Chapter 17 Section 3

Protestant Reformation

Indulgences Lutheran Theocracy Protestant

Peace of Augsburg Henry VIII Annul Anglican

Gained power and wealth

Influence, worldliness, and extravagance

Strayed from its spiritual roots

Protestant Reformation- a protest movement against the Catholic church

Financial corruption Abuse of power Immorality Church taxed

people for renaissance projects

1500’s Pope Leo needed money to build Saint Peter’s Basiclica

Indulgences-pardons issued by the pope to reduce a person’s time in purgatory

Thousand years people believed you worked off your sins in purgatoryIndulgences – one of the most criticized activities

Nationalism or devotion to a particular country was growing

People thought of themselves as citizens, separate from the church

John Wycliffe- believed the church should give up its worldly possessions

Jan Haus-1370 was a priest preached about immorality and worldliness of the Catholic church

Hus excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII

Arrested for heresy and burned at the stake

First influential theologians to openly criticize the church

Selling indulgences was sinful

Criticized the power of the pope and wealth of the church

Luther’s theses were for church leaders

Written in Latin and nailed to a church door

His actions began the Reformation(religious movement)

Not meant to be discussed at universities

Printing press helped them to spread throughout Europe

Read by intellectuals, clergy, and laypeople

Made sense to many people and they wanted reform

Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs

God’s grace can not be won by good works

Also need faith Jesus was the head

of the Christian church not the pope

Christians should interpret the Bible

Christian practices should come from the bible

Translated the Bible into German

More people could read it without the aid of the clergy

1520 Pople Leo X excommunicated him

1521 summoned to appear in front of the Holy Roman Emperoro Charles IVo German Diet o City of Wormso Luther refused to

change his opinions

Edict of Worms-Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings

Edict did not prevent Luther from spreading his ideas

1530 Lutheranism was a recognized branch of Christianity

1529 Charles V moved to suppress Lutherans

Princes in Germany assembly issued a protestatio or protest

Term protestant came into being

Luther stood against the Catholic Church

Opened the door to other religions

Lutheranism arose in Germany

Religious movements began in Switzerland. and Europe

22 year old priest Established a church

in Switzerland based on theocracy

Theocracy-government in which church and state are joined

Martin Luther opposed this

Luther accused him of tampering with the word of God

Swiss Protestants could not win Luther’s support

Catholics and Swiss Protestants fought

Zwingli died in battle

Next most important Protestant reformer

1509 born in France Supported Luther’s

reforms Predestination-God

knows who will be saved even before they are born

God guides their lives

Nothing they can do good or bad to change that

Calvinism took root in Switzerland

Viewed people as sinful by nature

Strict laws put in place to regulate behavioro Geneva- church

attendance was mandatory

o Number and courses of meals

o Color of clothingo Feasting, dancing,

singing , wearing jewelry were forbidden

Strictness- heart of Calvinists appeal

Sense of mission and discipline

Making world fit for the elect

Elect were the chosen ones

John Knox-spokesman for reformation in Scotland

Replaced the Roman Catholic Church

Presbyterian denomination

Anabaptists- rebaptizing adults

Was a crime punishable by death at the time

Latter evolved into several religious factions(Amish, Mennonites)

King Henry VIII- 1509 became king at 17

Devout Catholic Wrote protests

against Luther’s ideas

1529 Henry’s wife had a girl, wanted a male heir

Thought girl would weaken England

Henry wanted the marriage annulled

Annulment- means to declare the marriage invalid based on church laws

Pope offered several solutions did not grant annulment

Charles the IV Holy Roman Emperor could not agree on it (Catherine’s cousin)

Henry fell in love with Bobelyn

Summoned by Henry Declaration that

England was no longer under authority of the pope

Changed rituals of the Church

Closed Catholic monasteries

Distributed much of the land to his nobles

Helped build more support for the split

1533 Henry and Bobelyn married

Parliament declared the marriage to Catherine annulled

Anne gave birth to a girl

Parliament passed the Act of Supremacyo Take oath to declare

Henry the “Supreme head of the Church of England”

Split with Rome complete

Henry VIII had six wiveso Edward VI the male

heiro King at 9o Died before 16o Sister becomes

queen Mary returned to

authority of the pope

Hundreds of people burned at the stake

Called Bloody Mary Little sorrow for

Mary’s death Elizabeth I was

protestant Draft Supremacy

Act of 1559

Split England from Rome

Felt threatened by Catholics who wanted a new queen

Persecuted anyone who worship as a Catholic

Elizabeth firmly establishes the Church of England or the Anglican

Elizabeth brought religious peace

Protestant Priests could marry

1500’s began thinking of building an American Empire

Colonies strengthened but did not enrich the Queen