4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids.

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Biochemistry- Macromolecules 4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Transcript of 4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids.

Carbohydrates

Biochemistry-Macromolecules4 typesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic AcidsThis power point presentation was designed to go with my unit on Biochemistry Boxing. The unit involves three active, competitive, hands-on games that I have developed using printable boxes that can be easily constructed and used for many years. It also includes a detailed lesson plan and corresponding worksheets. You can visit my store at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Brad-Grey to preview the unit and see more free products.

1Carbohydrates2Function of CarbohydratesEnergy source!!!Energy is stored in the C-H bondsPlant StructureCellulose is a carbohydrate found in the cell wall of plantsWe can eat cellulose, but we cant break it down and use it for energyIt is a source of dietary fiber

Carbohydrate StructureSubunit is sugar, a simple carbohydrateSugars end in -ose

Many sugars linked together makes starch, a complex carbohydrate

Structure (continued)Contain C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Example: GlucoseC6H12O6 6:12:6 = 1:2:1

Carbs are also called saccharidesMonosaccharide 1 sugar

Disaccharide 2 sugars

Polysaccharide many sugars

Carbohydrate ExampleFoods high in CarbohydratesBread, Cereal, Pasta, PotatoLipidsFunction Long term energy storage- Fats have more energy than carbs- Our bodies store unused energy in fatForm cell membranesSteroid hormones (testosterone)

StructureLipids are NONPOLAR and cannot dissolve in water!Subunit is fatty acid 3 long chains of C and H Elements included C, H, O and some have P

Structure (continued)Saturated (all single bonds)

Usually solids, like butterUnsaturated (1 or more double bonds)

Usually liquids, like oil

Lipid ExamplesFats, oils, and waxescholesterol and hormones

ProteinFunction of Proteins1.) Structural:Collagen:Forms cartilage and tendonsKeratin:Forms hair2.) Functional:Some transport things (hemoglobin transports oxygen)ENZYMES end with ase (catalase)Help chemical reactions by speeding them up; This is very important for bodily functions, like metabolism

Protein StructureProteins are made of subunits called amino acids (AA)There are 20 (AA).The average protein has 100 AA

Example of food high in proteinSteak, Chicken, Insects, Eggs, nuts

Nucleic AcidsFunction of Nucleic AcidsStore and transmit genetic information.Direct the formation (synthesis) of new proteins

Structure of Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids are made up of NucleotidesNucleotides have 3 partsSugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base5 types of nitrogenous basesAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine(DNA only), Uracil (RNA only)

Examples of Nucleic AcidsDNA-Deoxyribonucleic acidRNA-Ribonucleic acid3 main types of RNAmRNA(messenger)- takes genetic information to the ribosometRNA(transfer)- carries amino acids for protein synthesisrRNA(ribosomal)-makes up ribosome and aid in protein synthesis.