1946 , – ..
. . 1996 .
ODESSA STATE ACADEMY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING • UKRAINIAN ACADEMY
OF ARCHITECTURE • BUILDING ACADEMY OF UKRAINE • UKRAINE ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING • UKRAINE UNION OF ARCHITECTS
ICOMOS • UNESCO • ICCROM • EUROPA NOSTRA
ARCHITECTURE CHRONO-EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL FORMS, CONSTRUCTIONS AND MATERIALS
I I I I I I • I I • I I • I
I • I II ICOMOS • UNESCO • ICCROM • EUROPA NOSTRA
I I I
ICOMOS • UNESCO • ICCROM • EUROPA NOSTRA
,
.. 67 . , , . /
– : - «Optimum», 2014. – 670 ., 738 .
ISBN 978-966-344-319-5
, , , , , : , , , .
.
Vadym A. Lisenko. L 67 Architecture. Chronoevolution of architectural shapes, structures and materials. Monograph /
Vadym A. Lysenko – Odessa, publ. house «Optimum», 2014. – 670 p., 738 il.
The main stages of architecture development and its ontology in chronoevolutionary aspect are been regarded in the Monograph (t XVII c.). Ways of the transition to scientifically-based methods of bringing into logical harmony of the existing architectural history division into periods are been proposed, as well as the alternative hypothesis of the architectural shapes, structures, materials and technologies evolution.
The Monograph main sections were reported and published at the international conferences and workshops in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, France, Bulgaria and Germany within the framework of the national and international organizations such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, Europa Nostra, ICCROM etc.
The Monograph was reviewed by the leading local and foreign scientists and recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the Odessa State Academy of Building and Architecture.
84(4=)6.
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works study of historians and architectural theorists, scientists, writers and travellers, as well as the author’s own research. The transition to scientifically-based correction methods (bringing into correspondence, logical harmony) of the
existing traditional (classical, orthodox) periodization of architectural history, the alternative hypothesis development of the architectural shapes, structures, materials and technologies evolution.
Tasks set by author while writing the monograph: • To find out and truly substantiate (using the based-on the architecture historians’, archaeologists’, travellers’
and writers’ works experience, as well as the author’s own research) existed since the beginning of the19th century uniformistic system discrepancies of the architectural shapes and structures periodization, looking from the ontology position (proto-architecture, Ancient Egypt, the Middle East, the Ancient World, the European Middle Ages and proto-Renaissance).
• To point and critically analyse the base methods of listed buildings age determination and identification: built time, style, tectonics, material and preservation level.
• To show the restoration and reconstruction works influence on the architectural monument evolution, as well as the possibility of its accurate scientific identification.
• To study the possible distortion effect on the architectural and art monuments attribution: unbethought mistakes, planned falsifications, incorrect approach and experts’ errors.
• To outline the basic study directions, needed to provide correction of the classical periodization of historical monuments of architecture and construction, along with the scientifically-based approaches to create the alternative history of the architectural shapes, structures and materials evolution.
Within the bounds of the canonical architectural history as the science, any fact, event, building, structure and date, not validating the existing scenario of the architectural shapes, structures and technologies evolution, announced by the traditional approach, is being thoroughly hided from the scientific community, as well as from the public.
This monograph gradually reveals the arguments fragility, on which are based the encyclopaedias and text-books explanations, uncover the true motives, and at the same time provides a lot of facts and arguments, testifying to the contrary, that was too long and persistently concealed. Analysis of the numerous facts from different eras and geographical regions, conducted by the author, based generally on the primary sources, gives both researchers and ordinary people a clear and correct view of the world’s architecture history.
• The real facts are not properly and objectively highlighted within the existing educational system. • The authors-traditionalists system of values is based on their commitment to a certain narrow professional
architectural-historical school. • Pure unfiltered through the historians-traditionalists’ system of ideological views information is needed. Many of
them are the teachers, authors of monographs, text-books and teaching television programmes, people who really control everything that forms our knowledge (experience) in the architectural field.
• The extensive materials usage from traditional scientific sources allows the reader as well as the author, to be sure that no statement is taken out of context.
• Recommended reading list and illustrations selection are made in the French historical school ‘Annales’ scientific manner.
• Some freestyle of the French scientists towards the footnotes and illustrations is well-known (Umberto Eco ‘The name of the Rose’, 1980; Andrey Dobrolubsky, 2012). I apologize to the Reader for this freestyle resulting from following that tradition.
• The author took some courage to write this book, and no less courage will be needed from you, dear Reader, to read it.
ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ. ÕÐÎÍÎÝÂÎËÞÖÈ ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÍÛÕ ÔÎÐÌ, ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÎÂ
9
Primus sapientiae gradus est falsa intellegere. – ().
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1 Assumption and myth in physical theory, F.R.S. Cambrige University Press, 1967.


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ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ. ÕÐÎÍÎÝÂÎËÞÖÈ ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÍÛÕ ÔÎÐÌ, ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÎÂ
11
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1 . Plommer: Vitruvius and Later Roman Building. Manuas. Cambridge University Press, London, 1973. 117 pp.
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2 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (translated by M.MORGAN, Oxford, 1914) The Ten Books of Architecture. Dover, New York, I960, 331 p.
3 G.Guarini: Architettura Civile. Edizion Polibilio, Milan, 1968. 471 p.

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1 The Skethbook of Villard de Honnecourt. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1966, 144 p.p. Facsimile of manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
- , . « 641 . ( «» – , , . , - XVI . – .), 1453 . ... , 431 . . ( ). - ( ? .., , – .)... , (), ( - , )». , , – , . « . , , . , ... ». X-XV . - : , , . « ( ? – .) - ». , , – , – , .. () - . « ... (!?) , - «» (, , ). 1400 , ». : . , , 1174 . , ( 1450 .), «» (, 1472 .), - ( 1486 .), – «» «» - (1486 .), (1516 .) – , .. : « - . , , , ». - ( -) , : 2 , , - , () - . «» . , , - – . – , - , . 1521 . ( ) , , , – , , - . , (?), 1386 ., , 1520-21 . ; 1756-1779 ., - 1805-1813 ., – 1858 .3 .., , «» XIX . ( , , «»). - , , . () (), , XIX . 4 – : .
2 The Sketchbook of Villard de Honuecourt: Indiana Universiry Press, Bloomington, 1966. 144 p.
3 P. Frankl. The Gothic – Literary Sources and Interpretation through Eight Centuries. Princeton University Press, Princeton (N.J.), 1960, 916 p.p.
4 J. Harwey: The Master Builders – Architecture in the Middle Ages. London, 1971, 144 pp.
ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÀ. ÕÐÎÍÎÝÂÎËÞÖÈ ÀÐÕÈÒÅÊÒÓÐÍÛÕ ÔÎÐÌ, ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÎÂ
13
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, , (, «» «»), ! , , , , - , ; , – … , , , - , . I , III – Notre Dame; , … , Notre Dame (.. - «» XIX . – .) , , …». , , : «… ( , Tower – .) , . ( XIX . – .) , , … , , , Sommerset- House, ». , . , 1304-1450 ( , ?), - , (? ?) XVIII XIX ., 1945 .
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1 .. . . . « », . 4. 2 W.J. M.Rankinc: Manual of Applied Mechanics. 1858. Quoted by Timoshenko
History of Strength of Materials. Mc Graw-Hill. Neu York, 1953, 452 pp.
, , - , , .3 --4 , – - , , , ;5 « . , --» ( , - « » XIX . – .). , -- (1814-1879) .. : … « (-- – .) ( , , , , ), , . ». - , «-», 1:180 1:144 ,6 1:157 , : « - – , – «», «» ..? (. ) , 1316 . « , (, – , , «» -- ? – .). , , ». , , XIX . – , , ... « 1861 . , . , , -- ,8 … … «» , , - (.., , – .)… , , , (.., , « « » – , , . – .). ( ? – .). , , (?! – .) --». , XIX . (--, . , .) - , , . , , «» (, ) - - . , , . « , .
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3 P.Frankl: The Gothic – Literary Sources and Interpretation through Eight centuries. Princeton University Press, Princeton (N.J.), 1960, 916 p.p.; J. Heyman: On the rubber vaults of the Middle Ages, and other matters. Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Vol. 63 (1968), p.p. 177-188.
4 E.E. Violet-Le-Duc: Dictionnaire Raisonne de l’Architecture du XVI-e Siecle. Paris 1858-1868. Ten volumes.
5 P. Abraham: Violet-Le-Duc et le Rationalisme Midicval. Freal. Paris, 1934, 116 pp. 6 R.Mark: The structural analysis of Gothic cathedrals. Scientific American, November,
1972 pp. 90-99; R.Mark, J.Fabel and K.O’Neill: Photoelastic and finite-element analysis of a quadriplate vault. Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 13 (1973) pp. 322-329; R.Mark and M.I.Wolfe: The Collapse of the Beauvais Vaults of 1284. Working Paper. No 14. Princeton University Princeton (N.J.). 1975, 23 pp.
7 E.Fumagalti. Statical and Geomechanical Models. Springer, Vienna, 1973, 182 pp. 8 Sir G.G. Scott: Lectures on the Rise and Development of Medieval Architecture
Delivered at the Royal Academy. London, 1879. Lecture XV pp. 212-213.

14
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