© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.. During the 1700s, ______ was the first fossil fuel used, and it was...


During the 1700s, ______ was the first fossil fuel used, and it was used to

_______.

a) natural gas; heat homesb) coal; run steam enginesc) petroleum; power vehiclesd) wind; power windmills


Why is electrical power termed an “energy carrier”?

a) It is from a primary energy source.b) It is an outmoded form of energy.c) It transfers energy from a primary energy

source to the point of use.d) It is another term for “nonrenewable” energy

source.


How does a “smart grid” help avoid blackouts and brownouts?

a) It automatically starts back-up generators in a power plant.

b) It lets the consumer choose an alternate energy source.

c) It monitors problems and reacts to trouble automatically.

d) It lets a more centralized power plant increase electrical production.


If most oil in an oil well has already been removed, _______ can remove even more

oil by injecting steam or brine into the well.

a) primary recoveryb) secondary recoveryc) a strategic oil reserved) external recovery


Increased oil prices during the 1970s caused the U.S. to act—which was not a

U.S. response to higher prices?

a) Old oil fields were re-opened.b) New laws mandated increased energy

efficiency.c) Millions of barrels of oil were stored.d) Congress concentrated on increasing oil

imports from OPEC countries.


Which statement is not correct regarding conventional oil reserves in the U.S.?

a) There is increased hope for finding major new oil fields in the U.S.

b) The last major U.S. find was in Alaska.c) Drilling for oil in deep water happens only

when prices are high.d) All of the above.


a) The costs of extracting oil sand are competitive with oil.

b) Extraction of both destroys ecosystems and generates huge amounts of pollution.

c) The U.S. and Canada have huge reserves.d) All of the above are true statements.

Which statement about oil sands and oil shale is NOT correct?


Why is fracking for oil and natural gas so controversial?

a) Horizontal wells are almost impossible to drill.

b) Gas and fluids aren’t easily extracted using fracking.

c) Hydraulic fluids can escape and contaminate water sources.

d) The technology for fracking is not yet developed well enough.


What is a major problem of using coal to produce electricity?

a) Burning coal releases lots of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants.

b) Thousands of people each year are killed from diseases caused by burning coal.

c) Older plants do not have pollution controls.d) All of these are major problems of burning

coal.


Which of the following is a demand-side policy for U.S. energy?

a) Explore and develop domestic oil resources.b) Increase the use of U.S. coal reserves.c) $90 billion in subsidies is going to clean

energy and electric cars.d) Provide access to remote sources of natural

gas.


According to Fig. 14–4, what energy source has contributed to the recent

increase in energy use?

a) oilb) coalc) renewablesd) water


a) oil; coalb) natural gas; coalc) coal; nucleard) nuclear; oil

According to Fig. 14–6, _____ has recently replaced ______ from the 1970s and 1980s

to produce electricity.


What does the Carter Doctrine advocate?

a) The U.S. will increase subsidies for renewable sources of energy.

b) The U.S. will use military force to ensure access to oil.

c) The U.S. will support research and development into nuclear energy.

d) The U.S. will help developing nations access sources of nonrenewable energy.


Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding U.S. policies for energy

use?

a) The U.S. must explore and develop domestic resources.

b) The U.S. must increase the efficiency of vehicles and appliances.

c) Government subsidies for nonrenewable energy sources will be phased out.

d) The U.S. must promote renewable energy.


The U.S. nuclear industry has had lots of help from the government. Which of the following has the government NOT done

for nuclear?

a) It researched and promoted plants.b) It constructed power plants.c) Laws were passed guaranteeing insurance

coverage for any liabilities.d) It sets and enforces safety standards for

nuclear plants.


Why is nuclear power different from other sources of power?

a) With nuclear power, changes at the atomic level form new elements.

b) Nuclear power provides energy through combustion.

c) Nuclear power provides energy through chemical conversion.

d) Nuclear power plants must be huge to produce the necessary reactions.


Modern nuclear power plants use _____, which _______.

a) fusion; joins two small atoms into one large one

b) fission; splits one large atom into twoc) co-generation; produces two radioactive

atomsd) modified explosions; are barely controlled


Nuclear power plants generate heat, which is used to:

a) heat industrial facilities by co-generation. b) heat homes by co-generation.c) boil water to provide steam for driving

turbogenerators.d) All of the above.


Which of the following slows down neutrons to allow them to trigger another

reaction in a power plant?

a) reactor vesselb) reactor corec) moderatord) containment vessel


Which of the following is not correct regarding radioactive emissions?

a) Radioactive wastes are the direct and indirect products of fission.

b) Radioisotopes become stable by absorbing subatomic particles.

c) Radioactive emissions can penetrate biological tissue.

d) Ionizing radiation is not felt or seen, unless the dose is high.


Spent nuclear fuel is currently stored:

a) in deep pools of water and dry casks.b) in deep pools of water and in salt caves.c) in dry casks and deep underground wells.d) at Yucca Mountain.


Why is it unlikely that a Chernobyl-style accident could happen in the U.S.?

a) U.S. plants use water, not graphite, as a moderator.

b) U.S. plants can’t develop a high power surge.c) U.S. plants have thick containment buildings.d) All of these prevent a Chernobyl-style

accident.


a) unsafe cement used to construct the plant.b) untrained staff running the equipment.c) embrittlement, which may cause metal pipes

to crack.d) None of these—plants are completely safe.

One of the worst problems facing nuclear power plants is:


Why do many people oppose nuclear power?

a) There is still the potential for catastrophic accidents.

b) Plants are easy targets for terrorists.c) Problems of waste disposal still haven’t been

solved.d) These are all reasons people still oppose

nuclear energy.


According to Fig. 15–2, the number of in-service nuclear reactors has remained

stable at approximately ______ since the 1990s.

a) 225b) 150c) 100d) 25


a) 74b) 40c) 20d) 2

According to Fig. 15–4, the U.S. now produces ____% of its electricity from

nuclear energy.


When comparing nuclear to coal power, which of the following is NOT true?

a) A coal-fired power plant emits many tons of air pollution.

b) A nuclear accident can range from minor to catastrophic.

c) Coal plants release more radioactivity than nuclear plants.

d) Nuclear plants emit tiny amounts of CO2 when operating.


Which statement is correct about the future of nuclear energy for the U.S.?

a) Nuclear power is undergoing a revival.b) People are less likely to support nuclear

power than ever before.c) Politicians are reducing subsidies to nuclear

power.d) Nuclear energy’s bad safety record has

reduced orders for new plants.


Which of the following is a major question

that must be answered regarding renewable energy?

a) Can renewable energy work in different areas of the world?

b) Will renewable energy use ever increase?c) Can renewable energy replace fossil fuels as

the foundational energy source for society? d) Are people willing to use renewable energy?


Why do we have to switch to renewable energy?

a) to lower CO2 emissionsb) to avoid environmental effects from various

pollutantsc) Oil and gas reserves will last only a few

decades.d) All of these are reasons to switch to

renewables.


Which is a major issue regarding increasing solar energy use?

a) The amount of sunlight reaching Earth is not enough to increase solar energy use.

b) Collection, conversion, and storage of solar energy are difficult and expensive.

c) Using solar energy changes the biosphere’s energy balance.

d) All of these are issues with solar energy.


_______ use solar energy to heat water or space.

a) Flat plate solar collectorsb) Buildingsc) Thin-film PV cellsd) Concentrated solar power


Which of the following is NOT true about dams?

a) The reservoir behind the dam drowns farmland, wildlife habitats, and towns.

b) Dams do not have the costs and impacts of nuclear power plants.

c) Dams are being removed in many places.d) There are many additional sites for large

dams in the U.S.—but regulations prevent them.


Offshore wind farms are a viable source of energy (compared to land-based wind farms) for many reasons. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?

a) Offshore wind farms can access dependable, strong winds.

b) Offshore wind farms have less of a visual mpact.

c) Utility companies must buy the area to build the offshore wind farm.

d) Offshore wind farms can be dangerous to birds.


A major advantage of hydrogen gas as a fuel is ______, but a major disadvantage

is _____.

a) hydrogen is abundant; hydrogen is expensive

b) water is the only by-product; it must be generated using another energy source

c) more energy is released than is put into the process; the technology is inexpensive

d) it can be extracted from water; it releases significant amounts of pollution


What is a major advantage of using geothermal energy?

a) It can be used to heat homes or generate electricity.

b) The technology is almost ready for commercial use.

c) It is available in mostly tropical areas, which need electricity.

d) All of these are advantages of geothermal energy.


What must be true for a location to be considered ideal to harness wave

energy?

a) It must be close to shore.b) It must be deep enough to protect the

equipment.c) It must receive the wave’s force before it hits

the sea floor.d) All of these must be true to consider an area

ideal to harness wave energy.


Which of the following is a supply-side policy for renewable energy?

a) Give tax credits for heat pumps or biofuels.b) Give tax credits for increased home

efficiency.c) Require increased lightbulb efficiencies.d) Give a tax credit for energy efficient cars.


According to Fig. 16–3, about how much total energy did the U.S. use?

a) 9 quadrillion unitsb) 90 quadrillion

unitsc) 900 quadrillion

unitsd) 100 quadrillion

units


a) lower costs of wind energyb) lower efficiencies of other energy sourcesc) increased competition from fossil fuelsd) decreased access to natural gas

Which of the following is the driving force behind Fig. 16–5?


Why is it wrong to criticize solar heating for needing a backup heating system?

a) Solar heating actually increases the need for fossil fuels.

b) The only viable backup system is nuclear energy.

c) The objective of solar heating is to reduce dependency on fossil fuels.

d) None of these—solar heating is not criticized for needing a backup heating system.


What is the major criticism of creating ethanol from corn?

a) Ethanol can drive the cost of food up.b) Ethanol does not work well in conventional

car engines.c) We should not be focusing our attention on

the transportation sector.d) Any form of biofuel will not be able to make

an impact on fossil fuel use.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.. During the 1700s, ______ was the first fossil fuel used, and it was...

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