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GEOGRAPHY
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atlasA book containing maps and charts.
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compass roseA compass rose is a design on a map that shows direction. It points which way is north, south, east, west, and some intermediate directions on the map.
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Latitude is the angular distance north or south from the equator to a particular location. The equator has a latitude of zero degrees. The North Pole has a latitude of 90 degrees North; the South Pole has a latitude of 90 degrees South.
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Longitude is the angular distance east or west from the north-south line that passes through Greenwich, England, to a particular location. Greenwich, England has a longitude of zero degrees. The farther east or west of Greenwich you are, the greater your longitude. The Midway Islands (in the Pacific Ocean) have a longitude of 180 degrees (they are on the opposite side of the globe from Greenwich).
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The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth, halfway between the north and south poles.
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prime meridianThe prime meridian (0 degrees longitude) is the meridian that passes through Greenwich, England
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keyThe key of a map (also called the legend) is a small table accompanying the map that explains the symbols that are used on the map.
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political mapA political map is a map that shows cultural features, like the political boundaries of countries, states, provinces, and cities.
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physical mapA physical map is a map that shows an areas natural physical features, like mountains, lakes, and rivers.
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Thematic maps: emphasize a particular theme (such as rainfall, life expectancy). They are different from other maps because they don’t just show rivers, cities, countries, states, etc.
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relief mapA relief map is a topographic map that uses different colors or shades to indicate elevations.
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archipelagoAn archipelago is a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or ocean. EX: Hawaii, Japan, Galapagos Islands, Indonesia.
Key Terms
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atollAn atoll is a ring (or partial ring) of coral that forms an island in an ocean or sea. Examples: Bikini Atoll, Midway Atoll.
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bayA bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a gulf).
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A cape is a pointed piece of land that sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake, or river. Ex: Cape Cod, MA. , Cape Town/ Cape Point, South Africa.
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channelA channel is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water (like the English Channel). A channel is also a part of a river or harbor that is deep enough to let ships sail through.
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deltaA delta is a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It in the river and are deposited in the delta. A delta is often is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream (but not always) shaped like a triangle (hence its name, delta, a Greek letter that is shaped like a triangle).
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gulfA gulf is a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it is usually larger than a bay).
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islandAn island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water.
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peninsulaA peninsula is a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides
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riverA river is a large, flowing body of water that usually empties into a sea or ocean.
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straitA strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.