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Anumita Roychowdhury

-- Centre for Science and

Environment

Gurugram Environment

Conclave

Gurgaon First

Gurgaon, June 1, 2017

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Rapid growth …..

-- Five times growth in population since 2001

-- Industrial and financial centre of Haryana --

witnessed third largest increase in per capita

income after Chandigarh and Mumbai.

-- Almost 45-45% of Haryana’s revenue is from

Gurugram through state taxes

-- Growth makes enormous demand on

resources – water, energy, land, mobility,

biodiversity and generates wastes

-- If not addressed at early stages of growth this

can limit growth and undermine wellbeing and

liveability

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How should Gurugram Develop?

-- Polluted air, depleting groundwater, crippling electricity outages,

gurujams, choking waste burden, and receding forests…

Is this the Gurugram we want?

-- We believe it is possible to protect air, water, soil, biodiversity,

and forests and promote sustainable mobility even while meeting

the needs of development, growth and poverty reduction.

-- Effective intervention at the early stages of growth can help

Gurugram to attain sustainable development goals without

compromising growth and achieve wellbeing for all.

Question we asked.....

Setting sustainable goals

Government of India is committed to meeting Sustainable Development

Goals by 2030:

17 goals related to ending poverty and hunger, improving health and

education, making cities more sustainable, combating climate change and

protecting forests etc.

Goals for sustainable cities relate to urban planning, design, and

management; clean air, water and soil; affordable, inclusive and

accessible transport; climate mitigation and build resilience and integrate

needs of the poor.

ISO indicators for sustainable city: Defines performance indicators to set

benchmarks for cit services and quality of life.

Integrate guiding principles national and state level policies: Smart city,

Renewable energy, air, water and waste regulations, forest regulations among

others.

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-- Demand supply gap to jump

from 34% to 57%

-- Ground water table falling at a

rate of 1-3 meters a year.

-- Over 300% over extraction in

several blocks

-- Central Ground Water Board

warning – once the water table

reach 200 m below ground level

only rocks will be left.

-- Ground water and fresh water

banned for construction

Water stress.....

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Sharp drop in water table

Source: Hydrologist, Ground water cell (Agri. Deptt), Gurgaon

Between 2005

and 2014, as

much as 74%

drop in water

table

Drown in its own sewage?

--- Official forecast for sewage generation

in 2021 is 533 million litres. Join

Association of Federation of Resident

Welfare Association estimates -- 864

metric litre.

-- Official forecast of capacity to treat

sewage is 255 million litres – just half to

30% of what needs to be treated by 2021

-- STPs ineffient: Haryana State Pollution

Control Board found aqueous pollutants at

182 miligrams/litre while average for

municipal sewage after 3 stage treatment

should be 20 miligrams/litre.

Tankers release untreated sewer in storm

water drains

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Smogged.......

Gurugram – Pollution hotspot

in NCR

Winter pollution is severe

High exposure in key

commercial areas: – Sadar

Bazaar, Old Gurugram, Udyog

Vihar, MGF Mall among others.

Hospitals and schools in

pollution hotspots

Limited monitoring and no

health study

Guru'jam’

Losing battle of car-bulgeBetween 2008 and 2015:

Car registration increased by

352%

Bus registration down by

300%

IPT declined by 39%

Four times more cars per

1000 people than Delhi

Share of public transport, walk

and cycle dropped from 58%

to 40%

Urban design does not allow

deeper penetration of public

transport in neighbourhoods

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Killer roads

High accident risk – Pedestrians and cyclists more vulnerable

Very high accident risk on NH-8 expressway – 60% of accidents occur here.

More than 60% of road injuries reported during the day

Less than 23% of road length have usable footpath; 20% of streets have proper street

lights

Energy insecurity

Massive shortfall in electricity supply –

State electricity demand rising 10% a

year – 10-12 hours of power outages

Draft Master plan of Gurugram – (2014) –

Industrial use of electricity – 44%;

residential – 34%; commercial 21% and

municipal – 1%

Across all sectors electricity demand has

increased by at least 55% since 2005

Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran: electricity supply

is about 25% short of demand. Lifestyle

pressure to worsen the situation

Enormous dependence on polluting diesel

generator sets

Electricity demand from city-wide

infrastructure – street lights, motors, water

pumping etc.

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Renewable Energy

Solar Panels in Bestech Park

View Society in Gurgaon

Haryana in forefront on policies to push for renewable

energy – needs scale

Opportunity for solar – high intensity of solar radiation

for 320 days in Haryana. Gurugram currently has

17 MW of solar rooftop installed. Has a target of

another 11 MW until 2017.

-- Cost implication for switching to solar still a barrier

though cost curves have reduced

-- Perceived technology risk and vendor risk associated

with solar

-- Concerns about robustness and integration of grid for

operationalising "net metering"

-- Subsidy is often slow to come by; no subsidy on

hybrid systems (grid connected and battery bank)

-- Lack of awareness about Solar

-- HAREDA and DHBVNL need to work efficiently and

with greater coordination

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Waste is not a waste............

Waste generation growing at 5% annually -- to

increase several fold.

Municipal Corporation of Gurugram -- per capita

incremental increase in Waste generation is

about 1.3% per annum

More than half of municipal waste is

biodegradable; 12-15 %is dry

recyclable and rest is inert

Cleaning up of Bandwari landfill; making it

scientific waste treatment facility

Absence of decentralised waste segregation

Implementation of bye-laws on waste; including

on dumping, waste burning

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Construction and Demolition Waste

Massive problem, C&D dumping

destroys water bodies and

ecologically sensitive areas

Important steps forward – need

enforcement :

2015 Notification of Municipal

Corporation, Gurugram:

Notified 8 C&D waste dumping and

collection site

Waste generators pay variable rate for

segregated and un-segregated

waste.

Waste to be segregated into 6 streams.

Unregulated dumping is punishable

and stringent penalty

Make it work.....

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The poor are part of sustainability

agenda

About 10% of slum population of the state in

Gurugram. Over 1.1 migrant workers in in

addition to 1.5 million counted in 2011

Census. 72% live with shared basic facilities

In Kapasehra cluster, Chakkarpur,

Badshahpur, migrants are 60-90% of

local population

Very high dependence on rental

accommodation in private land

Affordable housing policy should cater to the

stratified needs of the urban poor – building

typology, habitat planning and basic services

Support for rental facilities

Need participatory planning, in-

situ development, upgraded housing, fiscal

and professional help for self construction

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Expand and conserve forests and green

areas

-- Forest cover has

only marginally increased to

8897.27 ha in 2014 from

8888.9 ha in 2010.

-- Reserved forest has remained the

same at 214.89 ha;

-- Protected forest has declined from

1588.27 ha in 2010 to 1575.61 ha in

2014

-- The statement of intent of

Gurugram Development Authority

aims to meet the international

benchmark for open green spaces.

The WHO prescribes a requirement

of 9 sq meter per person.

Aravallis need priority protection

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Build climate resilience

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Setting sustainability goals

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Setting sustainability goals

Clean water for all-- Reduce overall water demand by at least 25% through water efficiency and conservation

measures while maintaining quality of life.

-- Ensure equitable access to clean water for all and prevent water guzzling.

-- Promote decentralized waste water treatment for reuse and recycling.

-- Conserve rain water and increase ground water recharge in Aravallis, water bodies and

nullahs and in sectors to substantially augment local availability of water and reduce

dependence on water supply from longer distances.

Clean air for all -- Meet the national ambient air quality standards for all pollutants in a time bound manner to

protect public health.

-- Map out exposure levels and local pollution sources across the city for stronger local action

to reduce public health risk.

-- Take integrated approach towards controlling outdoor air pollution sources as well as indoor

pollution sources like biomass chulhas as these also contribute hugely to outdoor pollution.

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Setting sustainability goals

Sustainable and affordable mobility for all

-- At least 90% of the daily motorised travel trips to be carried by affordable, reliable and

modernized public transport systems, efficient para transit and extensive non-motorised

transport.

-- Eliminate traffic fatalities and road injuries.

-- Make commuting safe and accessible for women.

-- Promote universal road design for differently-abled.

-- Promote compact city design to reduce distances and vehicle-km travelled and increase

public transport and walking.

-- Preserve and build open public spaces and enable equitable access.

Reduce energy footprint

-- Reduce energy intensity of the built environment of the city by at least 30-35% to prevent

energy guzzling and contribute towards India’s INDC commitment of reducing energy

intensity of growth.

-- Improve energy savings in buildings by setting energy performance targets and adopt

enabling strategies.

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Setting sustainability goals

Build solar city - enhance renewable energy

-- Make Gurugram a solar city.

-- Promote rooftop solar power in all new and existing residential, commercial, and

institutional buildings and link it to reduce use of diesel generator sets.

-- Renewable energy will be installed to meet electricity generation equivalent to 5 per cent of

the demand load.

Promote zero landfill development -- minimise and reuse solid waste

-- Aim for near zero landfill development with not more than 10 per cent of waste to go to

landfill sites.

-- Promote mandatory decentralised segregation and collection in all residential colonies and

institutions; composting sites at colony level and ward level;

-- Promote properly designated and operated construction and demolition waste sites and

recycling facilities that are well audited.

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Setting sustainability goals

Sustainability agenda to include poor

-- Ensure equitable access for all including poor households, renters and slum dwellers to

basic resources and services -- water and sanitation, energy and waste management;

adequate, safe and affordable housing; appropriate housing typologies for all income classes;

and policy support for self constructed housing of the poor.

-- Develop urban villages where most poor people live largely on rent, as model urban

villages with all sustainability paramaters.

Protect and expand forests and green areas

-- Earmark at least 10% of the land area as forests.

-- Earmark an additional 15% as additional green areas – such as tree cover, parks, roadside

green belts etc;

-- At least 5% of Gurugram will be protected as a wildlife sanctuary, national park or

community reserve or conservation reserve.

-- Wastelands, in and around the Aravalli hills, are to be earmarked as forest to increase

forest cover.

-- Sequester green house gas emissions; trap toxic pollution, prevent heat islands, help

recharge of ground water, revive aquifers, protect local biodiversity and meet community

requirements.

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Champions of change ....

Gurgaon First: Promote renewable energy, green building and waste

management

Iamgurgaon: Protection of biodiversity and reviving traditional bandhs as

eco zones and eco mobility zones

Rahagiri: Changing mobility paradigm

Uthaan – organic agriculture and protecting local tree species and

biodiversity

SURGE: Working with community on rain water harvesting and

conservation

Mission Gurgaon Development: Protecting forests, sacred grove –

Manga Bani

NCR Waste matters waste segregation; Green Gurgaon among others

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Move forward

For each intervention detailed short, medium and long term

measures have been identified as part of the

comprehensive action plan

Time bound implementation of this action plan needs urgent

attention

Create an inter-departmental Task Force for coordination and

strong oversight and monitoring programme

Need strong public and policy support to push for change

Change is possible

25Thank You