ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ
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Transcript of ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ
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ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕОСНОВЫОСНОВЫ
НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИНАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Профессор Н.Г. Профессор Н.Г. РамбидиРамбиди
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14. Национальная 14. Национальная нанотехнологическая нанотехнологическая
инициатива СШАинициатива СШАи ее международные и ее международные
следствияследствия
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NSF – National Science FoundationNSF – National Science FoundationNEC – National Economic CommissionNEC – National Economic CommissionDOD – Department of DefenseDOD – Department of DefenseDOC – Department of CommerceDOC – Department of CommerceDOE – Department of EnergyDOE – Department of EnergyDOT – US Department of TransportationDOT – US Department of TransportationDoTREAS – Department of TreasuryDoTREAS – Department of TreasuryOSTP – Office of Science and Technology PolicyOSTP – Office of Science and Technology PolicyNSTC – National Science and Technology CouncilNSTC – National Science and Technology CouncilOMB – Office of Management and BudgetOMB – Office of Management and BudgetNASA – National Aeronautic and Space NASA – National Aeronautic and Space Administration AdministrationNIH – National Institute of HealthNIH – National Institute of Health
ННИ : организации соучредители
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Структура ННИСтруктура ННИ
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The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large
structures with fundamentally new molecular structures with fundamentally new molecular organization … organization …
Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit systems whose structures and components exhibit
novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes and biological properties, phenomena, and processes
due to their nanoscale size. The aim is to exploit due to their nanoscale size. The aim is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and these properties by gaining control of structures and
devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and
use these devices. Maintaining the stability of use these devices. Maintaining the stability of interfaces, and the integration of these interfaces, and the integration of these
"nanostructures" at the micron-length scale and "nanostructures" at the micron-length scale and macroscopic scale is another objective.macroscopic scale is another objective.
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ННИ – основные ННИ – основные направлениянаправления
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Нанотехнология: Нанотехнология: финансирование до 2000 гфинансирование до 2000 г
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ННИ: финансирование ННИ: финансирование 2001 г2001 г
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ННИ: финансирование ННИ: финансирование 2001г2001г
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Некоторые результатыНекоторые результаты
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Опреснение морской Опреснение морской водыводы
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Молекулярная Молекулярная оперативная памятьоперативная память
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Наноструктурированные Наноструктурированные катализаторыкатализаторы
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Наночастицы доставляют Наночастицы доставляют лекарстволекарство
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Полимеры с дисперснымПолимеры с дисперснымнаполнителемнаполнителем
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ДНК диагностикаДНК диагностика
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Нанотехнология и энергетикаНанотехнология и энергетика
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D.D. KoellingD.D. KoellingBasic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences
May 15, 2002May 15, 2002
Nanoscience ActivitiesNanoscience Activitiesin Basic Energy Sciencesin Basic Energy Sciences
BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future
<With special thanks to Walter J. Stevens><With special thanks to Walter J. Stevens>
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NNI FY 2003 Funding RequestsNNI FY 2003 Funding RequestsDOE is one of the three lead agenciesDOE is one of the three lead agencies
National Nanotechnology Initiative(NNI Coordination Office compilation, as of 1/18/02)
FY 2003
221.0201.0133.0
678.7
NSFDODDOE
TOTAL NNI
(Dollars in millions)
117.4All other agencies
+ up to $15M in FY 02 *
* Excludes funding for synchrotron light source and neutron scattering facility operations and beamlines.
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National Nanotechnology Initiative Focus AreasNational Nanotechnology Initiative Focus Areas
Long-term, fundamental nanoscience and engineering research FY 2001: BES awarded $26.5M in new NNI funds based on peer review --
76 university grants ($16.1M) and 12 laboratory awards ($10.4M) FY 2002: BES may award up to $15M based on peer review
340 university proposals + 37 national lab proposals under review FY 2003 (Request)
BES $93M for research + $35M for construction and PED(including ~$3.0M for Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience)
ASCR $4M (including $3.0M for support of Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience)
FY 2004: …
Centers and networks of excellence BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers – the DOE “flagship” NNI activity
Research infrastructure BES supports the synchrotron light sources, neutron scattering facilities, and other
specialized facilities in support of nanoscale science
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Some Interesting ChallengesSome Interesting Challenges
Nanoparticles contain between hundreds and billions of atoms.Nanoparticles contain between hundreds and billions of atoms.Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo atomic studies can deal with Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo atomic studies can deal with billions of atoms. billions of atoms.Density Functional Theory can deal with the electrons of up to a Density Functional Theory can deal with the electrons of up to a thousand atoms. thousand atoms.Quantum Monte Carlo calculations can deal with the electrons more Quantum Monte Carlo calculations can deal with the electrons more closely correlating their motions up to ~150 atoms. closely correlating their motions up to ~150 atoms.Quantum Chemical calculations describe that correlated motion for Quantum Chemical calculations describe that correlated motion for smaller numbers of atoms (50?) smaller numbers of atoms (50?)
Nanoparticles contain “countable” numbers of atoms.Nanoparticles contain “countable” numbers of atoms.We probably will do the atomistic calculations.We probably will do the atomistic calculations.We also will use the larger scale descriptions --- but now we can We also will use the larger scale descriptions --- but now we can benchmark them! benchmark them!
Nanoparticles are dynamic entities --- here is where the community will have to Nanoparticles are dynamic entities --- here is where the community will have to confront the limitations of different time scales. confront the limitations of different time scales.
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Some Computational IssuesSome Computational Issues
Eigensystems and Linear Algebra for very large NEigensystems and Linear Algebra for very large NO(N) approachesO(N) approachesSparseSparse
Fast Algorithms (FFT, FMM, • • • • )Fast Algorithms (FFT, FMM, • • • • )- Fast Poisson Solver- Fast Poisson Solver
OptimizationOptimization
Changing Time and Length ScalesChanging Time and Length Scales
Data Visualization/MiningData Visualization/Mining
A workshop has been recently held (most slides were stolen from there) and a A workshop has been recently held (most slides were stolen from there) and a report will be out shortly. Some items that mix my own thoughts with those report will be out shortly. Some items that mix my own thoughts with those discussed there ----discussed there ----
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NSRCs:
Research facilities for synthesis, processing, and fabrication of nanoscale materials
Co-located with existing user facilities (synchrotron radiation light sources, neutron scattering facilities, other specialized facilities) to provide characterization and analysis capabilities
Operated as user facilities; available to all researchers; access determined by peer review of proposals
Provide specialized equipment and support staff not readily available to the research community
Conceived with broad input from university and industry user communities to define equipment scope
NSRCs have been extensively reviewed by external peers and by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee
Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs)Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs)
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NSRCs ( ) and the BES User FacilitiesNSRCs ( ) and the BES User Facilities
Under construction
In design/engineering
In design/engineering
Advanced Light Source
Stanford Synchrotron
Radiation Lab
National Synchrotron Light Source
Advanced Photon Source
National Center for Electron
Microscopy
Shared Research Equipment Program
Center for Microanalysis of
Materials
Electron Microscopy Center for Materials
Research
High-Flux Isotope Reactor
Intense Pulsed Neutron Source
Combustion Research Facility
James R. MacDonald Lab
Pulse Radiolysis Facility
Materials Preparation Center
Surface Modification & Characterization
Center
Los Alamos Neutron Science
Center
Center for Nanophase
Materials Sciences
Spallation Neutron Source
Linac Coherent Light Source
Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies
MolecularFoundry
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The Molecular FoundryThe Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
O O
O
OO
O OO O OO OO
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
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PO
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21st Century Challenge
Combine nanoscale building blocks to make functional devices, e.g., a photosynthetic reaction center with integral semiconductor storage
Unique tools and capabilities: Advanced Light Source National Center for Electron Microscopy National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Nationally unique facilities, such as the
e-beam nanowriter – nanofabrication facility Outstanding faculty and students in multidisciplinary
research, including materials science • physics • chemistry • biochemistry • biomolecular materials • engineering
Scientific focus areas: Combination of “soft” and “hard” materials/building units Multicomponent functional assemblies
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ННИ: перспективыННИ: перспективы
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ННИ: финансирование ННИ: финансирование 2005 г2005 г
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Нанотехнология Нанотехнология и Министерство и Министерство обороны СШАобороны США
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Нанотехнология Нанотехнология и ВМФ СШАи ВМФ США
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Нанаотехнология и Нанаотехнология и космические космические исследованияисследования
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Международная Международная активностьактивность
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Европейская активностьЕвропейская активность
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FP6 NanoMatPro (NMP)FP6 NanoMatPro (NMP)
The new Work Programme 2004- 2nd Call opportunities
Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, and new production processes and devices - NMP
Nicholas HartleyDG Research, Unit G-1 “Policy Aspects”
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Focusing and Integrating ERA 13345• Pr 1 genomics and biotech for health 2255• Pr 2 information society technologies 3625• Pr 3 nanotech, intelligent mat, production nanotech, intelligent mat, production 1300 1300• Pr 4 aeronautics and space 1075• Pr 5 food safety and health risks 685 • Pr 6 sustainable dev & global change 2120• Pr 7 citizens and governance 225• Pr 8 anticipating needs (INCO, CRAFT, JRC, etc) 2080
Structuring the ERA 2605research & innovation, human resources, infrastructures, science & society
Strengthening the Foundations of ERA 320coordination of activities, development of policies
TOTAL (Millions €)
FP6:FP6:Budget 2002 – 2006 Budget 2002 – 2006
(excluding Euratom)(excluding Euratom)
16270
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Thematic Priority 3 concentrates on:
i) Nanotechnology, as a flagship of the next industrial revolution
ii) Multi-functional knowledge-based Materials, as critical drivers of innovation
iii)New Production processes and devices, as the key to sustainable development
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Focus on:
Self-organisation and self-assembling (STREP) Molecular motors (STREP) Expanding knowledge in size-dependent phenomena (SSA) New knowledge on interfaces for new applications (STREP) Nanostructured surfaces (IP) Industrially relevant production of nanoparticles (IP) Characterisation and/or manipulation devices & techniques (STREP) Impact on human health and environment (SSA; CA) Ethical, legal, social aspects of research in nanotechnology (SSA)
AREA 1: AREA 1: Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
WP 2004 and next callsWP 2004 and next callsNext Call 2004
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Нанотехнология в ЯпонииНанотехнология в Японии
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Последние результатыПоследние результаты
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Автомобиль без водителяАвтомобиль без водителя
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Автомобиль без водителяАвтомобиль без водителя
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Автомобиль без водителяАвтомобиль без водителя