Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important...
-
Upload
bertram-warner -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important...
![Page 1: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions.
Most important area of research:
Cell and tissue culture based production of vaccine, monoclonal antibodies, pharmaceutical drugs, Cancer research, genetic manipulation etc.
Animal cell, tissue and organ can be cultured like plant cell, tissue and organ on artificial media in control conditions.
![Page 3: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Alexis carrel (1912) used tissue and embryo extract as culture media.
Ross Harrison (1907) Made first attempt to culture animal cell.
Enders, Weller and Robbins (19940/19950) grew poliomylities virus in culture.
Interferon were named by Issac in 1966.
![Page 4: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In 1980 recombinant DNA technology used to produce interferon Alpha, beta, gamma
In 1996 Wilmut and coworkers successfully produce a transgenic sheep named Dolly via neuclear transferring technique.
In 2002, Clonaid claimed to produce a cloned human baby named Eve.
![Page 5: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture
![Page 6: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Animal cell can grow only to a limited generation in even in the best nutritive media.
Growth also depends on the sources of the tissue isolated.
Special feature of different tissue: In culture Neuronal cell required tough
condition. Connective tissue (skin) cell fibroblast can
grow up to some generation (die)
Contact inhibition (inhibition of further growth after reaching to the wall of the container)
![Page 7: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The environment in culture is different.
Cancerous cells apparently differ from the normal cells.
Basic requirement Air conditioning of room Incubator Microscope room etc
![Page 8: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anchorage-dependent cells required support for their growth in vitro.
Therefore a Large number of substrates which may be adhesive (e.g. Plastic, Glass, Palladium, Metallic surface etc
Or non adhesive agar, agarose etc
![Page 9: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Media: (growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells
Generally: Natural and synthetic media
![Page 10: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It is the natural source of nutrient sufficient for growth and proliferation of animals cell and tissue.
There are three types Coagulans or plasma clots: available in the
market in the form of liquid plasma kept in silicon ampoules or lyophilized plasma. (heparin)
Biological fluid: serum from human adult blood, placental, cord blood, horse blood calf blood or aminiotic fluid, pleural fluid insect haemolymph serum etc.
Tissue extract: such as embryo, liver spleen, leukocytes, tumor bone marrow etc
![Page 11: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Prepared artificially by adding several nutrients (org and inorg), vitamins, salts, serum proteins, carbohydrates, cofactors, O2 and CO2 gas phases etc.
Different type of synthetic media may be prepared for a variety of cells and tissue to cultured. It can be prepared for different functions.
Basically of two type ; Serum containing media and serum free media Serum free could be selective . Serum should not be used
![Page 12: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Advantages: Contains a complete set of essential
growth factors, hormones etc.
It bind and neutralises the toxin.
It contains protease inhibitors.
It increase buffering capacity.
Provides trace elements and other nutrients.
![Page 13: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Disadvantages:
Not chemically define.
May be the source of contamination
Increase difficulties and cost downstream processing.
![Page 14: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sterilizing of glassware, equipment and culture media:
![Page 15: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Equipment required for Animal cell culture:
![Page 16: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Act as aseptic working table for inoculation of animal cells etc.
Treatment with 70% ethanol.
Perform two functions Provides a sterile environment for cell
manipulation.
Protect operator from the potential risk from the culture.
![Page 17: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Provides suitable environmental condition to growing cells.
Silicon gasket makes the chamber of incubator air tight.
HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) maintained the internal environment sterile.
Relative humidity remains high therefore, correct osmolarity maintained and medium is protected from desiccation.
![Page 19: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Co2 designed in such a way that:
Maintained sterile condition inside the chamber,
Maintain an atmosphere of the high relative humidity
Provides an atmosphere with fixed level of CO2
Maintained a constant temperature at which they are fixed.
![Page 21: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Centrifuge: Commonly cells centrifuged at 20c.
Inverted microscope: Optical system is at the bottom and
light source at the top.
Use to observe cell cultures in situ.
Culture Room:
Well control temperature, humidity, illumination, air circulation etc.
![Page 22: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Observation (DATA collection) Cultures are maintained at regular
intervals in the culture room for the growth and development of cultured tissues.
Observation is also made in laminar air flow.
![Page 25: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Should not be contaminated.
Tissue washed with BSS (balanced Salt Solution) to avoid contamination. (1000 unites of penicillin and 0.5mg of streptomycin or neomycin per ml)
Tissue to be cultured properly sterilized with 70% ethanol and removed surgically under aseptic conditions.
![Page 27: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tissue must be disaggregated either mechanically or using enzymes or chemical to obtained cell suspension.
![Page 28: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Press via 100 um mesh (repeat)
Pass via 50 um mesh (repeat)
Pass via 20 um mesh
Remove debris and count the cells in haemocytometer
Dilute the medium up to 104 if required.
Forcing via Syringe or repeated pipetting can also be used.
![Page 29: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Embryonic tissue a high number of undifferentiated cells with least extracellular matrix is found.
(more readily disaggregated than that of adult and new born)
In timorous (Cancerous Cells) the chances of cell death and cell recovery are more than the normal.
Collagenase Trypsin
![Page 30: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
use for embryonic and malignant tissue. It degrade the collagen of intracellular
matrix.
Biopsy
Medium containing antibiotic
Dissected into pieces in basal salt solution containing antibiotics.
washed with sterile H2O
keeping in medium containing collagenase for five days.
Pipetting
Centrifugation to remove the mediumWashing with enrich medium
Primary culture
![Page 31: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Use of trypsin for disaggregation of tissue is called Trypsinization.
In crude form is commonly used for embryonic tissue
b.c many kinds of tissue cell can tolerate it and different types of tissue are significantly affected.
Serum or trypsin inhibitors can neutralise its residual enzyme activity only in serum free medium.
![Page 32: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tissue chopped and washed with dH2O
Keep in BSS. Place on ice soaked in cold trypsin 4-6 hours.
This allow penetration of enzymes in tissue.
Remove trypsin and tissue is incubated at 36.5C for 20-30 minutes.
10 ml of serum added and pipetting to disaggregate
Primary culture
![Page 33: Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. Most important area of research: Cell and tissue culture based.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ebf5503460f94bc9c65/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Chopped pieces 100 ml of trypsin 36.5 c and stir for 3-4 hrs
The disassociated cells are collected at every 30 minutes.
Add fresh trypsin to allow minimum exposure of cells to warm enzyme.
Remove the trypsin n and centrifuge add medium
Primary culture.