3) Buscopan

Buscopan tablets contain the active ingredient hyoscine-N-butylbromide, which is an antispasmodic alkaloid. It is used to relieve abdominal pain that is caused by painful spasms in the muscles of the gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) tract.

Hyoscine stops the spasms in the smooth muscle by preventing acetylcholine from acting on the muscle. It does this by blocking the receptors on the muscle cells that the acetylcholine would normally act on.

By preventing acetylcholine from acting on the muscle in the GI and GU tracts, hyoscine reduces the muscle contractions. This allows the muscle to relax and reduces the painful spasms and cramps.

Buscopan Dosage Forms

Typical dose is 10mg 3 times daily.for adults

Side effects

Dry mouth. Blurred vision. Reduced ability to sweat. Increase in heart rate (tachycardia). Constipation. Allergic skin reactions.

4) Atropine

Atropine is a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "Essential Drugs List", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system.

Atropine is a racemic mixture of D-hyoscyamine and L-hyoscyamine.

The most common atropine compound used in medicine is atropine sulfate .

Atropine sulfate Injection, USP 0.1 mg/mI (Adult) 0.05 mg/mL (Pediatric)

Pharmacological Action of Atropine

A mydriatic (causes dilatation of the eye pupil).

An antispasmodic (relaxes the intestinal and bronchial smooth muscles).

A pre-anesthetic medication to stop body

secretions. A CNS stimulant. An antidote to organophosphorus

insecticides.

Side Effects of Atropine

Adverse reactions to atropine include: ventricular fibrillation. tachycardia. dizziness. nausea. blurred vision & dilated pupils loss of balance, & confusion.

NH3C

O

O

HO NH3C

O

H CH2OH

O

(-)-Hyoscyamine

Atropine

(-)-Hyoscine

Solanaceous Alkaloids

N-Butyl hyoscine HBr

Natural Source of Atropine & Hyoscine

Atropine & Hyoscine are tropane alkaloids extracted from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), Duboisia(Duboisia myobroides), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger & Hyoscyamus muticus) and other plants of the family Solanaceae.

Natural Sources of Atropine & Hyoscine

Atropa belladonna( Solanaceae)

Hyoscyamus niger( Solanaceae)

Datura stramonium( Solanaceae)