27 August 1883 Series of Powerful Volcanic Explosions Equivalent to 100-150 Megatons of TNT ...
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Transcript of 27 August 1883 Series of Powerful Volcanic Explosions Equivalent to 100-150 Megatons of TNT ...
27 August 1883
Series of Powerful Volcanic Explosions Equivalent to 100-150 Megatons of TNT
Shockwaves Reached Bogota, Columbia 19 hours later & then back
Shock waves completed 7 measurable circuits Column of Magma rose 5 km high
Fell to Earth creating a 40 m high Tsunami Killed 40,000 People on Java and Sumatra
Eruption lifted 18 km3 of Rock & Material (tephra) Volatilized residue of sulfuric acid & dust boiled
over 50 km high and spread around the globe Rakata, the ash covered mountain of old Krakatau,
survived as a sterile island First survey, May 1884 – 1 individual of 1 spider
1930
(A) Fall migration routes of eastern
and western populations of the monarch butterfly.
(B) Both African and Asian elephants are powerful swimmers
A given change in elevation tends to be a
greater barrier to dispersal in the tropics than at higher latitudes
The avian family Alcidae is restricted to cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere, even though they are winged and most
are strong fliers
The Lesser Sunda Islands serve as a two-way filter for reptilian faunas of southeastern Asia and Australia
Figure 6.15 The desert “sea” of the American Southwest may serve as a transition zone for forest and woodland species of reptiles and mammals
The desert “sea” of the American Southwest may serve as a transition zone for forest and woodland species of reptiles and mammals
(A) Idealized lognormal frequency distribution of dispersal capacities among individuals or species. (B) Dispersal
curves describe immigration rate
Habitat selection by the field
subspecies of the deer mouse depends on
inherited ability and early
experience
Advances in remote sensing have enabled new disciplines and
enhanced visualization of rare events and
identification of factors influencing movements