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Chapter 5: Social Work as a Profession

Social Work In CanadaCopyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

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An Introduction Third Edition


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Social Work as a Profession

The Growth of the Profession The Roles of the Social Worker & Social Service

Worker Comparing Social Work, Psychology, & Psychiatry CASW’s Code of Ethics The Education of Social Workers Unionization and Salaries The Future of the Profession

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Social Work as a Profession

In 2004, 80% of social workers were women.

(www.jobfutures.ca)

Year Number of Canadian Social Workers

1931 1,056

1961 10,854

1991 61,135

2004 121,800

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The Growth of the Profession

Regulated by ten provincial associations and one territorial association

Each association is mandated by provincial legislation Individual social workers become registered through

membership to regulatory body Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW)

brings all associations together Education is monitored by the Canadian Association

for Social Work Education (CASWE)

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The Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW) Founded in 1926 September 1, 1926, the constitution for the Canadian

Association of Social Workers was approved Originally, there were 197 initial members Today, it is a federated organization with 16,000

members across the country

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The Canadian Association for Social Work Education (CASWE) Founded in 1967 A national association of university faculties, schools, and

departments offering professional education in social work

Purpose is to advance the standards, effectiveness, and relevance of social work education and scholarship

Responsible for reviewing and approving social work education programs

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International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) Founded in Paris in 1928 Represents over half a million social workers in 55

different countries Promotes social work as a profession Links social workers from around the world Promotes the participation of social workers in social

policy and planning

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International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) Worldwide network of social work educational

institutions Adheres to all UN Declarations and Conventions on

human rights Recognizes that respect for the inalienable rights of the

individual is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace

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Regulating the Social Work Profession Each Canadian province or territory has extensive

legislation governing the practice of social work Increasing legislative control over the last 30 years Each Act governs who can call themselves a social

worker, the qualifications required, and penalties for unethical behaviour

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Roles of the Social & Social Service Worker

Social Worker Roles:

Enabler Broker Advocate Initiator Mediator Negotiator

Activist Educator Coordinator Researcher Group Facilitator Public Speaker

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Social Work, Psychology, & Psychiatry

Social Work Psychology Psychiatry

Emphasizes individual within context of broader social environment

Focuses on individual behaviour and internal thoughts and feelings

Focuses on individually based mental illness, generally treated with prescription medications or biological treatments

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Social Work, Psychology, & Psychiatry

Integrated Service Delivery (ISD) Provides social and health services Recognizes that individuals or families have a variety of

needs Programs coordinate so that all needs are met Social workers act as case managers and service planners Team-based and client-focused model Enables people to access varied services in one location

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CASW’s Code of Ethics

The Code of Ethics has six core values:

1. Respect for Inherent Dignity and Worth of Persons2. Pursuit of Social Justice3. Service to Humanity4. Integrity of Professional Practice5. Confidentiality in Professional Practice6. Competence in Professional Practice

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CASW’s Guidelines for Ethical Practice

Guidelines for Ethical Practice: Normative standards identify what the expected

standard should be Aspirational ethics identify the principles that

professionals should attempt to reach Prescriptive ethics refer to behaviours to which

professionals are held accountable to uphold

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CASW

The Ambiguity of Social Work:

Refers to the fact that social workers balance urgent and practical intervention measures with difficult and “political” questions

Situations in which policy and regulations of the agency conflict with the best interests of the client

Balancing one’s beliefs, professional standards, and agency rules can be difficult

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CASW

Ethical Decision-Making What are my feelings and intuition telling me to do? How do my values inform my decision? Will they hinder

or help? How will other people be affected by my decision? How would I feel if this decision were made public? What decision would best define who I am as a person?

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The Education of Social Workers

Social Worker – university-trained Social Service Worker – college-trained 35 universities offering social work degrees 46 community colleges offering diplomas 29 Canadian universities offer Masters programs 7 Canadian universities offer PhD programs

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The Education of Social Workers

Employment Opportunities in Social Work

Health and social services Government services Communities Research Self-employment

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Unionization and Salaries

Most Canadian social workers are members of public sector unions

Associations represent social workers in issues of development of the profession, the education of members, and discussion of social policy

Unions represent them in areas of pay or working conditions

In 2008, 69% of social workers belonged to unions

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Salaries of Social Workers Unions have helped raise salaries, improve

working conditions, and enhance job security Among the lowest paid service workers Today, social workers increasingly find themselves

working for non-unionized, underfunded agencies

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The Future of the Profession

There are several factors that will contribute to significant changes to the social work profession:

Privatization Technology Interdisciplinary practice Evidence-based practice

Funding cutbacks Demographics Immigration/multiculturalism Globalization

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Websites

Canadian Association of Social Workerswww.casw-acts.ca

Canadian Association of Schools of Social Workwww.caswe-acfts.ca/en

International Federation of Social Workerswww.ifsw.org

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Questions for Discussion

How would you determine when someone is “genuinely” in need? What would shape your decision?

Discuss with a classmate and then share with the class.

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Based on your answer to Question #2, how might your decision be shaped by your socioeconomic background? Your ethnic background? Your family norms and values?

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How might the ways in which a social worker perceives a social issue create challenges for interdisciplinary collaboration?

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Does the composition of the social work profession reflect the diversity of Canadian society? Why might this be important?

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What are three important factors that limit the role of social activism in social work today?

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Documents

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