- biosurfactants ppt
-
Upload
shital-sharma -
Category
Documents
-
view
1.112 -
download
66
Transcript of - biosurfactants ppt
![Page 1: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What are biosurfactants
• Microbial surface active agents.• Capable of changing surface active
phenomena as – • lowering of surface & interfacial
tensions,• Other functions.
![Page 2: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Characteristics of biosurfactants
• Biodegradability.• Low toxicity.• Biocompatibility.• Cheaper raw materials.• Production economics.• Application in environmental control.• Specificity• Effectiveness at extreme conditions.
![Page 5: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Classification of biosurfactants• According to- 1. structure 2. source
. According to source- Enzyme synthesized - Microbial synthesized
![Page 6: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biosurfactants produced by prokaryotic cells
• Rhamnose lipids• Produced by carbon sources-glycerol,ethanol,fructose,glucose,n-
alkanes,vegetable oils• wastes –mollases• pollutants- phenanthrene• waste vehicle oil
• Lowest interfacial tension – 0.2 mN/m• Good emulsifiers• Used for removal of copper and zinc
![Page 15: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other lipids
• Trehalose lipids.• Glucose lipids.• Sucrose lipids.• Ornithin containing lipids.• Surfactin• Pentasaccharide lipids.• Exopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers• High affinity for oil water interface• Emulsan-Acinetobacter calcoaeticus RAG-1
• Other biosurfactants.
![Page 16: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Biosurfactants by Eukaryotic cells
• Yeast biosurfactants• 1. Sophorose lipids- C. bombicola,C.
apicola,C.gropengiesseri• Linked by lactonic bond to sat or unsat FA• Sources –palmoil,rapeseed,linseed,safflower,soybean,animal fats yielding
higher than 340g/litre.• Novel sophorose lipids from C. bombicola using dodecanols.
• 2. Mannosylerythrotol lipids• C.antartica , total lipids reached 40g/litre• Reduces surface tension against n-tetradecane to 28mN/m.
![Page 17: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Enzyme synthesized biosurfactants
• Advantages- low energy requirement,minimal thrmal degradation,high biodegradability,high regioselectivity.
• Different routes for enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids• Glycolipid synthesis via sugar acetals, alkyl glycosides and glycosidase
catalysis.• High production cost but low recovery cost.
• Disadvantage• High enzyme costs, difficulty in solubilizing hydrophilic and hydrophobic
substrates.
![Page 18: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Biosurfactant production methods
• 1. Cell growth associated production.• Optimization of medium composition, environmental factors, reagents
addition for change in cell wall permeability, or detachment of cellwall bounded biosurfactants or induction by using lipophilic substrates.
• 2. Production by Growing cells under growth limiting conditions.
• Production under N limitation of N, multivalent cations,growth limiting environmental conditions.
• 3. Production by resting cells• Production by resting free cells, resting immobilized cells, immobilized
cells with product removal• Growing in prescence of precursors.
![Page 19: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Media formulation
• Carbon source :• N alkane or vegetable oil –Psuedomonas in rhamnolipid
production.
• Mixture of CH & hydrocarbons-Candida in sophorose lipids
• Whey concentrate & rapeseed oil –Candida bombicola.
![Page 20: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Nitrogen source:• Nitrogen exhausion- increased rhamnolipid & Sophorose production.• C/N ratio- controls production• Nitrate – maximum production in Rhodococcus sp
• Phosphate source :• Phosphate reduction caused increased production.
• Iron and manganese salts :• Increased surfactin yield in B. subtilis.
• Experimental conditions-pH , temperature, DO, ionic strength• Oxygen limited conditions 3 fold higher yield by Bacillus & psuedomonas.
• Inexpensive substrate• P.aeruginosa GS3 rhamnolipid production- molasses as C source and corn
steep liquor as N source.
![Page 21: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fermentation
• Batch /continuous fermentations• Air lift fermentors, aqueous 2 phase
fermentors• Solid state fermentations • 2 stage fed batch fermentors
![Page 22: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Product recovery
• Depends on ionic charge and solubility in water, whether extracellular or cell bound.
• Solvent extraction commonly used for purification using chloroform, methanol, acetic acid, ether , ethylacetate etc.
• Precipitation, Organic extraction, adsorption chromatography used• Concentration technique- water soluble surfactant• Methanol precipitation- biosurfactant from Nocardia sp• Acidification and chloroform/methanol extraction rhamnolipids by
Pseudomonas sp.• Ultracentrifugation and isoelectric precipitation – surfactin by B. subtilis.• Foam fractionation- lichenysin production by B. licheniformis.
![Page 23: - biosurfactants ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050619/552bb394550346870f8b4576/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Applications• Metals industry• Paper industry• Paint and protective coating• Petroleum products• Textiles• Building and construction• Agriculture• Plastics• Food and beverages• Industrial cleaning• Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals• Pollution control.