Therapy

Based on Freud Through free-association, dreams, hypnosis

etc., the therapist and patient can gain insight and express previously repressed feelings

Lying on the couch stereotype

Psychoanalysis

Also influenced by Freud Focus on themes across relationships,

including childhood experiences

Psychodynamic therapy

Maslow and Rodgers Emphasizes people’s potential for self-growth Self-awareness and self-acceptance Focus on:

Present and future (rather than past) Conscious thoughts (rather than unconscious) Taking responsibility Growth; “clients” instead of “patients”

Humanistic Therapies

Paraphrase Invite Clarification Reflect Feelings

Focuses on removing troubling symptoms Applies learning principles Classical Conditioning

Counterconditioning Exposure therapies

Systematic desensitization Virtual reality

Aversive Conditioning

Behavior Therapies

Operant conditioning Token economy Assertiveness training

Nonassertive Aggressive Assertive

Situation 1 B A C 2 A C B 3 C B A 4 B A C 5 C B A 6 A C B 7 B A C 8 C A B 9 B C A

Our thinking influences our feelings So to change our feelings…?

Cognitive Therapies

Kinda like it sounds

Group and Family therapies

Research

Meta-Analysis Regression toward the mean

Psychotherapy’s effectiveness

Eye-movement Bee stings Trepanation Light Exposure

Alternative Therapies

Hope Perspective Trusting, caring relationship

Commonalities Among Therapies

Antipsychotic drugs

Calmed patients Block dopamine receptor sites (an excess of

dopamine is related to schizophrenia)

Drug Therapies

Antianxiety drugs

Depress nervous system activity Xanax

Antidepressant drugs

Increase serotonin Used to treat anxiety as well as depression Aerobic exercise is usually as effective

Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)

Has brutal reputation but does work, especially in treating depression

Results in seizures and short-term memory loss

Brain Stimulation

Lobotomy

Surgery

Incidences of mental illness have been

increasing. Is society to blame?

Prevention of Psychological Disorders