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![Page 1: An oscillating or vibrating motion in which a point or body moves back and forth along a line about a fixed central point produces waves. An oscillating.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/5697c01b1a28abf838ccf7ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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An oscillating or vibrating motion in which a point or body moves back and forth along a line about a fixed central point produces waves.
An oscillating or vibrating system acts as the source of waves which transfer energy from one point to another (without transferring mass).
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Examples of waves:(a)Light waves are produced as a
result of vibrations of electrons in an atom.
(b)Sound waves are produced by vibrating mechanical bodies such as guitar strings or tuning fork.
(c) Water waves are produced by a disturbance (or vibration) on a still water surface.
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A wavefront is a line or plane on which the vibrations of every points on it are in phase and are at the same distance from the source of the wave.
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WAVE FRONTWAVE FRONT
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When a wave travels through a medium,the particles of the medium vibrate about their equilibrium positions.
However, the particles of the medium do not travel in the direction of the wave.
A wave transfer energy and the momentum from the source of the wave
( the oscillating or vibrating system) to the surrounding.
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o A transverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at right angle ( perpendicular) to the direction of propagation of the wave.
o Example of transverse waves are water waves and light waves.
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Transverse Waves
A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction which the wave moves.
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A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is along (parallel to) the direction of propagation of the wave.
Direction of waves propagation and direction of vibration
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The amplitude, A, of a vibrating system is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position. It is measure of height of the wave crest or depth of the wave trough.
The period, T, or a vibrating system is the time taken to complete an ascillation.
A complete oscillation may be referred as the movement of a vibrating system from one extreme position to the other and back to the same position.
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Oscillating System• Oscillating system consists of:
– Amplitude– Period– Frequency– Wavelength– Wave speed
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Displacement – Time Graph
Peak
Period
s/cm
t/s
Amplitude, a
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Displacement – Distance Graph
Peak
Wavelength
s/cm
x/cm
Amplitude, a
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Frequency, fNumbers of oscillation in one second.
Unit : Hertz (Hz)
f = 1T
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A
B
C
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Wave Speed, v• Wave speed, v depends on
wavelength, and frequency, f.
• Wave speed, v = f» Velocity = wavelength x frequency
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1) If the vibration of a wave are at right angles to the direction of the wave, it is called a _____________ wave. An example of this type of wave is ____________.
2) If the vibration of a wave are along the direction of the wave, it is called a ___________ wave. An example of this type of wave is _______________.
3) Given a string tied to a pole, how would you shake the string in order to produce
(a) a transverse wave?
(b) A longitudinal wave?
4) A wave carries energy from ____________ to _______________, without any transferring of the _________________.
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5) The wavelength of a wave is the ______________ between two successive ______________ or ______________.
6) The frequency is the number of ________________ oscillations made in _____________ second. The unit for frequency is _______________.
7) The velocity of wave is equal to ______________ multiplied by _______________.
8) The time taken for a vibrating system to make a complete oscillation is known as ______________.
9) The number of complete oscillation made by a vibrating system is known as ___________________.
10)The distance traveled by a wave in one second is known as ______________.
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