* Compare and Contrast cranial nerves to spinal nerves * Know which cranial nerves are central and...
-
Upload
gerard-clarke -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of * Compare and Contrast cranial nerves to spinal nerves * Know which cranial nerves are central and...
*Objectives
* Compare and Contrast cranial nerves to spinal nerves
* Know which cranial nerves are central and which are peripheral
* Know the 4 functions of all cranial nerves together
* Draw, interpret, and analyze the corticobrainstem tracts
* Explain the process of olfaction (receptors, CN I, cortical areas)
* Explain taste (receptors, CN VII & IX, solitary n.)
* Explain vision (visual field, anatomy & receptors, CN II, visual pathway)
* Explain coordination of eye movements (III, IV, VI efferents)
* Explain hearing (anatomy & receptors, CN VIII, auditory pathway)
* Explain sensory and motor control of face (CN V & VII)
* Explain swallowing & speaking (CN V, VII, IX, X efferents)
* Explain head control (CN XII efferents)
* Explain parasympathetic control of viscera (CN X)
* Describe or draw the auditory, visual, and pupillary pathways
Special SensesMotor (and somatosensory)Autonomic
*Venn Diagram
• Somatosensory
• Somatomotor• Ganglia for
afferents outside of CNS
• Reflexes • Sympathetic
components
• Special senses
• Vary in components (S, M, B)
• From specialized nuclei in BS
• Parasympathetic component
• All have both (B)
• From gray laminae in SC
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
*Cranial Nerve Overview
*What are cranial nerves?
*4 functions
*Motor innervation to muscles of face, eyes, lips, tongue, jaw, and throat
*Somatosensory information from face and jaw (touch, vibration, proprioception, pain, etc)
*Special senses – vision, hearing, taste, smell, vestibular
*Parasympathetic regulation
*Corticobrainstem tracts
*Draw the corticobrainstem tracts!!
*Refer to this drawing during the rest of the cranial nerves lectures!
*Corticobrainstem = corticonuclear = corticobulbar
*Smell (Olfaction)
*Key Structures:
*Chemoreceptors
*Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory bulb and tract)
*Olfactory Cortex
*Key Points:
*
*
*
*Dysfunctions called
–osmia (ex: anosmia)
*Taste (Gustation)
*Key Structures:
*Chemoreceptors
*CN VII & IX (facial & glossopharyngeal)
*Solitary Nucleus
*VPM, Gustatory Cortex
*Key Points:
*
*
*
*Vision – Visual Field
*Peripheral vision is only one eye
*Blind spot is location of
optic nerve in retina
*Image is flipped – peripheral vision is located in medial retina
*Test your peripheral vision!
*Find the edge of vision on your R, first with your R eye, then only with your left.
*Find your blind spot!
*Close your L eye. Find your R blind spot with a finger.
*Vision - Anatomy
*Photoreceptors
*Located in the retina
*Rods – black and white
*Cones – 3 pigmented types to detect colors
*Cornea Lens Retina Optic n.
*Fovea:
*
*Refraction of light
*Visual and Pupillary
Pathways
*Visual
*Carries information from retina
*Goes to LGB
*Then to hypothalamus, midbrain, primary visual cortex
*Pupillary
*Using visual information in midbrain…
*Goes to EW, through oculomotor nerve to constrictor muscles
*Eye movements
*CN III, IV, VI
*Nuclei in midbrain & pons
*Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
*
*
*4 Rectus muscles, 2 Oblique muscles, 1 eyelid muscle
*Movements are normally coordinated
*Hearing
*Sound wave tympanic membrane 3 ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes) cochlea hair cells (mechanoreceptors) spiral ganglia cochlear nerve
*http://www.healthline.com/vpvideo/hearing-animation
*Motor control of face musculature
*CN VII (facial)
*2 halves of facial nucleus
*Upper
*Lower
*CN V
*muscles of mastication
*Sensory Information from
Face
*CN V (trigeminal)
*Ophthalmic (V1) S
*Maxillary (V2) S
*Mandibular (V3) B
*Trigeminal nuclei
*Mesencephalic
*Sensory, Motor
*Spinal
*Swallowing
*Salivation CN IX, parotid gland
*Somatosensation of posterior tongue & throat
*CN IX Solitary n.
*Swallowing
*Nucleus Ambiguus, Solitary, Dorsal Motor of X combination of CNs IX, X, XII
*Speaking
*Motor control of larynx & soft palate
*Corticonuclear tract Nucleus Ambiguus CN X
*Motor control of tongue
*Corticonuclear tract Hypoglossal nucleus CN XII
*Motor control of jaws
*Corticonuclear tract Trigeminal motor nucleus CN V
*Motor control of lips
*Corticonuclear tract Facial nucleus CN VII
*CN Reflexes & Testing
1. Smell: use smelling salts or other substances to test sense of smell (A-1)
2. Pupillary reflex: direct & consensual responses (A-2, E-3)
3. Eye coordination: test for eye position & nystagmus (E-3,4,6)
5. Sensation of face: Touch, pain, temp (A-5)
7. Blink reflex: Test blinking (A-5, E-7)
Face muscles: Check facial expressions (E-7)
8. Test balance & hearing
9. Gag reflex: (A-9, E-10)
11. MMT trapezius & SCM (E-11)
12. Tongue: check for atrophy (E-12)
Pages 351-353 LE