© 2020 JETIR April 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4 ...However, the ASTM C156 and ASTM C309 standard (water...

© 2020 JETIR April 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

JETIR2004131 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 951

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CURING

COMPOUNDS USING DURABILITY

PARAMETERS ON CONCRETE

1Shah Piyushkumar Ashokkumar, 2Ashutosh D. Patel 1P.G Student, Department of civil Engineering, SPCE, Visnagar-384315, Gujarat, India,

2Professor, Department of civil Engineering, SPCE, Visnagar-384315, Gujarat, India.

Abstract:

Curing is very essential part of post quality control practice for mass concreting and it’s very difficult to supervise curing

activity in special case such as tall piers, silos and Dams in other hand the world facing a huge shortage of water , the use of curing

compounds in place of conventional and prolonged wet curing is inevitable. However, hot weather conditions and the quality

control issues in many countries necessitate diligence in the selection of curing compounds. However, the ASTM C156 and ASTM

C309 standard (water loss test) – the only standard method available – exhibits large variability in results and cannot be used to

reliably assess the effectiveness and qualify curing compounds. So, the compressive strength test is to assess the quality of curing

compounds.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the suitability of tests on various durability parameters to assess the

effectiveness of curing compounds. Permeability test on concrete specimen for total porosity, and compressive strength were used

as test parameters. These parameters of concrete specimens prepared using Ordinary Portland Cement and cured using wet curing,

air drying and with curing compound, the study found that the compressive strength in assessing the effectiveness of curing

compounds.

I. INTRODUCTION

Curing is essential for the hydration of cement in concrete making. So, to maintain required moisture content, come precautions

are applied. Concrete curing compound is a compound which helps to prevent the loss of moisture content from the concrete. So,

concrete is properly cured which results the full development of strength of concrete.

Curing compounds are membrane-forming chemicals that help in preventing the loss of water from the surface of concrete and

thus, facilitate curing of concrete during the early stages of the hydration process. The use of curing compounds not only eliminates

the need for additional potable water and frequent supervision for the entire period of curing but also provides a viable solution

where the conventional wet curing methods become impractical. Some of the examples are high-rise buildings, tunnel linings, and

large pavement slabs

Figure 1 Curing compound

1.1 STUDY AREA PROFILE

272 Km long Udhampur – Srinagar- Baramulla Rail link (USBRL) Project is being constructed by Northern Railway as a

National Project in the state of Jammu Kashmir. Contract for construction of major Bridges on this section has been awarded to

M/S AFCON Infrastructure Limited by Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL). 493 m long continuous span Bridge no 39

at Reasi, having high piers varying from 35.12 m to 90.53 m raised some concerns regarding curing of freshly laid concrete at such

height. For casting of piers slip form shuttering was adopted, where the form work travels upwards at predetermined slow speed

and curing of concrete before drying up the surface of freshly laid concrete is of utmost importance. Therefore, to ensure durability

of concrete, use of curing compound was adopted as an alternate method of curing over traditional wet curing.

1.2 CONCRETE CURING COMPOUNDS TYPES OF:

Synthetic resin compound

Acrylic compound

Wax compound

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Chlorinated rubber compound

SYNTHETIC RESIN CONCRETE CURING COMPOUND

Synthetic resins will seal the concrete by forming membrane. If we want to provide plastering, the membrane can be removed

by washing it with hot water.

ACRYLIC CONCRETE CURING COMPOUND

Acrylic is made of polymers of acrylic acid. It also seals the concrete in good manner. It is having property of adhesion to the

subsequent plaster. No need to wash the surface of acrylic with hot water if we want to provide plastering.

WAX CONCRETE CURING COMPOUND

Wax compound have similar properties like resin compound. The wax membrane will lose its efficiency with time increment.

CHLORINATED RUBBER CURING COMPOUND

Chlorinated rubber type curing compound will form thick layer when we applied. It seals the concrete tightly and also fills the

minute pores present in the concrete. But the film cannot stay for longer period. It is worn out in the long run.

1.3 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE CURING COMPOUND

Water retention

Reflectance

Drying period

Long term setting

Non-volatile matter

1.4 USES OF CONCRETE CURING COMPOUND

If wet curing is not possible, then curing compound can be used to cure the concrete surface.

For larger areas of concrete surfaces which are opened to sunlight, wind etc. curing is big task. But with the presence of

curing compound it is easier.

Curing of concrete pavements, run ways, bridge decks etc. can be cured to reach their maximum strength.

Maximum durability of structure will be developed.

Curing compound can be used for curing of canal linings, dams

Columns, beams, slabs can also be cured with curing compound

1.5 SPECIFICATIONS OF CURING COMPOUND:

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C 309 covers specifications for Liquid membrane-forming compounds

suitable for application to concrete surface to reduce the loss of water during early- hardening period. White – pigmented

membrane forming compound serve the additional purpose of reducing the temperature rise in concrete exposed to radiation from

the sun. The membrane forming compounds covered by specification in ASTM 309 are suitable for use as curing media for fresh

concrete, and may also be used for further curing of concrete after removal of forms or after initial moist curing.

1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF CURING COMPOUNDS AS PER ASTM:

Liquid membrane-forming compounds are classified according to the color of the compound and the type of solid constituent

present for forming the membrane. Table 1 shows the classifications for membrane-forming compounds as ASTM 309

TABLE 1: ASTM C 309 CURING COMPOUND CLASSIFICATIONS.

Colour SOLID CONSTITUENT

Type Description Class Description

1 Clear or Translucent w/out Dye A No Restriction

1-D Clear or Translucent w/ Fugitive Dye B Resin as defined in Terminology D 833

2 White Pigmented

1.7 CURING COMPOUND USED FOR CASE STUDY:

AT – Cure WR125W, which is Water based concrete curing compound is being used by AFCONS in Bridge no 39 at Reasi.

AFCONS was using this product on DMRC project (Job code CC15) at Sarita Bihar casting yard. AFCON arranged the material

from Delhi for this Project. Being since the material was already used on a DMRC Project, therefore, the same material was tried

for use on this project. Therefore, permitted for use on trial basis on pier no 4, which is 89.15 m high. The performance of the

curing compound was found satisfactory, and allowed to be used on other piers also.

1.8 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AT – CURE WR125W:

After spraying AT – CURE WR125 W creates secondary hydration within the concrete which densities the substrate to form an

impermeable layer thereby creating a barrier retaining the water in the concrete. As a result, the waters present in the pores of the

concrete remains there and the relative humidity remains almost unchanged providing optimum hydration for strength and

durability. It is suitable for all general concrete application




1.9 SPECIFICATIONS OF CURING COMPOUND AT – CURE WR125 W

Colour : White

Drying time : Approx 1.5 hrs @ 30 0C

Specific Gravity : 1.09 ± .01 @ 30 0C

Type : Water based liquid (Type 1 – D)

Odour : No odour

Storage : Cool & dry place.

Toxicity : non-toxic, non VOC, contain no solvent.

Shelf life : 1year in unopened condition.

Packing : 200kgs

1.10 APPLICATION METHODOLOGY OF CURING COMPOUND

AT – Cure WR 125 W requires no mixing, diluting or agitation. Application should begin as soon as the concrete is free from

the surface water and can support foot moment without leaving marks. Two thin layer of curing compound has to be applied to the

whole surface using a hand operator low pressure spray gun or roller. Immediately after the first coat is dry apply second coat. For

larger areas application can be done by power driven automatic equipment. The concrete surface should not be disturbed until it has

achieved sufficient strength. In case of hardened concrete i.e. after demoulding of form work, the surface of concrete should be

sprayed with water to saturate it prior to the application of curing compound. After spraying all equipment, shall be cleaned with

fresh water

Fig. 2 Application of curing compound

Fig. 3 study area profile

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The work completed within this research was almost entirely practical experiment based. Whilst significant theoretical research

work went into the conduct of the literature review and finding the testing parameters to investigate, the emphasis of this research

was on experimental data.

Significant amounts of previous experimental research have been carried out by other academics around the world; however,

not to the same detail within the scale associated with this research.




Figure4 Experimental work place (lab)

The overall method of research was to compile a broad experimental program which outlined the plans for all testing. This

experimental program was to be then carried out as closely as possible, with scope for any Final changes required due to

progressive analysis of the results obtained. The purpose of having a somewhat flexible experimental program was to eliminate any

potentially un-feasible or wasted experiments or testing that may not have been found during the theoretical literature research

phase.

The methodology explains about the step by step procedure that is going to be done in the project.

2.1 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS:

Figure 5 experimental program

I. MIX PROPORTION FOR TRIAL BATCH FOR OPC 43

Concrete mix deign for M40 material OPC 43 OPC 53 Cement 15.50 kg 20.00kg

20 mm coarse aggregate 25.03 kg 34.80kg

10 mm coarse aggregate 16.67 kg 23.2kg

Fine aggregate 26.56 kg 37.2 kg

Water 6.10 kg 7.2 kg

Chemical admixture 0.155 kg 0.16 kg

Material survey

Testing of concrete

material Trial Mix design of M40 grade Chemical test on curing

compound

Finalize mix design

Without curing

Curing with tank water

Curing with AT CURE

WR125 WR

Results




Figure 6 Trial mix for M40 grade

Figure 7 Sampling and cube Test after 28 days

2.2 TRIAL MIX RESULTS:

TABLE 2 RESULT OF TRIAL MIX FOR M40 OPC 43 &53

cube strength results for trial mix

OPC 53

7 days cube

strength

33.52

35.34

Mpa

35.70

36.80

28 days cube

strength

58.52

57.38

Mpa

57.40

56.22

III. III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The chapter deals with the presentation of results obtained from strength tests conducted on the concrete cube specimen

which M40 design mixes. In order to achieve the objective of study of Performance Analysis of Curing Compounds Using

Durability Parameters on Concrete, an experimental program was devised in which the various test results obtain from M40

concrete using OPC 43 grade cement and M40 concrete using OPC 53 grade cement. The mixes were cast using OPC43 grade of

Ambuja cement and OPC53 grade of Ambuja cement for comparative study of each grade of cement cube casted on same mix

design and some cube is curing using water tank (conventional curing) other cube which is curing using curing compound, remain

cube left without curing, after 7 days and 28 days compressive strength test conducted and permeability test on same strategy

cube strength results for trial mix

OPC 43

7 days cube

strength

43.15

45.10

Mpa

47.05

45.12

28 days

cube

strength

55.09

55.71

Mpa

54.98

57.07




Figure 8 (1) Application of curing compound (2) without curing (3) curing in water tank

3.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS:

The vertical cracks occur due to lateral tensile strain. A flow in the concrete, which is in the form of the main function of the

concrete in structure (piers of bridge), is mainly to resist the compressive forces. When a plain concrete member is subjected to

compression, the failure of the member takes place in its vertical plane along the diagonal micro crack along the vertical axis of the

member will take place on the application of axial compression load and propagate further due to the lateral tensile strain.

Figure 9 compressions testing of cube

As per detail study on compressive test result 7 days on cube casted by M40 concrete using Ambuja 43 OPC& OPC 53, Result

clearly indicate that curing method is very important role in strength but return to main focusing point which is curing compound,

cubes which is cured with curing compound is slightly lower than water cured test result which means for early strength gaining in

OPC 43 grade water curing method gives higher results than curing compound AT – CURE WR125 W same scenario on OPC 53

Figure 10:7 days compressions test result

As per detail study on compressive test result on 28 DAYS cube casted by M40 concrete using Ambuja 43 OPC& OPC 53, Result clearly indicate that curing method is very important role in strength but return to main focusing point which is curing

compound, cubes which is cured with curing compound is slightly lower than water cured test result which means for early strength gaining in OPC 43 grade water curing method gives higher results than curing compound AT – CURE WR125 W SAME SCENARIO ON

OPC 53




FIGURE 11:28 DAYS COMPRESSIONS TEST RESULT

3.2 PERMEABILITY OF CONCRETE TEST RESULTS:

The test consists in subjecting the concrete specimen of OPC 43 grade & OPC 53 grade for mix grade M40 dimensions of

specimens are 150 mm dia and 150 mm height, contained in a specially designed cell, to a known hydrostatic pressure from one

side, measuring the quantity of water percolating through it during a given interval of time and computing the coefficient of

permeability as per Is. 3085:1965

FIGURE 12 PERMEABILITY TESTING APPARATUS

As per detail study on permeability test result on cube casted by M40 concrete using Ambuja OPC 43 & 53, Result clearly

indicate that curing method is very important role in water penetration and behavior of porosity but return to main focusing point

which is curing compound, cubes which is cured with curing compound is lower than water cured test result which means porosity

of cube using curing compound is higher than water curing and without curing cube have higher porosity as compare upper both

phenomena in OPC 43 & OPC 53 grade water curing method gives higher results than curing compound AT – CURE WR125 W

IV. CONCLUSION

5.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

(1) Compression test conducted on M40 design mix on OPC 43 and OPC 53 grade cube casted and cured with three different

PHENOMENA such as conventional curing by using water, main focusing on using curing compound and third sample remains

without curing.

(2) On 7 day testing results indicates that for early strength water curing is most preferable but when convention method not

possible then curing compound can be use for curing and results are in permissible limits.

5.93

8.27

14.20

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

1 2 3

PERMEBILITY TEST ON M40 OPC 43

2.37

4.97

9.27

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

1 2 3

PERMEBILITY TEST ON M40 OPC 53




(3) 28 days testing on concrete specimen which is cured in water, cued via curing compound and without curing, result indicate

that cube have more compressive strength which is cured with water instead of cure with curing compound and without curing but

curing with curing compound results are little bit lower than water curing but curing after using chemical compound results are in

permissible limits so after analysis of the results we can use chemical compound when convention method is not helpful.

5.2 PERMEABILITY TEST:

(1) Permeability test conducted on M40 design mix on OPC 43 and OPC 53 grade cube casted and cured with three different

phenomena such as conventional curing by using water, main focusing on using curing compound and third sample remains

without curing.

(2) 28 days testing on concrete specimen which is cured in water, cued via curing compound and without curing, result indicate

that cube have lower porosity which is cured with water instead of cure with curing compound and without curing but curing with

curing compound results are little bit lower than water curing but curing after using chemical compound results are in permissible

limits so after analysis of the results we can use chemical compound when convention method is not helpful.

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I thank Almighty GOD for His grace and mercy that enabled me in the finalization of Dissertation , I wish to

express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere thanks to Prof. Ashutosh Patel, Assistant professor, Faculty of engineering and

technology, Sankalchand Patel college of engineering, Visnagar, for his valuable guidance. This work is simply the reflection of his

ideas, thoughts and concept and above all his effort. Working under the guidance is a privilege and an excellent learning experience

that I will cherish forever. I wish to affirm my earnest acknowledgement and their intuitive and meticulous.

I would also like to admiringly acknowledge Dr. D.D. Shukla (Principal), Dr. Y.S. Patel (H.O.D.), Prof. Dhruv H. Patel for

their Co-operation & Moral Support, erudite instruction, and guidance which helped me to accomplish the dissertation.

REFERENCES

[1]Refer concrete technology Author “Prof. M.S. Shetty, S. Chand publication, ISBN : 81-219-0003-4.

[2]IS: 456-2000: Code of Practice- Plain and Reinforced Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi – 2000.

[3]IS: 516-1959 (Reaffirmed 2004): Methods of Test for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi – 2004.

[4]IS: 10262-1982 (Reaffirmed 2004): Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, Bureau of Indian Standard, New

Delhi – 2004.

[5]IS: 10262-2009: Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Proportioning, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi – 2004.

[6]IS: 9103 – 1999 (Reaffirmed 2004): Concrete Admixtures – Specifications, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi – 2004.

[7]IS: 383-1970: Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard,

New Delhi – 1970.

[8]IS: 1999 – 1959 (Reaffirmed 1999): Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi –

1999.

[9]IS: 2386 (Part I, III), 1963: Methods of Test for Aggregates for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi – 1963.

[10]IS: 4031 (Part 4, 5 and 6) – 1988: Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi –

1988.

[11]ASTM C309Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete


© 2020 JETIR April 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4 ...However, the ASTM C156 and ASTM C309 standard (water...

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