ة �� ا���� �� ا����ل ا��ا��������ا��������

����ده�•�� � وه� ��ور�� . ا����ل ا������ة ��� ��.!-�, ا�*�(� �� ا�(+� ا&"*(�)�� ، �! � & %$#�"� ا�! ��

و%.-93 " ��8"أو " �!-ن" � 4 �- 3(2 �1$0 �� . و/�ه� )� ، ��� � �, ا�!4م ، �� ه;: ا�>��� ه;: ا�!(�� ��� �

ا�����" <�ار �- 3(2 ��� و">, . "���ن ا��� ا�����" <�ار �- 3(2 ��� و">, . "���ن ا��� � . ��دة "�.$�م ا����ل ا������ة �@ ا����ل ا��?����"�

& �-�D �� ا�(+� . ( %-�B ا���� ا�>A�A� �(��8 ا��?��� �� ) ����A% ����� 8#� ١٥ا&"*(�)�� F-ى ��A" ,<"و ،

,�.�F�F*�-�.�, أ� إ�

ة ا������� ��� ) أ���ل ٣(ا����ل ا�Primary helping verbs (3 verbs)

&/K أ"� ��!, أن haveو،do،beه;: ه� ا����ل •. "�.$�م ه;: ا����ل ا� �N4 آ�L��ل �����ة أو أ���ل ر?����. "�.$�م ه;: ا����ل ا� �N4 آ�L��ل �����ة أو أ���ل ر?����

O آ�L��ل �����ة، � O)!." ع-� � و�� ه;ا ا��-��$.�":�� ا�>�&ت ا�.����

Be

•to make continuous tensesإذا آ$# "�!�ث � �ء ��ث و� ��ال �����ا

He is watching TV. He is watching TV. .ه- ��1ه� ا�.(�)�-ن

• to make the passiveإذا آ$# "�!�ث �+�*( ا���)�ل

Small fish are eaten by big fish. .ا���Fك ا�V+��ة ُأِآ(2 �, 3#8 ا���Fك ا�!#��ة

Have

•to make perfect tenses

�.!-�, ا�*�(� ا�.���

•I have finished my homework.

�#D2 وا� .��A أ"

Do

•to make negatives ��)�

I do not like you.W#/أ"� & ا.W#/أ"� & ا.

• to ask questions�(�Xال

•Do you want some coffee? -ة؟ Aا� Z�� ���% 8ه

•to show emphasis 0/).ر ا��,آ��

I do want you to pass your exam..أ"� ��4 أر��ك أن %*B �� ا].#�رك

•to stand for a main verb in some constructions

"�68 ا�637 ا4.45 �23 ا���اآ�1 ا�$!��(

He speaks faster than she does. � .ه- �.>�ث أ�Fع �

ة ا� ��و�� ��� )أ���ل ١٠( ا����ل ا� )Modal helping verbs (10 verbs

�.+��� ا��1[�� ا������ة ا����ل "�.$�م و">, �� �.+��� ا��1[�� ا������ة ا����ل "�.$�م و">,�� ا��1[� وا���8 .ا�^!�ل �, �1!8 ا��?��� ا���8. ا`�!�"�� أو ا�_�ورة �, ��#�

ا����ل ا������

•can, could ����•may, might .�ر� •may, might .�ر�•will, would, �4ف•shall, should 1�� ، *;$�•must 1��•ought to ��!��� 1 أو��

����� ا���•

I can't speak Chinese أ�4<�� أن أ"!�ث ا�=*( ا�+�$�(• I can't speak Chinese أ�4<�� أن أ"!�ث ا�=*( ا�+�$�(•

�ن ر��. ��,?�• John may arrive late

Would you like a cup ه6 "��� آ,4. �� ا�B)�ة؟•of coffee?

6D7� You should see a أن "�ا � ا��آ��ر•doctor.

3� ��1 أن أذه1 اEن• .Fأ I really must go now.