
![Page 27: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Superficial Definition: Toward the
surface of a part; away from the inside
Example: The skin is a superficial organ
![Page 28: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Medullary Definition: Refers to
an inner region, or medulla
Example: The medullary cavity is where bone marrow is produced
![Page 29: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cortical Definition: Refers to
the outer region, or cortex
Example: Cortical bone covers the external surface of the bone
![Page 30: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Intrinsic
Definition: Inherent or insideExample: The lumbricals are intrinsic hand musclesExample: An intrinsic motivation is doing something because it makes you happy
![Page 31: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Extrinsic
Definition: Outer or from the outsideExample: The thumb flexor muscle is an extrinsic hand muscleExample: An extrinsic motivation for doing something is monetary compensation
![Page 32: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Valgus
Definition: An angulation outward and away from the midline of the body, as exhibited by the distal segment of the bone or jointExample: Someone who is knock-kneed has valgus of the ankles
![Page 33: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Varus
Definition: An angulation inward and toward the midline of the body, as exhibited by the distal segment of the bone or jointExample: Someone who is bow-legged has varus of the ankles
![Page 34: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ipsilateral Definition: Situated
on or affecting the same side of the body
Example: The right eye and the right ear are ipsilateral body parts
![Page 35: Definition: A reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions The body is in a standing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eac5503460f94bb25c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Contralateral Definition: Situated
on or affecting the opposite side of the body
Example: The eyes are on contralateral sides of the head