- Basic structural,

functional and

biological unit of

all organisms.

- Cells are the

smallest unit of

life that is

classified as a

living thing

- Often called the

"building blocks

of life"

CELLS – The basic unit of life

Cell Discovery

1665 – Robert Hooke viewed cork (dead

plant cells) under simple microscope

Coined the term “cellulae” – means small

rooms 1683 – Anton von

Leeuwenhoek

viewed first living

organisms under

microscope.

Cell Theory

1838 – Matthias Schleiden

◦ Studied plants

◦ Concluded ‘all plants are made of cells’

1839 – Theodore Schwann

◦ Studied animals

◦ Concluded ‘all animals are made of cells’

Allowed scientists to develop the cell theory….

Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of one or

more cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure of

all living things

3. Cells arise only from preexisting cells,

which cells passing genetic information

from one generation to the next.

Prokaryote

Primitive cell type that lacks a nucleus and

membrane-bound organelles

Which organisms have prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryote

advanced cell type with a nucleus

surrounding genetic material and other

membrane-bound organelles

Which organisms are eukaryotic?

Endosymbiotic

Theory Explains the origin

of eukaryotic cells.

Smaller prokaryotes

engulfed by larger

prokaryotes, lived in

symbiotic

relationships.

Unicellular

An organism consisting of a single cell

All bacteria, some protists, some fungi

Multicellular

An organism consisting of more than one

cell

Are multicellular organisms made up of

prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

Some protists,

some fungi, all

plants and all

animals

Cell Types

Cell structures differ from one organism

to another.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Bacteria Cell vs. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Bacterial Cell

Unique Structures:

◦ Cell Wall (outer)

◦ NO nucleus

◦ NO membrane bound organelles

◦ Free floating DNA

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Plant Cell

Unique Structures:

◦ Cell Wall (outer)

◦ Chloroplast – Photosynthesis

◦ Large central vacuole

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Animal Cell

Unique Structures:

◦ Cell Membrane (outer)

◦ Lysosomes

Prokaryotic or

Eukaryotic?

Organelle

Cells display organization.

Organelle: A differentiated structure

within a cell which performs a specific

function

Examples of

organelles?

Nucleus

Controls all cellular activities.

Contains the genetic information – DNA

“The brain”

What type of

cell has a nucleus?

Cell Membrane

Semi-permeable, double layer that

surrounds the cell.

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

“The bouncer”

Define

Semi-permeable.

Cell Wall

Composed of cellulose

Provides plants and other organisms with

protection and structure

Plants have cell walls.

Do plants have

cell membranes?

Chloroplasts

Contains chlorophyll (pigment)

Site of photosynthesis

Energy from sun food (glucose)

Cytoskeleton

Network of microtubules

Support and give structure to cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Carry proteins and other materials from one

part of the cell to another.

The smooth type of this organelle does

not contain ribosomes. The rough has

ribsomes attached.

“Cell Highway”

Golgi Apparatus

Multi-layered organelle near the nucleus

Used for packaging and transportation of

materials out of cell

“Post Office”

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes

Used to break down worn parts and waste

products in the cell.

Found only in animal cells.

“Garbage truck”

Mitochondria

Energy (ATP) producing organelles

Food (glucose) Energy

Site of cellular respiration

“Powerhouse”

“Mighty Mitochondria”

Ribosome

Extremely small, grain-like organelle

Produces proteins

Free in the cytoplasm or attached to the

ER

Vacuole

membrane-bound organelles

Used for storage

What is a

plant like when

its vacuoles

start to empty?

Cytoplasm

the gel-like substance in cells.

Constantly moving, used for transporting

materials

Guess the Cell

Bacteria Cell (E. coli)

Guess the Cell

Animal Cell (human cheek cell)

Guess the Cell

Plant Cell (Elodea)

Standards Check: What is the function of

the green organelle found in these cells?

Guess the Cell

Bacteria Cell

Guess the Cell

Plant Cell (Sunflower Leaf)

Taken with an electron microscope

Guess the Cell

Plant Cell (Potato)

What is the large purple spot in the cell?

Why are potato cells not GREEN?

This was taken with a

compound light

microscope.

The purple color is due

to a violet stain.

Guess the Organelle

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus of

Rabbit Epididymus- it is

not clear why the Golgi

is exceptional in these

epididymal cells.

The Golgi apparatus are

the large, circular

structures

This was taken with an

electron microscope.

Guess the Organelle

Lysosomes

Group of lysosomes

found in liver tissue.

You can also see

Mitochondria, Rough

ER, and the cell

membrane in this

photo.

Guess the Organelle

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

High magnification view of

rough endoplasmic reticulum

(RER) from rat pancreas cells.

This shows RER and

ribosomes, both bound (RiB)

and free (RiF)