© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 ... · Udaipur lies between 24 0 28’49” and 24 0...

© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)

JETIRDW06003 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 6

Study of an Urban Area, Udaipur

Gazal Soni1 Pranav Prabhakar

2

1Department of Urban Planning, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab

2Guru Nanak Dev University, Ludhiana, Punjab

Abstract Udaipur lies in North-eastern part of Girwa Tehsil; It is located in the centre of a Saucer Shaped

Valley basin and is surrounded by Aravalli hills. Udaipur lies between 24028’49” and 24

042’56”

North Longitude and 73036’51” and 73

049’46” East Latitudes. It has an altitude of 578mts from

mean sea level. Udaipur is located along Delhi-Ahmadabad National Highway number 76 in Udaipur district and Girwa Tehsil of Rajasthan. The town has access through State Highway (SH-9 & SH-32). The state Highway connects Udaipur to Chittorgarh, Mount Abu and Banswada. The city is also well connected through railways, as it has broad gauge connecting it directly to Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ahemdabad, Chittorgarh and Delhi. Udaipur also has an airport, 22 kms East from. The main city, where regular flights for Delhi, Jaipur, Mumbai and Jodhpur are available. This paper covers. Landuse and demography of City, Udaipur.

Keywords- Landuse, Demography, Population, Growth

1. LANDUSE

1.1 LANDUSE – 1972

At that time total area under MUNCIPAL CORPORATION is 5981.25 hectares and total

developed area is 2268.22 hectares. In this period city grows in compact form, all development

comes in walled city area and near by walled city area. At this time public-semipublic area is

developed in all direction`s of the city[1]. City grows in haphazard way so walled city area

became a congested area of the city. The percentage and area under different Landuse is given in

Table 1.

Table 1: Landuse Distribution- 1972

Sr. No Landuse area in hectares Percentage Standards(UDPFI)

1 Residential 719.64 39.72% 45-50%

2 Commercial 46.53 2.5% 02-03%

3 Industrial 68.79 3.7% 08-10%

4 Public/semipublic 668.47 34% 06-08%

5 Parks 100 5.40% 12-14%

6 Circulation 218.85 14.08% 10-12%

7 Water bodies Balance

Total 1821 100.00% 100% Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for small cities

1.2 LANDUSE 1997

The Municipal area of Udaipur has increased from 5981.25 hectares to 6692.40 hectares. The

total developed area is 4500 hectares. In this decade city grows in spread form, city grows in all

directions. City grows along with major roads and near public/semi-public area. Some planned

area`s are developed by UIT and housing board.

Table 2: Landuse Distribution- 1997

Sr. No Landuse area in

Percentage

Standards (UDPFI)

hectares

1 Residential 2488 55.27% 40-45%

2 Commercial 283.27 6.29% 03-04%

3 Industrial 434.63 9.6% 8-10%

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4 Public/semipublic 752.71 16.72% 10-12%

5 Parks 115.33 2.56% 18-20%

6 Circulation 426.94 9.48% 12-14%

7 Total 4500 100.00% 100.00%

Waterbodies & agriculture 3804.44 - Balance

Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for Medium Cities

1.3 EXISTING LANDUSE-2012

Table 3: Existing Landuse Distribution - 2012

Landuse Area Developed area Urban area in Standards

(in hectares) in percentage percentage (UDPFI)

Residential 6283.14 64.90 41.90 40-45%

Commercial 337.55 3.45 2.20 03-04%

Industrial 519.2 5.36 3.45 08-10%

Public/semi public 1218 12.58 8.13 10-12%

Parks 159 1.60 1.03 18-20%

Circulation 1163 12.00 7.70 12-14%

Total 9679.88 100 100 100

Waterbodies 458.39 3.06 Balance

Agriculture 769.38 5.13 Balance

Others 4065 27.06 Balance

Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for Medium Cities

Municipal limit remains same so, total area under municipal limit is 6692.40 hectares and the total

urban developed area is 9679.88 hectares. So, Udaipur has seen a rapid and fast physical growth,

spreading horizontally,beyond the proposed urbanizable area 2022. The shape of the toadys`s city is

amoebic, spreading in all directions. City growth in the east direction of the city because in this

direction city have plain area. So all development comes in that particular area like bhuwana area.

Both planned and unplanned development comes in the city. The percentage of area under different

landuses as given below in table 3

1.4 CHANGES IN LANDUSE:

The percentage of area under different landuses as given below in table 4 Table

4: Change in Landuse

Landuse Total Total Total % of % of % of Standards

developed area developed developed land land land according

in hectares area in area in under under under (UDPFI)

(1972) hectares hectares use use use

(1997) (2012) 1972 1997 2012

Residential 719.64 2488 6283.14 31.72 55.27 64.90 40-45%

Commercial 46.53 283.27 337.55 3.10 6.29 3.45 3-4%

Industrial 68.79 434.63 519.2 3.40 9.60 5.36 8-10%

Public/semi- 668.47 752.71 1218 43.27 16.72 12.58 10-12%

public

Parks & open 100 115.33 159 4.40 2.56 1.60 18-20%

spaces

Circulation 218.85 426.9 1163 14.08 9.48 12 12-14%

Developed area 1821 4500 9679.88

Water bodies 458.39 Source: Computed Values Table: 6.4 Change in Landuse Distribution

Percentage of landuse under residential use has increased from decade to decade now 64.90

percent area of total developed area is under residential use. Percentage of commercial area

increases as city grows. Many new industries come in the city which is essential to boost the

economy of the city. Percentage of public/ semipublic decreases but its area increases than last




decade, so there is no problem in this side. Many new institutes come in the city because Udaipur

is institutional hub center of the state. Percentage of landuse under circulation has been increased

as new roads are add in the circulation network of the city. Percentage of area under parks and

open spaces was already negligible in 1997 and in further reduced drastically by 1 percent.

1.5 URBAN SPRAWL

Urban sprawl is an important aspect which is to be studied to see the growth of the urban area

beyond M.C. boundary. In which haphazard growth of the town is taking place and the urban

growth is coming along the major road and near university area. Some unplanned growth comes

near industrial area also. But in this haphazard growth one planned area is also developed by UIT

in Bhuwana zone.

1.6 COMPARISON OF EXISTING LANDUSE WITH PROPOSED

LANDUSE

After comparison we find out that maximum development according to proposed landuse. Only

12% area on which landuse feature is different from proposed landuse. Beyond municipal limit

maximum landuse is not according to proposed landuse. Maximum change in existing and

proposed landuse in parks, they convert parks landuse into residential landuse. Commercial

landuse comes along major roads.

2. DEMOGRAPHY

Udaipur is the city situated in Udaipur district in Rajasthan, having a population of 451735 (as

per 2011 census). The demographic study of this city has been done under the following

categories:

1. Population of Local Planning Area 2. Growth of Population 3. Population Density 4. Ward wise Population Distribution

2.1 POPULATION OF LOCAL PLANNING AREA

The population of Local Planning Area is 560438 and it comprises 69.49% of city population

i.e., 389438. The area under Local Planning Area is 67035 hectares.

2.2 GROWTH OF POPULATION

The population of the city has been increasing steadily. In 1961, the population of the city

was 1.11 lakhs which increased to 4.52 lakhs in 2011.. In 1961 the city population

comprises 69.81 % of the district population and it rose to 79.16% in 2011. In comparison to state population, the city population comprises 3.38 % of total population in 1961 and

its percentage reduces to 2.64% in 20011. It is shown in Table 8.1 and Fig. 8.1. As per

Master Plan of Udaipur (1997-2022), the projected population was 5.99 lakhs in 2011 and 8.30 lakhs in 2022. But the population of city is not growing as per projections as it was

4.52 lakhs as per 2011 census.

Table 5: Growth of Population, 1961-2011

Year Population of City Population of District (in Population of Rajasthan (in

(in lakhs) lakhs) lakhs)

1961 1.11 1.59 32.81

1971 1.61 2.22 45.43

1981 2.33 3.55 72.11

1991 3.09 4.94 100.67

2001 3.89 4.90 132.14

2011 4.52 5.71 170.81 Source: Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011




Fig. 1: Growth of Population, 1961-2011 Growth Rate The growth rate of city is decreasing with passing decades as it was 45.11%

between1961-1971 and it decreased to 16% between 2001- 2011. The highest decrease in growth

rate was in 2001-2011.The growth rate of District and Rajasthan is also decreasing, except for

the year 1981 in which it increased. The growth rate of district increased in 2001-2011. It is

shown with table 6 and fig. 2

Table 6: Growth Rate of Udaipur, District and Rajasthan (1961-2011)

Year Growth Rate of Urban Growth Rate of Urban Growth Rate of

City (%) District (%) Rajasthan (%)

1961-1971 45.11 38.69 38.47

1971-1981 44.22 60.04 58.69

1981-1991 32.67 39.11 39.62

1991-2001 26.21 -0.75 31.26

2001-2011 16.00 16.49 29.26

Source: Computed Values, Census of India1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011

Fig. 6: Growth Rate of Udaipur, District and Rajasthan (1971-2011)

Inclusion of some towns of Udaipur district into Rajasamand district in April, 1991 which is the

chief reason for Negative Growth Rate in Udaipur District in 1991. The Literacy Rate is also

increasing, which creates awareness among people about the benefits of small family.

2.3 DENSITY OF POPULATION The density in city is increasing with passing decades except for the year 1971. It was 31 in 1961

and it rose to 67 in 2011. It is shown by table 7 and fig. 3. The density is increasing due to

increasing concentration of population in small area. The highest increase in density was in 1991.




The density of district was 1844 in 1981 which is much higher than the city. As per Norms and

Standards the density of medium city should lies between “100-150 persons per hectare”1 and

the city shows lower density [2].Table 7: Population Density (in hectares), 1961-2011

Year Population Area Density

1961 111139 3597 31

1971 161278 5921 27

1981 232588 6410 36

1991 308571 6428 48

2001 389438 6667 58

2011 451735 6700 67

Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011

Series1, 2011, 67

PER

SON

S/H

ECT

AR

E Series1, 2001, 58

Series1, 1991, 48

Series1, 1981, 36 Series1, 1961, 31

Series1, 1971, 27

NO

. OF

YEARS

Fig. 3: Population Density (in hectares), 1961-2011

2.4 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN WARDS

Ward wise distribution of population presents a picture of demographic structure of the city.

From the table 8 it is clear that there are 6 wards which accommodate higher number of persons

in them due to large area under them and these wards show planned development. Among them

ward no. 7 is having highest population. The wars having population range between 6000-12000

comprise 56.9% of total population.On the other hand, the wards in the central part of the city

accommodate lesser population and among them ward no. 37 is having lowest population. The

main reason for it is the smallest area acquired by them.

Table 8: Categorization of Wards Based Upon Population, 2001

Population Frequency Wards Area

Range (Hectares)

BELOW 6000 16 10,20,21,22,30,35,36,37,38,42,44,45,46,47,4 499

9,50

6000 - 12000 28 1,2,3,5,6,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,23,24,25 4722

,27,29,31,32,33,34,39,40,41,43,48

ABOVE 12000 6 4,7,8,11,26,28 1446




Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001

2.5 WARD WISE POPULATION DENSITY

It presents a relationship between population and area. From the table

9 it is clear that there are 29 wards which are having higher density

due to small area under them and among them ward no. 42 is having

highest density. On the other hand, there are 4 wards which are

having population density between 100-150 and among them ward

no. 39 is having lowest density. It reveals that wards which are having

high population but smaller area are having higher density and

consequent congestion. The wards which are having less population

in a large area shows lesser density. Population is highly concentrated

in walled city and it is low in peripheral wards. The population

density of the city has a strong positive correlation with the

availability of physical infrastructure like water water supply and

sewerage connection.

Table 9: Categorization of Wards Based Upon Population Density,

2001

Density Frequency Wards Area

(Persons/Hectare (Hectares)

Below 100 27 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20, 6089

21,24,25,26,28,29,31,32,40,41

100 -150 4 16,30,38,39 243

Above 150 29 10,17,22,23,27,33,34,35,36,37,42,43, 335

44,45,46,47,48,49,50


3. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

The social characteristics have been studied under the following

categories:

1. Sex Composition 2. Literacy Rate 3. Caste Structure 4. Religious Structure 5. Ward wise Literacy Distribution 6. Ward wise Caste Structure

3.1 SEX COMPOSITION

The number of males and females is increasing with passing decade.

In 1961 the males constitute 54.24% and females constitute 45.76%,

it was having sex ratio of 844. In 2011 the percentage of males

decline to 51.95% and percentage of females rose to 48.05 %, it lead

to increase in sex ratio to 925[3] It is shown by table 10 and fig. 4.

Table 10: Composition of Population, 1961-2011

Year No. of Males Percentage of Males No. of Females Percentage of

Females




1961 60284 54.24 50855 45.76

1971 87441 54.22 73837 45.78

1981 125447 53.94 107141 46.06

1991 164516 53.32 144055 46.68

2001 205335 52.73 184103 47.27

2011 234681 51.95 217054 48.05 Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001

MAL

ES, 1

961,

54.

24FE

MAL

ES,1

961,

45.7

6

MAL

ES, 1

971,

54.

22FE

MAL

ES,1

971,

45.7

8

MAL

ES, 1

981,

53.

94FE

MAL

ES,1

981,

46.0

6

53

.32

52

.7

3

MAL

ES, 2

011,

51.

95FE

MAL

ES,2

011,

48.0

5

PER

CEN

TAG

E

MAL

ES, 1

991,

FEM

ALES

,199

1,46

.68

MAL

ES, 2

001,

FEM

ALES

,200

1,47

.27

MALES

FEMALES

YEARS

Fig. 8.4: Composition of Population, 1961-2011

Migration There are different reasons of migration such as employment, marriage,

moved after birth etc. In 2001 the number of Migrants in Udaipur district were 79083

which comprise 14% of the total population of the district.

Literacy The number of literates in city is increasing with passing decades. In 1961 the

literacy rate among males was 34.53 and among females was 16.36. From the table 11

and fig. 8.5 it is clear that literacy rate among females is increasing at rapid rate as

compared to males. In 2011 the literacy rate among males was 44.29% which shows

increase of 9.76% from 2001 and literacy rate among females was 36.87%, which shows

increase of 20.51%.

Table 11: No. of Literates & Literacy Rate, 1961-2011

Year No. of Literates (In Lakhs) Literacy Rate

Males Females Males Females

1961 0.38 0.18 34.53 16.36

1971 0.56 0.31 34.71 19.04

1981 0.91 0.54 39.01 23.40

1991 1.22 0.82 39.54 26.70

2001 1.68 1.29 43.07 33.16

2011 2.00 1.67 44.29 36.87




Fig. 5: Literacy Rate, 1961-2011

3.2 CASTE STRUCTURE

In 1961 percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was 7.53 and 2.78

respectively. In 1971 their percentage decreases and in 1981 and 1991 it increases and from

2001 it again started decreasing. In 2011 (estimated figure) percentage of Scheduled castes

and Scheduled tribes was 8.44 and 3.69. It is shown by table 12 and fig. 6.

Table 12: Caste Structure, 1961-2011

Years % of Scheduled Castes % of Scheduled Tribes

1961 7.53 2.78

1971 6.55 1.95

1981 8.9 4.20

1991 9.76 4.77

2001 9.47 4.76

2011 8.44 3.69 Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961,1971,1981,1991,2001

Fig.6: Caste Structure, 1961-2011

3.3 RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE

It helps in taking decision regarding the area required for religious ceremonies and burial

grounds. The religious composition is shown by table 13 and fig.7. The Hindu religion is

most prominent having higher percentage share. As per 2001 census Hindus comprised

73.09 % of total population. The other religion which is of significance is Muslim

religion having percentage share of 14.9%. As per estimated figure of 2011, the

percentage of Hindus decreased and Muslims increased.




Table 14: Religious Structure, 1961-2001

Year Hindu Sikh Muslim Jain Other

1961 69.34 1.06 18.36 10.83 -

1971 71.85 0.47 17.13 9.9 0.18

1981 69.49 0.6 15.51 8.27 0.08

1991 75.16 0.78 15.47 7.99 0.02

2001 73.09 0.85 14.90 10.48 0.01

2011 71.00 0.75 16.26 11.47 - Source: Computed values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1991, 2001

3.4 WARD WISE LITERACY DISTRIBUTION

From the table 15 it is clear that there are 8 wards having literacy rate below 70%. These

wards are located at outskirts of the city except ward no. 24, 26 and 39. The wards having

literacy rate between 70-80% are 22 and they comprise area of 3046 hectares. There are

20 wards having literacy rate above 80% and they comprise area of 1365 hectares which

is much smaller than the area comprised by 22 wards having literacy between 70-80%.

The wards which are located in south of the city are recently developed due to which

literacy rate is lower. Inspite of having educational institutes all over the city, the literacy

rate is higher in ward no. 44 which is situated in walled city.

Table 15: Ward wise Literacy Distribution, 2001

Literacy (%) Wards Frequency Area

Below 70 1,4,6,8,12,24,26,39 8 2256

2,3,5,7,9,13,14,15,16,17,19,21,29,31,33,34,42 22 3046 70-80 46,47,48,49,50

10,11,18,20,22,23,25,27,28,30,32,35,36,37,38, 20 1365 Above 80 40,41,43,44,45


3.5 WARD WISE CASTE STRUCTURE

Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes comprise 14.23% of total population of the city.

There are 19 wards which are having percentage share of Scheduled castes and

Scheduled tribes population below 10%. It includes wards which are located in walled

city and some other wards. The wards which are having scheduled castes and scheduled

tribes population Above 20% are 12 and these are located in periphery of the city except

ward no. 13, 26, 39 and 49. These wards are having large areal coverage of 3195

hectares. It shows that wards which are having large area are having higher percentage of

scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The highest percentage in periphery of the city is

due to planned development in the form of housing schemes. It is shown by table 16




Table 16: Ward Wise Distribution of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population, 2001

Population Frequency Wards Area

Range (%) (Hectares)

Below 10 19 5,9,11,18,20,22,25,27,30,34,35,37,42,43,4 1439

4,45,46,50

10–20 18 7,10,15,16,17,19,24,28,29,31,32,33,38,40, 2033 41,47,48

20–30 13 1,2,3,4,6,8,13,14,26,39,49 3195 Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001

3.6 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

In respect of economic characteristics, the occupational structure and dependency ratio is studied.

Occupational Structure The occupational structure of the city is shown by table 17. It shows the

number of male and female workers engaged in different sectors of economy. It shows that among the

three sectors the maximum number of workers are engaged in secondary and tertiary sector. The

number of workers under primary and secondary sectors shows great fluctuations. The number of

workers under tertiary sector are increasing every decade except for the year 1991. The females

participation is very small. The high variation in composition leads to decrease in the standard of

living and effect the economy of the city. According to the Master Plan, the occupational structure by

2022 will be 4% in agriculture, 30% in other services, 27% in trade and commerce and 22% in

industries. Rest of the people will be employed as 6% in construction and 11% in communication and

transport.

Table 17: Composition of Main Workers, 1961 -2001

Main Workers Sex 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Cultivators Male 596 1142 1352 1162 426

Female 353 164 203 436 125

Agricultural Labourers Male 116 697 371 852 262

Female 45 191 189 424 101

Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Male 162 120 - 1395 -

Hunting & Plantation, Orchards Female - 22 - 63 - & Allied Activities

Mining & Quarrying Male - 360 - 2053 -

Female - 5 - 48 -

Manufacturing, Processing, Male 975 1282 1288 895 4820

Servicing & Repairs Female 839 159 283 348 1216 (a) Household Industry

(b) Other Than Household Male 3693 6796 - 16791 -

Industry Female 199 228 - 1021 -

Construction Male 3176 1314 - 4280 -

Female 664 242 - 394 -

Trade & Commerce Male 5408 8608 - 21156 -

Female 735 295 - 1026 -

Transport, Storage & Male 3411 4386 - 9360 -

Communications Female 28 54 - 226 -

Other Services Male 11723 15485 56250 22543 93334

Female 2396 2360 5424 7181 14696

Source: Census of India, 1961, 1971,1981,1991,2001

The number of Marginal and Non workers are shown by table 18. It shows that the number of

marginal and non-workers is increasing with passing decades and the number is more in case of




females, except for 2001 in case of Marginal worker there were 5372 male workers and 3208 female

workers.

Table 18: Number of Marginal and Non- Workers, 1961-2001

Years Marginal Workers Non Workers

Males Females Males Females

1961 - - 30793 45434

1971 - - 47251 70117

1981 309 713 65877 100329

1991 456 1871 83573 131017

2001 5372 3208 101121 164747

Source: Census of India, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001

Dependency Ratio The dependency ratio of city is fluctuating. It was highest in 2001 and lowest in

1971. To decrease the dependency ratio more economic activities should be promoted in the near

future. It is shown by table 19 and fig. 7

Table 19: Dependency Ratio of Udaipur City, 1961-2011

Years Dependency Ratio

1971 37.41

1981 39.94

1991 43.80

2001 46.47

2011 46.42 Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011

Fig. 7: Dependency Ratio of Udaipur City, 1961-2011

3.7 WARD WISE DEPENDENCY RATIO

The dependency ratio in city is 46.4%. Ward wise dependency ratio is shown by table 20 There are 26

wards which are having dependency ratio below 30% and it represents walled city with some other

wards. Inspite of having large number of wards it comprise area of 1418 hectares. There are 8 wards

which are having dependency ratio above 45% and these wards are located in periphery of the city

except ward no. 11, 26, 27 and 28. The dependency ratio in walled city is lower because the growth of

the city started from here and people are engaged in various commercial activities. The dependency

ratio is higher in ward no. 1, 4, 8 and 26 due to lower literacy rate. The wards which are having

population above 11000 shows higher dependency rate.

Table 20: Ward Wise Dependency Ratio, 2001

Dependency Frequency Wards Area

Ratio (%) (Hectares)

Below 30 26 5,9,10,13,17,20,21,22,30,32,33,3435,36,37,38 1418




,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50

30-45 16 2,3,6,12,14,15,16,18,19,23,24,25,29,31,39,40 3169

Above 45 8 1,4,7,8,11,26,27,28 2080


3.7 CONCLUSION

Udaipur is medium sized town according to UDPFI guidelines. All planned and unplanned

development comes along the public/semi-public areas and along the major roads. Landuse of the city

is not according to the UDPFI guidelines as residential area is higher than guidelines and parks and

open spaces are very less than guidelines. In Udaipur planned development is less than 10% city grows

in an unplanned manner. As the people come here for employment so due to migration of peoples, it

will affect the existing infrastructure. So there is need to work on infrastructure and on parks and open

spaces. Lack of awareness of rules and regulations. The population of the city is increasing at steady

rate. The growth rate of city indicates that population is growing at decreasing rate. It is city of low

density corridor having density of 67 persons/hectare in 2011. The highest density is in walled city

which leads to congestion and more pressure on infrastructural facilities. With the increase in

population sex ratio, literacy rate and workers engaged in different economic activities also increasing.

The large part of the population is engaged in tertiary activities. The city shows high dependency ratio,

which reflects there is need of providing more economic activities.

Bibliography

[1] (2011). Census of India . Rajasthan: DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. [2] Corporation, M. (2015-16). Swachh City. Udaipur. [3] Employment, M. o. (1996). UDPFI GUIDELINES. New Delhi.


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