© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary Laura J. Reece, Ph.D. for SOCoP workshop Dec 3, 2010 Standards...

© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary

Laura J. Reece, Ph.D.Laura J. Reece, Ph.D.

for SOCoP workshopfor SOCoP workshop

Dec 3, 2010Dec 3, 2010

Standards Activities in Semantics and Ontologies

© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary2

If you don't know where you are going, any road will take you there.

-Lewis Carroll: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, 1865

Courtesy of Disney productions

© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary

Semantics and geospatial standards

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• Major Standards Development Organizations with semantic projects:

• ISO

• ISO/IEC

•OGC

• Will cover only ISO and ISO/IEC here• National projects covered later today• OGC projects covered later in a co-presentation


ISO and ISO/IEC – JTC1

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• International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

• ISO has – TC211 (Technical Committee) 211: Geomatics (Geospatial

Information Systems)– TC37 (Technical Committee) 37: Terminologies

• ISO/IEC has JTC1 (Joint Technical Committee) with ISO– SC32 (Standing Committee 32: Data Management and

Interchange)– SC38 (Distributed Computing: Web Services, Cloud Computing

and Service-Oriented Architecture)


ScopeStandardization in the field of digital geographic information.

This work aims to establish a structured set of standards for information concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth.

These standards may specify, for geographic information, methods, tools and services for data management (including definition and description), acquiring, processing, analyzing, accessing, presenting and transferring such data in digital/electronic form between different users, systems and locations.

The work shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.

TC211: Geomatics (Geospatial Information Sys.)

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Definition of ontology in the context of TC 211

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In the context of ISO/TC 211, an ontology refers to a formal representation of phenomena with an underlying vocabulary including definitions and axioms that make the intended meaning explicit and describe phenomena and their interrelationships that can be used by software applications to support the sharing, reuse, and integration of geographic information with any other information sources within a domain of knowledge as well as between various domains of knowledge. An ontology is represented by classes, relations, properties, attributes, and values. It constitutes a knowledge base that supports reasoning, interpretation, and inference.


1) Interoperability across domains;

2) Expose ISO/TC211 standards to other communities that are not aware of the spatial domain;

3) Automatic machine reasoning and inference;

4) From information description to knowledge description;

5) Focus on online access of information and knowledge (as opposed to offline access);

6) Interrelate similar/different concepts (such as different keywords for similar concepts in metadata);

7) Associate (similar/different) concepts between domains

Values of ontologies and Semantic Web in the context of ISO/TC 211

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19150

initiated to review the potential and benefit of ontologies and the Semantic Web to reach the objectives of ISO/TC 211 for the interoperability of geographic information.

Two NWIPs have been proposed (Brodeur, CA):

– Part 1: a framework for the development of semantics in GI.

– Part 2: rules for converting UML models of ISO/TC 211 including the General Feature Model for application schemas into OWL2

Current TC 211 Projects:

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• Development of top level ontologies which allow ontology mapping between domains

• Relationships with cross domain vocabularies

• Joint project with ISO/TC204 related GDF, to derive the road network application schema in an ontology structure

• Reasoning and inference

• Spatial operator in ISO19107:2003/ISO19125-1:2004, could they be defined and used as part of Semantic Web languages (RDF, RDF-S, and OWL)

• Semantic operators about the semantic similarity with respect to concepts, definition and use as part of Semantic Web languages (RDF, RDF-S, and OWL)

• Translation of ISO/TC 211 UML models in a Semantic Web language (ex. OWL)

• Investigate folksonomies

• Investigate tools and methodologies for developing ontologies

• Web services ontology

Issues of relevance for ISO/TC 211

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• Terminology– • ISO19104: Terminology– • ISO19135: Procedures for registration of geographic

information items– • ISO19127: Geodetic codes and parameters– • ISO19138: Data quality measures– • ISO19146: Cross domain vocabularies

• Content description– • ISO19109: Rules for application schema– • ISO19110: Feature cataloguing methodology– • ISO19126: Feature concept dictionaries and registers– • ISO19131: Data product specification

Related ISO/TC 211 works

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• Schemas– • ISO19103: Conceptual schema language– • ISO19107: Spatial schema– • ISO19108: Temporal schema– • ISO19115/-2/19: Metadata– • ISO19123: Schema for coverage geometry and functions– • ISO19125-1: Simple feature access - Common architecture

• Location-based services– • ISO19133: Tracking and navigation– • ISO19134: Multimodal routing and navigation– • ISO19141: Moving features

• Spatial referencing (Coordinate reference systems, geographic identifiers)

• Data quality principles

• Classification systems

• Common format (Encoding)– • ISO19118 Encoding (rules)– • ISO19136 GML– • ISO19139 Metadata – XML Schema implementation

Related ISO/TC 211 works

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ISO TC 37

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JTC1/SC32 Data Management and Interchange

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WG1 eBusinessWG2 MetadataWG3 DB LanguagesWG4 SQL Multimedia & Application Pkgs


Standards for data management within and among local and distributed information systems environments. SC32 provides enabling technologies to promote harmonization [of] data management facilities across sector-specific areas. Specifically, SC32 standards include:

reference models and frameworks for the coordination of existing and emerging standards;

definition of data domains, data types and data structures, and their associated semantics;

languages, services and protocols for persistent storage, concurrent access, concurrent update and interchange of data;

methods, languages, services and protocols to structure, organize and register metadata and other information resources associated with sharing and interoperability, including electronic commerce.

SC32 Scope statement:

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11179 Parts 1-6 Metadata registry (MDR)

24707 Common Logic

19763 Parts 1-10, Metamodel Framework for interoperability (MFI) including registration of ontologies; a multipart standard that includes the following parts:

· Part 1: Reference model · Part 2: Core model (merged with basic mapping from part 4 to become

Part 10) · Part 3: Metamodel for ontology registration · Part 4: Metamodel for model mapping (split between Parts 10 and 11) · Part 5: Metamodel for process model registration · Part 6: Registration procedures · Part 7: Metamodel for service registration · Part 8: Metamodel for role and goal registration · Part 9: On Demand Model Selection (ODMS) [Technical Report] · Part 10: Core model and basic mapping · Part 11: Structured model registering (Technical report)

WG2 Projects of interest

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Standardization for interoperable Distributed Application Platforms and Services including:

Web Services, [WG1]

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), [WG2] and

Cloud Computing (Study Group convened 2010)

SC38 Scope statement:

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Terms of Reference:

i. Provide a taxonomy, terminology and value proposition for Cloud Computing.ii. Assess the current state of standardization in Cloud Computing within JTC 1 and in other SDOs and consortia beginning with document JTC 1 N 9687.iii. Document standardization market/business/user requirements and the challenges to be addressed.iv. Liaise and collaborate with relevant SDOs and consortia related to Cloud Computing.v. Hold open meetings to gather requirements as needed from a wide range of interested organizations.vi. Provide a report of activities and recommendations to SC 38

SC38: Study Group on Cloud Computing (SGCC)

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Roadmap for Cloud-Client Interoperation Stds

1818

System manuals

Data dictionaries

Data Integration

ISO/IEC197631-411179 E3

XML & re

late

d st

anda

rds

Networking Software

SystemIntegration

Semantics services (SSOA)

Complex semantics Interoperability management

Data Standards

Sem

antic

Web

Ontology - MetaModelsInteroperability management

Term

inol

ogie

s, o

ntol

ogie

s

Data Management/Data Administration Internet, WWW

Local net

Sem

antic

Com

putin

g

ISO/IEC19763for RGPS

ISO/IEC111792470720944

Cloud Cloud ComputingComputing

Cloud “Data Center ”

ISO 19150

19101, 19146


WG 2 Standards Address Metadata and Semantics Management Continuum

20 limited semanticslimited semantics

fuller semanticsfuller semantics

Concepts and relations expressed in an ontology representation language that provides formal semantics (i.e., specifies logical inferences).

Formal Ontology

Taxonomy/Thesaurus Terms (possibly with definitions) & relations between terms

Glossary Terms associated with definitions (concepts)

Conceptual Model

Concepts and relations among them in a modeling language

ER/UML

OWL, Common Logic

Incr

easin

g sem

antic

s

expre

ssiv

ity

Terms


Getting the information that we need, when we need it, without afflicting the excellent minds of humans with toil and drudgery

The litany for data, information and knowledge:

Too much or too little, irrelevant, not authoritative, out of date

Unknown quality, not trustable, lacks provenance, no certainty measures

Difficult to find, difficult to access, difficult to use

Meaning not clear, relationship to other information not clear

Data creators do not have the same understanding of the data as end users

Recorded data loses much real world meaning, context, relationships

Much of the meaning of data is buried in the processes used to manipulate the data (e.g., in computer code)

Need improvements in efficiency and effectiveness

GOALS

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© 2010 TASC, Inc. | TASC Proprietary Laura J. Reece, Ph.D. for SOCoP workshop Dec 3, 2010 Standards...

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