Early, EARLY “Church” HistoryWHY study the History of “The Church”?

Curiosity about our “Family History”: Where do I fit in?

Why do churches “do church” differently? Why do I believe what I do?

Learn the difference between “Church Roots” and “Biblical Roots”

Evolution of the Word: “Church”Hebrew Greek Latin English

Edah: congregation of God’s righteous who agreed to follow God (1st use: at Mt Sinai, Ex 19)(LXX: ekklesia)

Kahal: assembly of God’s righteous for religious purposes: feasts, worship, war. The body of believers when Messiah regathers from all corners of world. (LXX: ekklesia)

synagogue: (bring together) an assembly for worship, and other public purposes. Later, became a designation of Jewish assembly in contrast to ecclesia, to denote the Christian church

ekklesia: any gathering of people, [town council, even a mob].

Later, came to denote the gathering of believers (jew and gentile) in a community (“church”)

312.Constantine: In this sign ( ) conquer,

a combination of church and state (a political entity: Holy Roman Empire)

Christendom

KJV Translation rule #3:Ekklesia to be translated “church” (German), so that King James may be the head of it.

A building for public Christian worship (middle ages)

Later, an ecclesiastical organization, as distinguished from the state (Roger Williams)

A local congregation of believers in Jesus

Evolution of “Church” Models Master Narrative Parting of the Ways Ways that NEVER Parted

100-1934Church Triumphant

Replacement TheologyEuropean, Gentile Christianity

1934, James ParkesThe Conflict of the Church &

Synagogue

~ 1970+The Jewishness of JesusNew Perspective on Paul

Roman CatholicReformed Theology

DispensationalEvangelical

Messianic JudaismHebrew Roots

The GROWING “Church” Apostolic Fathers60-100

62 Rome Paul Exonerated by Rome. Departs for Spain?

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James Martyred. Replaced as Leader by Symeon, cousin of Jesus & James.63 Rome

Jerusalem

Peter Writes Gospel of Mark, 1 Peter.Hebrews written by (Luke? Clement? ?)Roman rule established in the Holy City: Higher taxes, torture.Emperor Caligula orders his statue to be erected in every temple in empire.

64 RomePhilippi

Jerusalem

PeterPaul

Martyred by NeroWrites Titus, 1 Timothy

Zealots wield considerable influence among the Jews

65 Rome PaulLuke

Arrested, writes 2 TimothyWrites Luke-Acts

66 Jerusalem Great Revolt Roman soldiers “exposed themselves” in Temple, burn Torah scroll. Florus, last Roman procurator, steals vast quantities of silver from the Temple.

The PERSECUTION of Jews (& Gentile Believers)67 Rome

Gamla

Paul

Zealots

Martyred by Nero

Rome wipes out zealot HQ in Gamla

68 RomeIsrael

Nero “mad man”..Forces believers to deny Jesus or die. Commits suicide.60K Roman troops start in Galilee, killing/enslaving 100K Jews over next few years.

69 Jerusalem

Yavneh

Pella

Rabbinic Judaism

Civil War (“baseless hatred”) between Jews. Zealots burn entire dry food supply trying to force ALL Jews to fight against Rome.R. Yochanan ben Zakkai, escapes Jerusalem (coffin) to Yavneh.2nd Temple Judaism begins to morph into RABBINIC Judaism. Soon will need to re-brand, search for identity as rabbis develop a life without the Temple. No anti-Nazarene policy until after Bar-Kochba Revolt.

When Titus temporarily withdraws troops from surrounding Jrslm (he has to return to Rome when his father, Vespasian, is made Caesar), 30-40K Notzrim flee to Pella (as per Jesus’ instructions in Luke 21)

70 Jerusalem Destruction Titus sieges Jerusalem, entered Holy of Holies: City & Temple burned (9th of Av). Detailed by Josephus [Jewish historian/turncoat to Rome],in Jewish Wars.

71 Rome Titus Triumphant march into Rome.73 Masada

Jerusalem

Zealots

Nazarenes

Roman X Legion finishes off last pocket of Jewish resistance remaining from Great Revolt.

Return from Pella to re-build ruins of Jerusalem. Rejected as disloyal “traitors” by unbelieving Jews bc they left during Civil War.

81 Rome Colosseum built with Jewish slave labor, spoils from the Temple.Arch of Titus, depicts victory over Jewish Revolts

83-89 Ephesus John Writes 1, 2, 3 John. Little children, love one anotherBattled DOCETISM: That Jesus only “appeared” to be human flesh

95 Rome ClementBishop of RomeDisciple of Peter

writes 1 Clement to ekklesia at Corinth to embrace humility , unity, repentance toward leaders (on account of the “church” split)

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Israel Domitian

Rabbis

Anti-Jewish legislation. Christianity declared illegal. Great Persecution

Amidah Prayer. Add 19th clause against “heretics” (Nazarenes, Jewish believers?). Birkat Ha Minim.

96 PatmosRome

JohnDomitian

Exiled. Writes RevelationDies

97 Ephesus John Writes Gospel of John98 Rome Trajan Becomes Emperor

100 YavnehEphesus

RabbisJohn

Firm up Hebrew canonLast apostle dies

Major Issues: Persecution [Danger comes from OUTSIDE the assemblies],

Confusion [ WITHIN the Church]: Authority, Unity, Truth [False teachers abound. No official collection of NT books yet]

The “CHURCH”: Caught in a “Perfect” Storm100-200

115 Antioch IgnatiusDisciple of

Peter, John, Paul

Bishop of Antioch

Martyred by wild beasts in Roman

coliseum, to discourage

Christianity (illegal religion) from

spreading

Against JUDAIZERS: Messianic Jews should not be regarded as Jewish- as believers, wrong for them to continue their Jewish lifestyle.“To profess Jesus Christ while continuing to follow Jewish customs is an absurdity. The Christian faith does not look to Judaism, but Judaism looks to Christianity” –epistle to the Magnesians (1:11)

Let us therefore no longer keep the Sabbath after the Jewish manner, and rejoice in days of idleness...but let every one of you keep the Sabbath in a spiritual manner, not in relaxation, not in eating things prepared the day before, not in finding delight in dancing and clapping which have no sense in them--Ficus Judaicus

Encouraged Jews to CONVERT to Christianity…opposite of 1st Century!

Maintained that Jesus was both man AND GodTrend to increasing church order. Held to idea of only ONE bishop over all the Church (unlike Clement of Rome).Can’t hold church feast without a bishop’s approval.

116 Jerusalem Hadrian Renames Jerusalem, “Aelia Capitolina”. Builds Temple to Jupiter117 Rome Hadrian Becomes Emperor. Allows Jews to return to Jerusalem.123 Israel Hadrian Jewish unrest: Bans synagogues, circumcision, Sabbath, feasts in

Jerusalem: making Judaism de facto illegal.132-135 Israel 2nd Jewish

Revolt-----

Bar Kochba Revolt

Rabbi Akiva: Only way Israel can survive is to bring in “messiah”!Messianic Jews cannot accept BK as messiah. MJ rejected by unbelieving Jews.Last battle (9th of Av). Plowed Jerusalem with yoke of oxen. Israel changed to Syria Palestina.Diaspora: ALL Jews expelled from Jerusalem for 100 yrs, forbidden to gather in synagogues, observe Torah. Jews become more secular, desire to assimilate into Roman culture (lasted until 1948)Nazarenes allowed to stay IF they renounce all Judaism. The Way appoints 1st gentile leader, Marcus

138 Israel Jews defeated, no more fight. “Age of Jewish Persecution” ends.

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Major Issues: [Danger comes from WITHIN the Church] Ignorance of Torah: Majority of believers are Gentiles, estranged from synagogues, leadership introduces Greek (neo-Platonic) philosophies to define doctrine, desire to identify their congregations in opposition to Judaism. Arrogance, Hostility toward Jews and their “dead, legalistic religion” cursed by God for their rejection of Jesus.

Paul’s WarningsActs 20:29–30 [PAUL] “I know that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock; and from among your own selves men will arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after them. Romans 11:18 [PAUL] Do not be arrogant toward the branches; but if you are arrogant, remember that it is not you who supports the root, but the root supports you.

The “Church”: STRUGGLING to RE-DEFINE ITSELFGentile believers now make Jews CONVERT to Christianity!

135 Epistle of “Barnabas”

REPLACEMENT THEOLOGY Indeed it [Torah] is ours; for Moses had hardly received it when they (Jews) forfeited it forever- wretched, deluded men, abandoned by God

1st explicit reference to SUNDAY: as “8th day” (resurrection is secondary)70-155 Smyrna Polycarp

Disciple of John

Bishop of SmynaMartyred

Wrote letters to ekklesia at Philippi (improper financial matters)Combatted heresies, calling Marcion the “firstborn of Satan”.

(154) Advocates for QUARTODECIMANISM: Celebrating Easter on Jewish Passover (14 Nisan) even if it falls on a day other than Sunday. Idea rejected by bishop of Rome.

139-144 Syria Marcion

GNOSTIC

Duty of “TRUE” Christian was to oppose Judaism (and The Way). Even though declared a heretic, ex-communicated in 144 (and his large offering refunded), his teachings remained wildly popular, influential. Anti–Jewish, anti- Torah.Greek dualistic thinking: OT God – evil, NT God-loving.Free from burdensome Mosaic law. Wrote the first version of the New Testament, (including only parts of Luke, 10 of Paul’s epistles, edited to remove “Jewish corruptions”)

Later, Augustine endorsed Marcion’s views of Grace (No Law) and it became a pillar of Christian theology that traveled thru Wycliffe, Coverdale, and found its’ way into John Calvin’s “Institutes”, a guide for the Protestant reformed churches and Dispensationalism.

130-202 Smyrna IrenaeusPOLYCARP’S DISCIPLE

BISHOP OF LYON

Against Heresies: Attempted to unite OT-NT documents in order to defend “apostolic faith” against pagans, gnostics, and Jews. Torah originated with Moses, but terminated with John.

Sundays began to be observed as “Lord’s Day”. Roman “church” ordered believers to quit reckoning Passover by traditional Jewish method. , and to only keep this annual resurrection festival. (At first, churches in Asia Minor ignored the Roman decree). Eventually, EVERY Sunday was celebrated as “Day of Resurrection”, and the church fasted on Sabbath.

(185) DOCTRINE : ORIGINAL SIN: sin first entered the world with Adam’s disobedience

135-165 Samaria

Greco-Roman Gentile

Justin MartyrPAGAN

PHILOSOPHERCONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY

Persuaded of the superiority of the Christian “philosophy”. As a gentile, he viewed Torah as unimportant, temporary. Torah was given to Jews as a punishment for their exceptional wickedness and because of God’s special hatred for the Jewish people...We, too, would observe your circumcision of the flesh, your Sabbath days and in a word all your festivals, if

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early influences:Platonism Gnosticism

we were not aware of the reason why they were imposed upon you, namely, because of your sins and your hardness of heart.

As for their scrupulousness about meats, and their superstitions about the sabbath, and their much vaunted circumcision, and their pretentious festivals and new moon observances – all of them too nonsensical to be worth discussing. – Letter to Diognetus

He admitted that there were both Jew & Gentile believers who still practiced the laws of Torah..”weak-minded brothers”, who were still saved, despite their foolish insistence on observing the laws of Moses Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew...Chapter 47

170 Christianity now has the doctrine, literature, liturgy, organization to be called a distinct religionEarly 2nd century, CLERICAL SYSTEM developing- distinction between clergy & laityDOCTRINE: BAPTISMAL REGENERATION is developing

170 SardisTurkey

Melito One of many gentile converts, influenced by Greek philosophies.Accused Jews of the crucifixion – On the Passover

175 CarthageAfrica

Tertullian DOCTIRNE:TRINITYCHURCH REPLACES ISRAEL. Wrote first anti-Jewish allegory/tract in Latin–Adversarius JudeausCondemns practice of baptizing infants, the deadAlso spiritualized the Torah b/c a literal view was foolish nonsense:It follows that, in so far as the abolition of carnal circumcision and of the old law is demonstrated as having been consummated at its specific times, so also the observance of the Sabbath is demonstrated to have been temporary.

190 Few remaining sects of Jewish Christianity are thought of as sects rather than mainstream “Christianity”

199 Doctrine: CHRIST DESCENDED INTO HELLMajor Issues: Many “regional” bodies of believers, with a variety of pet doctrines. Pagans complained that it was impossible to understand what they actually believed b/c it was so diverse. No “canon” of Scripture, doctrine.

The PERSECUTED “Church”: 200’s200 Tiberius MISHNAH (Oral Torah) compiled by Judah, the Prince (desc of David)

d. 215 AlexandriaEgypt

Clement Leaned “mystical gnostic”. BLESSING BEFORE MEALS. Twisted Paul’s words: When I was a Jew, I thought as a child, when I followed the Law—from The Instructor

215 Doctrine: INFANT BAPTISMDoctrine: CREATION EX NIHILO (out of nothing)

215 AlexandriaEgypt

Origen “Church” is all who have personally experienced the power of the eternal gospel. But complained about those “Sunday” Christians who just repeat what they heard on Saturday (Torah portions)The Jews will not return to their [city, nation] for they committed the most abominable of crises, in forming this conspiracy against the Savior of the human race...and another people was called by God to the blessed electionEarlier, NOT OK with birth celebration of Jesus b/c it was too similar to the way Pharaoh, Herod, and other pagan gods were honored.

<235 Rome Hippolytus Continued attacks on the Jews & Torah....The Refutation of All Heresies248 Carthage Cyprian Only ONE Catholic (universal) church. Outside the Church, no

forgiveness of sins. Degrees of penance for those who denied Christ during Roman persecutions.

d.250 Smyrna PionusBISHOP/ MARTYRED

I have heard that Jews are inviting some of you into synagogues- [I denounce enormity of any collusion] with those who killed Christ—

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Perhaps he misunderstood intention of the Jews?257 Valerian Persecution: Christians are no longer allowed to assemble for worship.

Property confiscated.300 Rome Public confession of sin is replaced by private confession to a bishop.

More than 40 churches within city limits of Rome303 Diocletian The Great Persecution of Christianity. Government burn churches,

Scriptures. Arrest bishops, leaders (later, laity) and force them to sacrifice to Roman gods.

305-6 Spain Synod of Elvira Prohibited marriage, eating meals with Jews, pagans, & heretics. Opposed fasting on Sabbath

306 Christmas : Birth of Christ celebrated at winter solstice (Mithrianism).

Major Issues: Syncretism, but naively welcomed period of Peace, Partnership with government

The POWERFUL “Church”: 300’s312 Constantine’s

“Conversion”Victorious in battle at Milvian Bridge after vision of “In this sign conquer” (XP on their shields)

313 Edict of Milan Did not make Christianity the “state religion”, but mandated equal toleration for all religions. Returned confiscated property to “churches”.

320 Arius

St. Peter’s Basillica

Discussion: Is Jesus of the same nature as the Father? (Arius, “NO”, created, not equal with God). DOCTRINE OF TRINITY officially established 5 years later.Holy Roman Empire begins paying the priests, building basillicasConstantine erects “old” St Peter’s on traditional site of Peter’s crucifixion. “Unity”: Many “un-regenerate” join the “church”.

d.373 Alexandria Athanasius Opponent of Arius’ “heresy”. DEFINES NT CANONDOCTRINE OF PERPETUAL VIRGINITY Held that Mary remained a virgin even after the birth of Jesus

321 Lord’s Day Sunday becomes official day of rest, worship for the Roman Empire.322 Rome Helios A picture on a tomb depicts Christ as Helios (god of light, crowned with sun)

325 Turkey Council of Nicea

EmperorConstantine

Nicene Creed (Trinity, Deity of Jesus result in “church” split)Most Jewish elements are already missing from faith walk of those who follow Jesus. Only hold-out sects: Nazarenes & Ebionites observed some form of Torah. No Jewish believers represented on this council.

Constantine Creed: The Law of Easter“I renounce all customs, rites, legalisms, unleavened breads and sacrifices of lambs of the Hebrews, and all the other feasts of the Hebrews, sacrifices, prayers, aspirations, purifications, sanctifications, and propitiations, and fasts and new moons, and Sabbaths, and superstitions, and hymns and chants, and observances and synagogues. Absolutely everything Jewish, every Law, rite and custom and if afterwards I shall wish to deny and return to Jewish superstition, or shall be found eating with Jews, or feasting with them, or secretly conversing and condemning the Christian religion instead of openly confuting them and condemning their vain faith, then let the trembling of Cain and the leprosy of Gehazi cleave to me, as well as the legal punishments to which I acknowledge myself liable. And may I be an anathema in the world to come, and may my soul be set down with Satan and the devils.” (Stefano Assemani, Acta Sanctorium Martyrum Orientalium at Occidentalium, Vol. 1, Rome 1748, page 105)

Lent established (solemn 40 day period of preparation before Easter)392. Good Friday observed

Creed of Constantine: Law of New Sabbath

6

“I accept all customs, rites, legalism, and feasts of the Romans, sacrifices. Prayers, purifications with water, sanctifications by Pontificus Maxmus (high priests of Mithraism), propitiations, and feasts, and the New Sabbath “So! dei” (day of the Sun), all new chants and observances, and all the foods and drinks of the Romans. In other words, I absolutely accept everything Roman, every new law, rite and custom, of Rome, and the New Roman Religion.”

EusibeusFather of Church

History

Constantine hired him to produce 50 copies of OT & NT

Let us have nothing in common with the detestable Jewish rabble-,< 340 North Africa Lactantius Jesus spent time in Galilee in order to avoid the Jews, lest he should

lead them to repentance...Christ made us Gentiles heirs, the Jews being deprived and disinherited –from Divine Institutions

337 Constantine Baptized just before his death, so that fewer sins would be counted against him.

341 Syria Council of Antioch Christians prohibited from celebrating Passover with the Jews365 Turkey Council of

LaodiceaChristians forbidden to observe the biblical Sabbath, read gospels instead of Torah portions.Christians must not judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day. Rather, honoring the Lord’s Day. But if any shall be found to be Judaizers, let them be anathema (against) from Christ”.

349-407 Antioch John Chrysostom

“Golden Mouth”

In 8 consecutive sermons, denounced any believer who participated in Jewish festivals, Sabbath, or dietary laws. “Judaizer” is a term that the Church Fathers applied to anyone who practiced the laws of Torah.Jews sacrifice children to the devil. Worse than wild beast, lecherous, satisfy their gullets, greedy, rapacious, odious assassins.Presented himself as a “doctor” to cure the “disease” of Christians desiring to celebrate Torah observances. Jews do not worship God but devils, so all their feasts are unclean...God hates them, and has always hated them.. Since their murder of Jesus, He allows them no time for repentance.Paved the way for slaughter of countless Jews throughout history.388. Lobbies for 25 December as official birthdate of Christ.

354-430Converted

In 387

HippoAlgeria

AugustineFather of Calvinism

No literal Millennial Kingdom Wrote City of God, Confessions.Adopted Marcion’s view of Grace (no Torah)Unbaptized infants, eternally damnedMan is TOTALLY DEPRAVED: unable to respond to God GOD’S GRACE is indispensable to human freedom, salvation. PRE-DESTINATION, saved only if God chooses you.Teaching of the apostles is not applicable bc it was a different age.

383 Jerome

LATIN VULGATE BIBLE

Latin text, written from Bethlehem-- would be used in Western Christianity for next 1,000 years. Preferred pagan literature to Christian writings.He falsely claimed that “The Curse” (19th benediction of Amidah) was directed to Notzrim. [No, it was directed to Sadducees, Essenes- R. Gorelik]

I have a strange dislike to those of the circumcision...allegorically compared ugly Leah (Jews) to the beautiful Rachel (Church) If you call it [synagogue] a brothel, a den of vice, the Devil’s refuge, Satan’s fortress, a place to deprave the soul, an abyss of every conceivable disaster or whatever you will, you are still saying less than it deserves…Jews are eternally cursed by God (~ fig tree, Mt 21:18-22)

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393 Council of Hippo

Augustine closed the door on any further debate on which books should be considered included into NT. Bishops accepted the 27 writings. Augustine said, All you need is faith, hope, and love…the rest is allegory (so you really don’t need the Bible)

Late 4th C Epiphanius Torah observant Messianic Judaism was the norm in the first century....”still retain most of their ancient customs”...It is their [Messianic Jews] observance of the Torah and this alone which separates the Nazarenes from the main Church...Jews who dedicate themselves to the Law and submit to circumcision, remained wholly Jewish. They use not only the New Testament, but also the Old, like all of the Jews. The live according to the preaching of the Law as among Jews. They do not agree with the Christians because they are trained in the Torah, in circumcision, the Sabbath, and the other things

Significant Bible Words: Re-Defined1st Century, Hebrew Today

Faith Action: Trust God, Expressed by DOING Noun: Trust God, expressed in doctrines, ideas

Saved Rescued from immediate danger, threat to life Rescued from sin, later go to heaven when I die

Law (Torah) Restriction on behavior for good of whole community, Freedom from sin- to please God

Restriction on behavior (legalism), not free as God intended

Fulfill Mt 5:17 Establish the truthfulness of Fill up, complete, end

Sabbath Friday pm –Saturday pm Sunday

The Formation of “The Historical Church”

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1Greece

Cultural EmpireAppreciation for Antiquity

Plato

Stoics

Epicureans

Gnostics Elite: “Special” Knowledge

Dualism: Body v. Spirit

RomePolitical Empire

Government of Order

Roads / Ships

Citizens/ Politics

Taxes

Julius Caesar

Constantine

Empire Building 101

Restored Kingdom

Chose 1 manAbraham

The WARRIOR “Church”: 400+415 Antioch Cyril Christians confiscate synagogue, expel the Jews, & gives their property

to the mob.418 Majorca Severus This bishop used mob force to convert 540 Jews. Burned synagogue419 Israel Barsauma For 3 years, destroys synagogues throughout Palestine489 Antioch Christian mob set fire to all the synagogues, threw the bodies of slain

Jews into the fire-- in order to protect Christians from their “contamination” through living, eating, or having sexual relations with them.

492 Vicar of Christ Papal title implies that the pope has inherited responsibility for the whole Church, universal.

Dark Ages: Corrupt Church506 Eucharist Received 3x each year: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost.531 Emperor Justinian Justinian Code: Church Law/Doctrine now became state policy.

These laws declared that Jews were no longer allowed to hold high offices or have military careers. It became a capital offense to convert to Judaism and intermarriage between Christians and Jews was punishable by death. The Torah was forbidden to be read exclusively in Hebrew and Jews were allowed only a prescribed version of Scripture in their synagogues and were also prohibited to use prayers that were seen as anti-Trinitarian. The keeping of the Sabbath, Jewish Festivals and performing circumcision were banned and Jewish property was confiscated. Rabbinical jurisdiction was curtailed; all former religious and governing privileges were removed and Jews were not permitted to testify against Christians. With the Christianization of the Roman Empire in east and west throughout the fourth, fifth and sixth centuries, the increase in anti-Jewish legislation and teaching reduced Judaism to a position of

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GreeceCultural Empire

Appreciation for Antiquity

Plato

Stoics

Epicureans

Gnostics Elite: “Special” Knowledge

Dualism: Body v. Spirit

RomePolitical Empire

Government of Order

Roads / Ships

Citizens/ Politics

Taxes

Julius Caesar

Constantine

Empire Building 101

permanent legal inferiority. In all respects, the Jew had to remain subservient to the Christian, and Christianity soon began to enjoy a position of superiority over Judaism, which caused serious consequences for the Jews.

535 France Synod of Clermont Jews not allowed to hold public office538 France Synod of Orleans Jews not allowed to employ Christian servants. Jews not allowed to

show themselves during Passion Week.589 France Council of Narbonne Jews forbidden to chant psalms while burying their dead610-620

Spain King Sisebur Prohibited Judaism throughout his country. Jews fled.

681 Spain Synod Toledo Christians burned Talmud and other “heretical” Jewish books692 Constantino

pleTrulanic Synod Christians not permitted to patronize Jewish doctors, socialize, or

publically bathe with Jews.694 Spain Synod Toledo All Jewish children over the age of seven should be kidnapped from

their homes and raised as Christians1073 Spain Synod of Gerona Jews forced to pay taxes to support the Church, just as other

Christians1179 Rome 3rd Lateran Council Jews prevented from being plaintiffs or witnesses against

Christians in court.Church forbid laity from possessing a copy of the Scriptures, upon penalty of death

Priests hear your confession (must pay for forgiveness, and extra charge can buy grace for dead relatives trapped in torment) Sculptures carved into the architecture of the church to mock, ridicule the Jewish people.

1096 First Crusade

Godfroi Bouillon Swore to avenge the blood of Christ in Israel leave no single Jew alive. Rounded up Jews in Jerusalem, herded them into synagogues which they burned to the ground while they sang hymn, “Christ We Adore Thee”

1165 Israel Maimonides Lowest point for Jews. Only 2 Jews, 300 Christians in Jerusaelm. He traveled from Spain to buy burial plot for himself in Hebron

1215 Rome 4th Lateran Council The Jews, against whom the blood of Jesus Christ calls out, although they ought not to be killed, lest the Christian people forget the Divine Law, yet as wanderers ought they remain upon the earth, until their countenance be filled with shame. [Wandering Jew]

Forced Jews to wear a “badge” of identity.. Greedy European kings stole their wealth and blamed them for poisoning wells and causing the Black Death. Established the Inquisition. Condemned the Waldensians (anti-catholic).

HATRED TOWARD JEWS WAS PRODUCT OF CLERICAL PROPAGANDA.1229 France Council of Toulouse Laymen are forbidden to use the Bible.1267 Austria Synod of Vienna Condemned Jews to eternal slavery. Christians not permitted to

attend Jewish ceremonies. Jews not permitted to dispute with Christian laymen about the tenets of the Catholic religion

1267 Poland Synod of Breslau Compulsory ghettos (segregated quarters) for Jews1279 Synod of Ofen Christians not allowed to sell or rent real estate to Jews1290 England Edict of Expulsion Jews had been living in England for 200 years until The Crusades

generated ill will toward Jews and King Edward I decreed their expulsion. One monk, Gregory of Huntingdon, purchased all the Jewish texts he could find to translate them into English.

1322 France King Charles IV Jews accused of ordering lepers to poison wells. 5,000 Jews 10

massacred. Later (1531), King Philip V admits they were innocent Expels all Jews from France

1380 England John Wycliffe 1st English Bible, based on Latin b/c Wycliffe knew no Hebrew or Greek.Retained belief in purgatory, prayers to saints.

~1381 England Chaucer Relates the case of Hugh of Lincoln (a child supposed sacrificed by the Jews) – Canterbury Tales

1370 Belgium Jewish massacre. End of the Jewish community in Brussels.1389 Prague Wenceslaus Mob slaughters 3,000 Jews, destroys synagogue, cemetery. Jews

told it was their fault for going outside during Holy Week.1391 Spain “Inquisition” Church forced Jewish masses to convert to Christianity.1450 Mainz

GermanyGutenberg

Press1st printed Bible. Some who read their Bibles, concluded that authentic biblical Christianity was indeed Jewish and returned to Jewish practices, returning to Torah, keeping Sabbath & festivals.

1451 Rome Pope Gregory Prohibits all social interaction between Christians & Jews1434 Switzerland Council of Basel Jews not permitted to obtain academic degrees1492 Spain Ferdinand & Isabella 200,000 Jews expelled from Spain. (Christopher Columbus was

probably Jewish ..His name ”colon”, equivalent of “Cohen”)

Major Issues: Eisegesis vs. Exegesis. Personal interpretation of God’s Word led to 22,000 Denominations.Before Luther, only 1 pope. After Luther, every man with a Bible became a pope.

The SPLINTERED “Church”The Protestant Reformation

1516 Netherlands Erasmus Wrote Greek NT (correcting 600 errors from Latin Vulgate). Mocked Church’s immorality, corruption, decadence, superstitions of relics, saints.

1517 Germany Martin Luther 95 Theses: Against selling of indulgences (Roman church charging people for grace & forgiveness)Sola Scriptura: Bible is our only source of Truth

1518 Switzerland Ulrich Zwingli Scripture, alone. Literal view of Millennial Kingdom, believer’s baptism.1536 France

SwitzerlandJohn Calvin Church replaces Israel. No literal Millennial Kingdom. God, by His grace,

chooses individuals for salvation.1538 Moravia Oswalt Dlaidt

Andrea FischerAnabaptist: Radical return to Hebrew roots. Wrote Christian Siddur (prayer book)

1542 Germany Paul Fagius-disciple of

Zwingli

Interpreted Lord’s Supper in context of Passover & sayings of Yeshua in context of rabbinic literature (sought asylum in England, under Thomas Cranmer)

1543 Germany Martin Luther Admonished Christians for keeping Sabbath, adopting Jewish customs – Against the Sabbath Keepers, Against the JudaizersFirst, their synagogues should be set on fire, forcing Jews to convert or die – On the Jews & Their Lies…died 2 months later.

1547 Council of Trent

Decreed that tradition bears the same authority as Scripture. Reaffirmed the Apocrypha as inspired.

1655 England Re-admission of Jews

Oliver Cromwell approached by Dutch rabbi to permit Jews back into England (expulsed 350 years earlier). Puritans opposed, Quakers approved.

A Bit of Modern History1722

1753

England Council of Oxford

Construction of new synagogues prohibited.In legal courts, Jews swore on Torahs rather than Bibles.

Parliament pushed for new general policy of religious toleration. Tories

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responded with great outcry against “abandonment of Christianity” in their arguments against it. (Jewish financiers, Samson Gideon & Nathan von Rothschild were making positive contributions to stock market & banking)

1829 England Jewish Emancipation

Jews were legally allowed to sit in Parliament, though Benjamin Disraeli (Christian, born to Jewish family) had been a member long before this.(1846) A special dress code law for Jews was repealed.

1879 Germany Wilhelm Marr “Anti-Semitism”, a term coined by a writer to wished to bestow “scientific” respectability on the hatred of Jews

1939 USA MS St. Louis German ship with 937 Jewish refugees bound for Cuba seeking political asylum. When refused, even though they had purchased legitimate visas, they turned to America. The US and Canada refused them as well. Journey ended as the Jews were split up and accepted by England, Belgium, & Netherlands. Only 365 of these survived WWII.

1945 Bavaria Nuremberg Trials

Hilter’s officers: We didn’t do anything to the Jews that Martin Luther didn’t advocate first.

Resources Used for This ResearchDozier, Donna Torn God Crying: Stripping Judaism from Christianity (Messianic Gentile)Friedman, Dr. David They Loved the Torah (Messianic Jew)Lancaster, D. Thomas Restoration: Returning the Torah of God to the Disciples of Jesus (FFOZ, Messianic Gentile)

Chronicles of the Apostles (Messianic)Becker & Reed The Ways that Never Parted (Christian Academics)

Dungan, David Constantine’s Bible: Politics and the Making of the New Testament (Roman Catholic)

Flusser, David The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’ Genius (Jewish Academic)

Eisenbaum, Pamela Paul was Not a Christian (Jewish Academic)

Gager, John Re-Inventing Paul (Christian Academic)

Dacy, Marianne Separation of Early Christianity from JudaismWilson, Marvin Our Father, Abraham – Jewish Roots of Christian Faith

and Exploring our Hebraic Heritage (Messianic Gentile)

Peterson, Susan Charts of the Western Church (Christian Academic)

Brown, Michael Our Hands are Stained with Blood (Messianic Jew)

Gruber, Daniel Copernicus & The Jews-Separation of Church & Faith (Messianic Jew)

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Over the centuries, Christian doctrine has been shaped more by Augustine than by Paul—Just as Jewish practice has been shaped more by the Mishnah than by Torah.

-Shaye Cohen,Harvard Divinity School

Shanks, Hershel (editor) Christianity & Rabbinic Judaism-Origins & Early Development (Academic)

Broadbent, E.H. The Pilgrim Church (Christian)

Internet Resources

Wikipedia Timeline of Anti-SemitismAlpert, Ben Things Your Pastor Never Told You About the Early Church Fathers thewayprepared.com/ additional studies-wilderness/ Moen, Skip Understanding the Roman Empire (skipmoen.com) (Messianic)Lanier, Mark Church History Literacy (Champion Forest Baptist Church, Vimeo) (Christian)

Hegg, Tim Historic Christianity & Apostolic Judaism: The Core Difference (Messianic)Lawrence, Ya’acov How the Church Became Divorce from Its Hebraic Roots (Messianic)

Judgment Seat of Christ2 Corinthians 5:9-10 Therefore, we also have as our ambitions, whether at home [in the body] or absent, to be pleasing to Him. For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be recompensed for his deeds in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.

Jeremiah 16:19–21 To You the nations will come From the ends of the earth and say, “Our fathers have inherited nothing but falsehood, Futility and things of no profit.” 20 Can man make gods for himself? Yet they are not gods! 21 “Therefore behold, I am going to make them know— This time I will make them know My power and My might; And they shall know that My name is the LORD.” [Isaiah 2:2-5, 55:1-5]

Matthew 7:21–23 “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. 22 “Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ 23 And then I will declare to them, “I never knew you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE LAWLESSNESS.”

Luke 6:46 “Why do you call Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I say?

Revelation 3:14–22 [ Laodicea] The Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God, says this: 15 ‘I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot; I wish that you were cold or hot. 16 ‘So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of My mouth. 17 ‘Because you say, “I am rich, and have become wealthy, and have need of nothing,” and you do not know that you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked, 18 I advise you to buy from Me gold* refined by fire so that you may become rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed; and

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eye salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see. 19 ‘Those whom I love, I reprove and discipline; therefore be zealous and repent. 20 ‘Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and will dine with him, and he with Me. 21 ‘He who overcomes, I will grant to him to sit down with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. 22 ‘He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.’ ”

*Psalm 119:127 Therefore I love Your commandments Above gold, yes, above fine gold.

1 Timothy 4:16 Pay close attention to yourself and to your doctrine; persevere in these things, for as you do this you will ensure salvation both for yourself and for those who hear you.

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