© Copyright IBM Corp. 2004. All rights reserved. IBM Eserver iSeries ITSO Technical Forum IBM...

IBM Confidential until Announcement© Copyright IBM Corp. 2004. All rights reserved.

IBM Eserver iSeries ITSO Technical Forum

ibm.com

International Technical Support Organization

Linux Implementation on i5

LP12

Yessong Johng

IBM Confidential until Announcement ibm.com/redbooks

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2004. All rights reserved.

Acknowledgement

• Contributors to the contents covered in this presentation include:– Dave Boutcher– Erwin Earley– Fant Steele

• I also want to acknowledge the help of redbook authors including:– Fredy Cruz– Stacey Johnson– Vaclav Matousek– Vaseem Ansari



Agenda

Linux on i5 Introduction Planning for Linux on i5 Linux Partition Creation Linux Installation



Linux on i5 Introduction



Simplify your Infrastructure

• Reduce complexity and costs – Pool your resources by managing

multiple environments on a single server

• Handle constant changes– Automatically respond to changes in

processor demand with logical partitioning

• Save time and money– Simplify management of IT resources

with storage virtualization

• Increase business flexibility – Expand on the Fly with flexible growth

options



Storage Virtualization on eServer i5

• Leverage i5/OS storage resources – Storage spaces are created and

connected to AIX 5L and Linux partitions and Integrated xSeries Servers

– Up to 64 TBs per operating environment

• Benefits – Consolidate storage resources and

management – Automatically protect data– Increase application performance– Consolidate backups– Improve availability



LPAR1

OS/400

LPAR2

LinuxDB

Web Server

i5/OS Windows

Data

Application

BusinessIntelligence

i5/OS AIX 5L

i5/OS Linux

Data

Data

Windows

Windows

DataData

Data

Application Integration on eServer i5

• Virtual Ethernet connects operating environments– i5/OS– AIX 5L– Linux– Windows

• Benefits– Fast communication between applications– Secure transfer of information – Reliable connections – Built in - LAN adapters and switches are

not required

Availability

Commerce



Linux I/O Flexibility

i5/OS LPAR Linux LPARi5/OS LPAR Linux LPAR

Virtual SCSI

Virtual Ethernet

Virtual I/O Direct I/O

• i5/OS managed resources• Storage and Ethernet

•Linux managed Resources• Storage, Ethernet, Tape, Optical, ….



Virtualization Enhancements for POWER5

iSeries eServer i5

Maximum # of partitions

32 254

Partitions per Processor

Up to 10 Up to 10

Processor Movement Static

Dynamic

StaticDynamicAutomatic

Maximum # of Virtual Ethernets

16 4094

Maximum Virtual Disk per partition

2 TB 64 TB

Partition Management Primary HMC

Operating Systems i5/OS

OS/400

Linux

i5/OS

Linux

AIX 5L

IBM Virtualization Engine Systems Technologies



Automatic Processor Balancing with Uncapped Partitions*O

S/4

00

1

Lin

ux

1

AIX

1

Dedicated Processor Resources Shared Processor Resources

Capped Uncapped

OS/400

.25

Dynamic

Linux

.33

AIX

1.5

Automatic

OS/400

.25<>.5

Linux

.5<>1

AIX

.5<>1.5

*Not Announced

iSeries Autonomic Enhancements



OS Support for Virtualization on eServer i5

i5/OS

5.3

AIX 5L

5.3

AIX 5L

5.2

Linux

SLES 9

Linux

RHEL 3 U3

Micro-Partitioning Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Uncapped Partitions Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Dynamic LPAR

- Processor Yes Yes Yes Yes No

- Memory Yes Yes Yes No No

- I/O Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Virtual I/O Hosting Yes No No No No

Virtual I/O Client

- Storage No Yes No Yes Yes

- Ethernet Yes Yes No Yes Yes

- CD/DVD No No No Yes Yes

- Tape No No No Yes Yes



Planning for Linux on i5



Planning for Linux on i5

• Partitioning always requires an HMC– Can be used as the console for i5/OS and Linux

• Can use dedicated I/O– At a minimum a storage adapter, install media, and a network adapter– Note rules for IOPs and PCI adapters!

• Can use virtual I/O– Can create “pure virtual” partitions

• Can mix-and-match– Very typical scenario has virtual storage and dedicated LAN adapter

• LPAR Validation Tool (LVT) is your friend– http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/lpar/systemdesign.htm



LVT: LPAR Validation Tool

Download it from http:/www.iseries.ibm.com/lpar/systemdesign.html



Install Media

• Physical CD/DVD– Assigned to the Linux partition

• Network install– Can’t route network install through OS/400 virtual

Ethernet

• Virtual CD from i5/OS– Easiest solution– Particularly with “virtual” optical devices (CD

image in i5/OS IFS)



Linux on i5: Virtual I/O

• HW requirements– Processor units; Memory; Disk; Network interface

• Linux distribution– SLES 9 or RHEL AS 3 QU3

• Power control options– Automatic start of the Linux partition– Activate the Linux partition from HMC– Activate the Linux partition from i5/OS– Activate the Linux partition with i5/OS IPL

• Console options– Virtual console– HMC’s VTerm



HMC Overview

7310-C03(desktop)

7310-CR2(rack)

What is it? Pre-loaded PC appliance Desktop or rack-mount Connected to POWER5 server via Ethernet Accessible remotely through WebSM client from

Linux or Windows PC

What is it used for? All LPAR functions Local console for AIX 5L, Linux, i5/OS Capacity on Demand Hardware service Error reporting Remote support/call home Firmware updates Can manage multiple servers



HMC Overview



HMC Overview

Service ProcessorHMC

POWER Hypervisor

Partition 2Partition 1 Partition 3

NVRAM

Processors

Memory

I/O Slots

…



HMC Structure



i5 LPAR Configuration Example

Ser

vice

P

roce

ssor

Virtual I/O

NAT IP: 9.5.92.64

Hosting serverIP: 9.5.92.27

Virtual I/O

NAT IP: 9.5.92.62

Direct I/OIP: 9.5.92.28

Hybrid I/OIP: 9.5.92.29

NAT IP: 9.5.92.63

Virtual EthernetSlot 3

IP: 10.1.1.1Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.2Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.3Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.4

VLAN1 VLAN1VLAN1

HMCIP: 9.5.92.26

Virtual Serial

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

CLIENTSlot 4Slot 7

SERVERSlot 1

Slot 0

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

SERVERSlot 1

Slot 0

POWER Hypervisor

SERVERSlot 2Slot 6Slot 8

CLIENTSlot 3

CLIENT

Slot 3

CLIENT

Slot 3

Virtual SCSI

Ser

vice

P

roce

ssor

Virtual I/O

NAT IP: 9.5.92.64

Hosting serverIP: 9.5.92.27

Virtual I/O

NAT IP: 9.5.92.62

Direct I/OIP: 9.5.92.28

Hybrid I/OIP: 9.5.92.29

NAT IP: 9.5.92.63

Virtual EthernetSlot 3

IP: 10.1.1.1Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.2Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.3Slot 2

IP: 10.1.1.4

VLAN1 VLAN1VLAN1

HMCIP: 9.5.92.26

Virtual Serial

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

CLIENTSlot 4Slot 7

SERVERSlot 1

Slot 0

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

SERVERSlot 0Slot 1

SERVERSlot 1

Slot 0

POWER Hypervisor

SERVERSlot 2Slot 6Slot 8

CLIENTSlot 3

CLIENT

Slot 3

CLIENT

Slot 3

Virtual SCSI



Topic

Setup and Installation



Linux Installation

• Step 1: Creation of Linux Partition Using HMC

• Step 2: Creation of NWSD/NWSSTG• Step 3: Linux Installation• Step 4: IPL Setup for Normal Boot



Step 1

Partition Creation Using HMC



Creating a new partition



Creating a new partition … cont.



Virtual Adapters




We need to create a matching SCSI adapter on the server partition of i5/OS to represent as slot number 5 in partition 4.




This is on the server i5/OS partition.




This is on the client Linux partition.




Now, we configure virtual Ethernet.



Step 2

Creation of NWSD/NWSSTG



Creating a NWSSTG



WRKHDWRSC *CMN –> Opt 7

Work with Communication Resources

System: RCHAS10 Type options, press Enter. 5=Work with configuration descriptions 7=Display resource detail Opt Resource Type Status Text CMB01 2844 Operational Combined function IOP LIN11 2793 Operational Comm Adapter CMN11 2793 Operational Comm Port CMN12 2793 Operational Comm Port LIN08 2849 Operational LAN Adapter CMN08 2849 Operational Ethernet Port CMB02 268C Operational Combined function IOP LIN01 6B03 Operational Comm Adapter CMN01 6B03 Operational Comm Port LIN02 6B03 Operational Comm Adapter CMN02 6B03 Operational Comm Port CTL01 290B Operational Comm Adapter CTL02 290B Operational Comm Adapter CTL03 290B Operational Comm Adapter CTL04 290B Operational Comm Adapter

More... F3=Exit F5=Refresh F6=Print F12=Cancel



Verify Matching SCSI Adapter

Display Resource Detail

System: RCHAS10 Resource name . . . . . . . : CTL03 Text . . . . . . . . . . . : Comm Adapter Type-model . . . . . . . . : 290B-001 Serial number . . . . . . . : 00-00000 Part number . . . . . . . . :

Location: U9406.520.10CC86C-V1-C5

Logical address: SPD bus: System bus 255 System board 0 System card 0 Communications:

More... Press Enter to continue. F3=Exit F5=Refresh F6=Print F12=Cancel



Virtual SCSI Server Adpater



CRTNWSD

Create Network Server Desc (CRTNWSD) Type choices, press Enter.

Network server description . . . > LINUXI5 NameResource name . . . . . . . . . > CTL03 Name, *NONE, *AUTONetwork server type . . . . . . > *GUEST *WINDOWSNT, *GUESTOnline at IPL . . . . . . . . . > *NO *YES, *NO.Partition . . . . . . . . . . . *NONEPartition number . . . . . . . 3.Code page . . . . . . . . . . . 437.IPL source . . . . . . . . . . *STMF IPL stream file . . . . . . . ‘/QOPT/SU90.001/INSTALL’ IPL parameters . . . . . . . . ‘VNC=1’ Power control . . . . . . . . *YES . Text ‘description’ . . . . . . ‘Linux i5’

Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display F24=More keys



Attaching NWSSTG with NWSD



Other Things To Do

• Set up i5/OS virtual console for Linux partition– To use a telnet 2301 console

• Configure serial “server” adapter for Linux partition• Configure serial “client” adapter for i5/OS partition

• Communication setup– Configure directly attached NIC for Linux partition

if you have one– Or, configure virtual Ethernet link via

• Proxy ARP• Or, NAT

• Refer to “Linux on i5” Redbook: SG24-6388!



Step 3

Linux Installation



SLES 9 Installation – GUI Mode

• Two methods:– Method 1: GUI mode using VNC or graphical

terminal– Method 2: ASCII mode using a terminal session

from HMC

• Step 1: Start a virtual console session– You can use PuTTY, or telnet to port 2301– Leave this session to use as VNC client

• Step 2: Vary on NWSD• Step 3: SLES 9 installation using YaST



SLES 9 Installation … cont.




OS/400 Guest Partition Consoles 3: Linux(V4-C6/V3-C0)

Enter the console partition number: 3 Linux: Enter OS/400 service tools userid: LNXUSR Linux: Enter OS/400 service tools password: Linux: Console connecting... Linux: Console connected.



HMC Structure




Work with Configuration Status MARIAT 07/29/04 21:43:42 Position to . . . . . Starting characters Type options, press Enter. 1=Vary on 2=Vary off 5=Work with job 8=Work with description 9=Display mode status 13=Work with APPN status... Opt Description Status -------------Job-------------- 1 LINUXI5 VARIED OFF Bottom Parameters or command ===> F3=Exit F4=Prompt F12=Cancel F23=More options F24=More keys




• Varying on Linux partition will boot it to SMS mode.




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1 = SMS Menu 5 = Default Boot List 8 = Open Firmware Prompt 6 = Stored Boot List

memory keyboard network scsi speaker




>>> SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9 installation program v1.6.36 (c) 1996-2004 SUSE LINUX AG <<<

Starting hardware detection...Searching for info file...

Automatic configuration via DHCP?

1) Yes2) No

> 2

Enter your IP address> 192.168.1.2

Enter your netmask. For a normal class C network, this is usually255.255.255.0 [255.255.255.0]> 255.255.255.0

If you need a gateway to reach the server, enter the IP address of thegateway. If you do not need a gateway, enter your own IP address[192.168.1.2]> 192.168.1.1

Enter the IP address of your name server. If you do not use a name server,press ESC [192.168.1.2]> 192.168.1.1




Loading data into RAM disk... (56660 kB).............................creating device nodes ... doneintegrating the shared objects of the installation system...starting syslog (messages are logged to /dev/tty4)...starting klogd ...integrating kernel modules of the installation system...starting slpd to anounce VNC...starting yast...

OK

starting VNC server...a log can be found in /tmp/vncserver.log ...

****** You can connect to 192.168.1.2, display :1 now with vncviewer*** Or use a Java capable browser on http://192.168.1.2:5801/***

(When YaST2 is finished, close your VNC viewer and return to this window.)



Step 4

IPL Setup for Normal Boot



Completing the Install: Changing the Boot Options

• Once the installation has completed, the Network Server Descriptor needs to be updated to “boot” the installed system

• The ‘WRKNWSD’ command can be used to make changes to the NWSD

• Fields to be changed:

Field Value Comment

IPL Source *NWSSTG This value will cause the NWSD to “boot” from the Prep Boot disk partition of the first disk linked to the NWSD

IPL Stream File

*NONE This value is only used when IPL Source is set to *STMF

IPL Parameters

‘root=/dev/sda3’ Indicates the location of the Linux ‘root’ directory. This value is valid when performing a default SLES 9 install and may be different for different distributions and install options.



CHGNWSD

Change Network Server Desc (CHGNWSD) Type choices, press Enter.

Network server description . . . > LINUXI5 NameResource name . . . . . . . . . > CTL03 Name, *NONE, *AUTONetwork server type . . . . . . > *GUEST *WINDOWSNT, *GUESTOnline at IPL . . . . . . . . . > *NO *YES, *NO.Partition . . . . . . . . . . . *NONEPartition number . . . . . . . 3.Code page . . . . . . . . . . . 437.IPL source . . . . . . . . . . *NWSSTG IPL stream file . . . . . . . *NONE IPL parameters . . . . . . . . ‘root=/dev/sda3’ Power control . . . . . . . . *YES . Text ‘description’ . . . . . . ‘Linux i5’

Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display F24=More keys



Post Installation – Initial Boot• Once installation is

completed, the Linux system will complete its boot process and a login prompt will be displayed

• At this point you could log in as any of the users defined during the installation process (including the root user)



Starting and Stopping Linux

• The Network Server can be started and stopped shutdown either from i5/OS terminal emulation or through iSeries Navigator



Partition Shutdown

• If the vary off of the NWSD fails (i.e. the NWSD does not go to a ‘VARIED OFF’ state) then force the partition to shutdown from the HMC



Verifying an SSH connection to Linux

• One way to validate the Linux installation is to attempt to establish a terminal session to the Linux system

• By default, most Linux installations (including SLES 9) have telnet disabled

• An SSH client can be used to validate the ability to connect via SSH to the Linux system

• PuTTY is a popular SSH client for Windows clients



Redbook!

SG24-6388



The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. For a complete list of IBM Trademarks, see www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml: AS/400, DBE, e-business logo, ESCO, eServer, FICON, IBM, IBM Logo, iSeries, MVS, OS/390, pSeries, RS/6000, S/30, VM/ESA, VSE/ESA, Websphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries, z/VM

The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies

Lotus, Notes, and Domino are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lotus Development CorporationJava and all Java-related trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countriesUNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.RealVNC and the RealVNC logos are trademarks of RealVNC Ltd.YaST is a registered trademark of SUSE LINUX AGIntel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation* All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

NOTES:

Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here.

IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.

All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions.

This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area.

All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.

Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.

References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country.

Any proposed use of claims in this presentation outside of the United States must be reviewed by local IBM country counsel prior to such use.

The information could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. IBM may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication at any time without notice.

Any references in this information to non-IBM Web sites are provided for convenience only and do not in any manner serve as an endorsement of those Web sites. The materials at those Web sites are not part of the materials for this IBM product and use of those Web sites is at your own risk.

Trademarks and Disclaimers

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2004. All rights reserved. IBM Eserver iSeries ITSO Technical Forum IBM...

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