© British Telecommunications plc © British Telecommunications plc

© British Telecommunications plc

The Evolution of Video ConferencingTyler S. Fiore – Director, Sales Engineering


HD Television and HD Video Conferencing

• High-definition TV (HDTV) is the newest set of video standards for high resolution television viewing.

• HDTV is broadcast one-way, transmitting video in one direction.

• High-definition video conferencing is two-way interactive communication where audio and video data are transmitted in real-time across a network.


Technology moves ahead….


And keeps moving ahead…


High Definition is Here!

• Manufacturers in every part of the video industry are embracing the concept and standard of HD

• But for an interactive application like video conferencing, HD is more than just a resolution


What does all this mean?• High definition means high resolution or a large number of pixels for monitors.

– Original format 4:3– New format 16:9 (greater field of view)

• Image resolution is three times better than standard television and over nine times better than traditional video conferencing.

• Effectiveness of video conferencing in healthcare.– Complex medical situations now done with regularly scheduled video conferences – Physicians earn required CME credits using video conferencing– Grand rounds, physicians can share their expertise and Telemanagement Resources

• Enhancing standard video conferencing with high definition only improves the benefits and increases the number of applications for which individuals can obtain medical information and be treated remotely.

– With the addition of high definition content sharing devices like PCs, DVDs, and high-resolution document cameras and devices, physicians and patients can now connect for training or diagnostic issues and be assured of the highest level of learning or care possible


Standard Video Conferencing Compared To High Definition

• To compare standard video conferencing to high definition video conferencing one needs to understand;– Resolution– Frame Rate & Format– Display Systems– Bandwidth– Audio Quality– Camera Design


Common SD and HD frame rates and format

Format Frames/Second Pixels (H x V) Aspect Ratio

Type

480p 24, 30, 60 345,600 (720 x 480) 4:3 SD

576p 24, 25, 50 414,720 (720 x 575) 4:3 SD

720p 24, 25, 30, 50, 60 921,600 (1280 x 720) 16:9 HD

1080i 25, 30 2,073,600 (1920 x 1080) 16:9 HD

1080p 24, 25, 30, 50, 60 2,073,600 (1920 x 1080) 16:9 HD


Industry Standard Terms and Resolutions

H V HxV Multiples Aspect

QCIF 176 144 25,344 1/4 4:3

CIF 352 288 101,376 1 4:3

2CIF or 1/2 D1 352 576 202,752 2 4:3

4CIF/D1 704 576 405,504 4 4:3

SD - 480i 720 480 345,600 3 4:3

ED - 480p 720 480 345,600 3 4:3

HD - 720p 1280 720 921,600 9 16:9

HD - 1080i/p 1920 1080 2,073,600 20 16:9

SVGA 800 600 480,000 4:3

XGA 1024 768 768,432 4:3

1280 1024 1,310,720 4:3


Resolutions Progression

CIF CIF 4CIF4CIF(4 X CIF)(4 X CIF)

HD HD (9 X CIF)(9 X CIF)


Display Systems

• A video conferencing system needs a display or projection device for maximizing visual output.

• With HD the aim was to double the horizontal and vertical resolution and increase the viewing angle from 10 degrees to 30 degrees horizontally and 20 degrees vertically. – 16:9 vs. traditional 4:3 screens– greater field of view significantly increases the sense of

“being there”.


High Definition Viewing

• More information on the screen with 16:9

4:3 Aspect Ratio 16:9 Aspect Ratio

20% more information


Sizing the Monitor

• Correct monitor selection will also require matching the size of the room and the average distance participants will sit from the monitor.

Screen Size 16:9 Viewing Distance

30 in. 6.25 ft.

34 in. 7.0 ft.

42 in. 8.75 ft.

50 in. 10.4 ft.

57 in. 11.9 ft.

60 in. 12.5 ft.

65 in. 13.5 ft.


HD Enriches the Visual Experience• Higher resolution

– Better picture quality = less fatigue

– Maintain attention and focus in a meeting• Enhanced clarity with motion

– Crisper images

– Ideal for large groups, classrooms, hand motions• Colors are sharper and more true to life

– Critical when color is a key determining factor

• Education content providers (underwater marine lab)

• Medical diagnosis (x-rays, skin rashes)

• Manufacturing (textiles, raw materials)• More diverse types of content

– High resolution photographs (blueprints) and richer content


Display benefits

• Users are amazed when they first experience the nuances of expression and gestures that are visible with high definition video conferencing.

• For healthcare purposes, the use of high definition video conferencing allows people to really SEE what they are viewing. – Observation of patient care, surgery, life monitors, and x-

ray films are examples of the content sources that will benefit from HD.

– Specialized educators in healthcare can provide continuing medical education at a distance by allowing physicians and nurses to participate in remote training sessions and truly experience all the nuances of patient care at the distant end.


Bandwidth

• Standard video conferencing systems used today operate at bandwidths ranging from 128 Kbps to 768 Kbps. – Historically been selected to minimize cost and because

additional bandwidth was not always available. • High definition video conferencing systems use a minimum

of 1 Mbps of bandwidth to operate effectively– 2 Mbps or better recommended to allow the use of

additional high definition content sharing devices like PCs, DVDs, or high-resolution document cameras.

• Quality of Service (QoS) for the network is a must to ensure consistent performance for the duration of video conferencing calls.


HD Defined

• Enhances productivity, effectiveness , and efficiency - an engaging life like experience with superior audio fidelity, video clarity, and detailed content that allow you to manage globally dispersed teams, speed time to market and build loyal relationships over distance

• Ensures a lifelike user experience everywhere- consistent premium experience from mobile, desktop, and conference room

• Enables the next generation of collaboration- conferencing, broadcasting, streaming and archiving


Current Challenges

• Knowledge transfer is critical for healthcare providers.

• Challenging problems include:– a shortage of skilled doctors and nurses, – a potential for global outbreaks of new diseases, – spiraling medical costs – and an aging population


HD Benefits • HD video conferencing ensures that medical professionals can

service patients remotely, obtain continuing medical education, and run the day-to-day business of hospitals without any loss of quality or care.

• Because the technology is so good, physicians and other care givers are able to see symptoms clearly and patients are able to relate to these professionals often from the comfort of their own home.

• Healthcare professionals can participate in training without physically being present, more professionals will be able to obtain continuing medical education at a distance and save time and money.

• Hospital administrators can accomplishing their jobs more effectively and efficiently by using HD video technology to interact with others as if in person, obtain detailed medical information, and not have to leave their primary office to travel from site-to-site for meetings.


What does the future hold?

• Video adoption growing• From the boardroom to

living room

- Bandwidth becoming pervasive

• Adoption demands better quality

• New and interesting types of applications

Thank you

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