© 2010 Donna Slawsky Taxonomies and DAM Digital Asset Managers Meetup June 29, 2010.
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Transcript of © 2010 Donna Slawsky Taxonomies and DAM Digital Asset Managers Meetup June 29, 2010.
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomies and DAM
Digital Asset Managers Meetup
June 29, 2010
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Introduction
Donna Slawsky MLIS, Pratt Institute Metadata and Taxonomy consultant Instructor, DAM for Columbia University
School of Continuing Ed Ontologist, Time Inc. Adjunct Librarian, Baruch College
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Questions
Who uses a taxonomy of some form in your DAM? For browsing assets? For keywording assets?
Is someone on staff managing a taxonomy? Do you understand
what a taxonomy is? how taxonomies are used? how taxonomies assist in asset retrieval?
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Definition
A controlled vocabulary is a list of words used to tag content and then to retrieve that content through either navigation or search.
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Why Use Controlled Vocabularies (CVs)? Offers consistency in language used to describe
content Provides agreement in (semantic) meaning of terms
used Facilitates retrieval Acts as an intermediary between the input of the user
and a database of terms by interpreting the meaning of the words (computers don’t understand word meanings…yet).
Enables search input to better represent the original intention of the use
Provides consistent and clear hierarchies for navigation
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
What is this?
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
And this?
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
How do CVs work? Define the scope or meaning of terms Use the equivalence relationship to link
synonymous or equivalent terms children = kids pants = slacks bags = handbags
Distinguish between homographs:Example: Mercury (planet) Mercury (chemical) Mercury (mythology) Mercury (automobile)
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Types of CVs
List Synonym ring Authority file Taxonomy Thesaurus
Source: NISO
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Types and Complexity of CVs
Source: NISO
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
List Limited set of terms arranged
alphabetically or other logical way. Used only if there are a limited number of possibilities.
Example of list from New York Public Library Media Center http://www.nypl.org/help/about-nypl/media-center
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Synonym Ring Only used for retrieval, not for indexing of
content items. Ensures that a concept that can be
described by a number of terms retrieves the content items of interest.
The terms are considered equivalent for the purpose of retrieval.
Bill Clinton = William Jefferson Clinton = President Clinton
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Authority File
One of the equivalent terms is the Preferred Term (PT) and others are variations Preferred term - term out of all equivalent
terms that will be used to represent a concept Important for consistent tagging Types of authority files include place names,
person names, organization namesBatman (Preferred Term)
Batman USE FOR: Dark Knight, Caped Crusader
Caped Crusader: USE Batman
Dark Knight: USE Batman
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomy
A CV consisting of preferred terms that are arranged hierarchically.
Hierarchical relationships: Broad Terms, Narrow Terms
NTs should be “Type of” or “Part of”
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Why Use Taxonomies?
Classifies and categorizes information Classifies and categorizes information (assets in DAM)(assets in DAM)
Enhances retrieval Provides a uniform language for Provides a uniform language for
subjects, asset types, organization subjects, asset types, organization depts., formats, etc.depts., formats, etc.
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomy: Hierarchy of Broad and Narrow Terms
Type of:Vegetables
Asparagus
Brussels Sprouts
Lettuce
Peas
Part of: Bicycle
Bicycle Seat
Handlebars
Pedal
Tire
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomy: Broad, Narrow Relationships in a Hierarchy
Source: NISO Standard
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Thesaurus
The most complex and detailed CV showing PT (Preferred Term), BT (Broad Term), NT (Narrow Term), RT (Related Terms), UF (Use For), Use, and Scope (term definition) giving a robust understanding of the language used for a subject domain.
See example: USDA Agriculture thesaurus at http://agclass.nal.usda.gov/dne/search.shtml
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomy Examples
Food Taxonomy in ExcelEquivalent terms or synonymsTagging on the ‘leaf’Use of ‘More’ or ‘Other’
Poly-hierarchical taxonomiesOne term, multiple parent terms
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
The Concept of Facets Facets are attributes of a content item Especially useful for browsing
Example: for a pair of pants: fabric color size brand price
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Faceted Taxonomy for Pants
Color
red
green
blue
orange
Fabric
wool
leather
silk
cotton
Brand
Gap
Lee
Marc Jacobs
Size
2
4
6
8
10For more information see sources at end of presentation
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Applications for DAM: Class Assignment Does the DAM system contain a tool out Does the DAM system contain a tool out
of the box to create and maintain of the box to create and maintain taxonomies?taxonomies? 9 out of the 13 DAM systems studied 9 out of the 13 DAM systems studied
have taxonomy management capabilitieshave taxonomy management capabilities All 9 enable use of taxonomies in the All 9 enable use of taxonomies in the
user interfaceuser interface One product of the 9 doesn’t enable One product of the 9 doesn’t enable
synonym managementsynonym management
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
How are taxonomies used to How are taxonomies used to enhance the end-user experience?enhance the end-user experience?
Browse assets Browse assets Narrow down search results Narrow down search results Type aheadType ahead Examples:Examples:
Asset BankAsset Bank Media BeaconMedia Beacon NuxeoNuxeo Canto CumulusCanto Cumulus ADAMADAM
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Taxonomy example: animalsTaxonomy example: animals
Animals Animals (level 1)(level 1)AmphibiansAmphibians (level 2) (level 2)
FrogsFrogs (level 3) (level 3)NewtsNewtsToadsToads
BirdsBirdsBirds of PreyBirds of PreyWading BirdsWading Birds
InsectsInsectsBeesBeesBeetlesBeetlesFliesFlies
MammalsMammalsCatsCatsCattleCattleDeerDeerDogsDogs
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browseAsset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browse
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browseAsset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browseAnimals (top level)
Amphibians
Birds
Insects
Mammals
Primates
Reptiles
Rodents
Sea Life
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browseAsset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browse
Animals
Mammals
CatsCattleDeerDogsHorsesPigs
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browseAsset Bank: multi-level taxonomy browse
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
Animals
Mammals
Cats
Wild
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: image detail
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: keyword browse
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Asset Bank: browse categoriesAsset Bank: browse categories
© Bright Interactive 2004-2009
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Media Beacon: browseMedia Beacon: browse
Copyright © 2010, MediaBeacon, Inc Source: Media Beacon http://videos.mediabeacon.com/Taxonomies-Episode1.mov
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Media Beacon: narrow down Media Beacon: narrow down search resultssearch results
Copyright © 2010, MediaBeacon, Inc
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Canto Cumulus: multi-level browseCanto Cumulus: multi-level browse
Copyright © 2010 Canto, Inc.
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Canto Cumulus: manage taxonomyCanto Cumulus: manage taxonomy
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Customized two-level browse
© www.adamsoftware.net
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
ADAM: multi-level taxonomy browseADAM: multi-level taxonomy browse
© www.adamsoftware.net
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
ADAM: select classification for asset editADAM: select classification for asset edit
© www.adamsoftware.net
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Type Ahead
Controlled vocabulary terms
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Tips and take-aways User testing is highly recommended for the
search user interface Ask users about search and browse
experiences they like to use on the web Consult with SMEs for vocabularies Keywords and subject taxonomies are usually
two different CV’s Don’t re-invent the wheel to create subject
taxonomies. Many are available free or through a licensing arrangement. See http://www.taxonomywarehouse.com
Authority lists are available through the Library of Congress http://authorities.loc.gov/
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Sources for more information Taxonomy Warehouse http://www.taxonomywarehouse.com Live version of Asset Bank from British Geological Survey:
http://geoscenic.bgs.ac.uk/asset-bank/action/viewHome Live demo Canto Cumulus http://www.canto.com/en/docs/flash/web_client_tour/frames.html Media Beacon taxonomies in DAM video http://videos.mediabeacon.com/Taxonomies-
Episode1.mov Blog post on integrating folksonomy tagging with controlled vocabularies
http://www.aiimcommunities.org/e20/blog/organizing-chaos-tag-it by Bert Sandie “Designing for Faceted Search” by Stephanie Lemieux
http://www.earley.com/knowledge/articles/designing-faceted-search Faceted Browse DAM Product from Endeca: http://www.endeca.com/solutions-media-
publishing-digital-asset-navigation.htm Building a keyword library for description of visual assets: Thesaurus basics
http://www.palgrave-journals.com/dam/journal/v3/n3/full/3650074a.html by Donna Slawsky Syllabus for DAM course at Columbia University
https://courseworks.columbia.edu/public/IDRMK4340_001_2010_1 National Information Standards Organization. “Guidelines for the Construction, Format,
and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabulary.” ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005. NISO Press. July 25, 2005. http://www.niso.org/kst/reports/standards?step=2&gid=None&project_key%3Austring%3Aiso-8859-1=7cc9b583cb5a62e8c15d3099e0bb46bbae9cf38a
© 2010 Donna Slawsky
Contact Info
Connect on LinkedIn Question for you:
Looking for DAM managers willing to be interviewed by a student and offer a tour of your DAM system for a midterm paper in the Fall.