© 2008 Trooper D.K. Hensley of North Carolina State ... · Eyes moving back and forth (Shifty...

U.S. Dept. of Justice (LEOKA) F.B.I. Bulletins Interview and Interrogation N.C.J.A A.O.M.P. “Drama Triangle” On Combat & On Killing Lt. Col. Grossman Bureau of A.T.F. Street Survival Seminars Interesting Facts of COP Killers


N.C. B.L.E.T. 2000 & Instructors Course “The Anatomy of Fear and How it Relates to

Survival Deception Detection Techniques Course DHS

and Naval Research Laboratory “Body Language and Interrogation” ”Never be Lied to Again” “Body Language for Dummies” Close to 20 More…


The information presented in this Lesson Plan,combined with other facts and observations may

possibly assist the Officer with developingReasonable Suspicion that an individual(s) could

possibly present a threat.However, this information alone does not

establish Probable Cause and does NOT support aseizure. Use of force and seizures MUST BE IN

COMPLIANCE with Constitutional and StatutoryLaw, Relevant Case Law, and Departmental

Policies.


At the conclusion of this block of instruction the student will be able to achieve the following:

1. Recognize indicators of an armed individual 2. Identify verbal and non-verbal cues of deception3. Enhance street level interrogation skills to promote

more effective communication4. Enhance officer safety through recognition of pre-

assaultive behavior based on indicators the suspect displays.

5. Enable the student to perform Reality Based Training (R.B.T.) to demonstrate knowledge andproficiency of curriculum


How Long Will This Fight Last?

12

34

56

78

9

THEM

US

Training Scar


The most complete sentence in Law Enforcement is…

STOP!!!

8

Two things that DOJ say will save your life:

▪ Technological Advances “Vest”

▪ Advanced Medical Support

Hand of GOD

9

When in a confrontation that turns lethal, simply MOVING increases your chances of survival . If you move to COVER and FIGHT BACK, it increases your chances of survival even more.

PRIORITIES

MOVE (60%), SHOOT (90%), TACTICAL

SCAN, AND THEN COMMUNICATE.

Moving to Cover


1. They must see the threat. 2. They must properly assess the threat.

3. They must ACCEPT the threat.

4. They must formulate a plan.5. They must act on that plan.


Chemicals dumped into Body through Stress/Fight or Flight Situations

Have a variety impacts on the Human Body

Occur in both Officer and Subject

Can be inoculated against

Sympathetic Reflex

Epinephrine

Adrenaline

Cortisol

Dopamine

Para Sympathetic Reflex

Serotonin

Melatonin

12

Blood pools in the Core of the body

Blood thickens

Heart Rate Increases

Vascular Constriction Occurs

Acts as a pain killer

Reduces likelihood of Bruising & Bleeding

Dry and bitter tasting mouth.

13

US

32%- 36% accurate

Practice 2.5 times a year

6.8% street combat vets.

12% extra weapons

Mind set to control with less force

“We fight for our job….”

THEM

70% accurate

Practice 23-24 times a year

40%-50% street combat vets.

40%-50% extra weapons

Mind set to kill with max force

“They fight to win”


“The first minute I was fighting for my JOB,The last few seconds I was fighting for my

life!”

Wayne Embry CMPD

17

1. Body language indicators of armed subjects

2. Clothing indicators of armed subjects3. Body language and verbal pre-assault

indicators4. Street level interrogation skills5. Street level lie detection skills


1. They learn and understand a basic theory of street survival.

2. They practice their street survival skills.

3. They sharpen those skills in the real world environment.

4. They apply these skills in the real world environment.


1. Adjustment of clothing after body positional change.

2. Tapping or rubbing the weapon.3. Uneven gait while walking.4. Blading the body from the officer.5. Arms not swinging evenly.6. Holding arm tight against the body while

moving or running.7. Reassuring glance to the area.


7. Elbow tight against the body.8. Not bending over at the waist.9. Pulling or tugging of the shirt with body

movement.10. Squaring off corners.11. Reaching for documents with hand farthest

away especially while looking at officer 12. Target Locked – the one thing that he needs,

wants, desires or fears the most


13. Reaching above their heads while hands are uneven.

14. Over animated on one side of their body.15. “C – shaping” their body.16. Making elevation changes with out using

their hands (vehicle exits).17. Suspect freeing up his strong hand.


Cut the body into sections.


93% in front waist

band

3% in back waistband

96% of cop

killers in a 15

year period.

1. Lower seam of the coat or shirt is out of level2. Hood of a sweat shirt is pulled to a sharp

point3. An article of clothing that continues to swing

after the body stops moving4. Clothing that doesn’t match the conditions


5. Coats that are unzipped except for last two or three inches.

6. Clothing fiber stress7. Shirts that are ½ tucked8. Dress shirts that are un-tucked


FACE AND EYES

39

Direction of movement

Eye movement can indicate thought

processes.

-Subject’s up movement is visual

memorization.

-Subject’s right is constructional.

-Subject’s left is auditoria.

-Subject’s down is emotional. 40

1. Smile with staring eyes – threat (When an individual becomes defensive / aggressive, their eye contact will increase drastically

2. Showing or grinding teeth – fury, aggression3. Smile with squinted eyes and the eyebrows lowered –

superiority or hostility4. Fixed look in the eyes – hostility5. . Thin lips – hostility, a sign that something is wrong or

they are troubled.6. Turning red in the face – shame, anger7. Short nosed breathing – anger


8. Half wry smile (Oblong smile) Contempt – controlled nervousness

9. Smile with open eyes and eyebrows raised – willingness to obey

10. Smile without tightening around the eyes- insincerity, fake11. Squinted eyes – mistrust

12. Flared nostril to one side when answering a question –disgust, untruthfulness (almost a snarl). Also the same when asked a question, the suspect takes in a deep breath of air.


13. Eyes moving back and forth (Shifty eyes) – anxiety, shame, lying, fear (Watch closely for this action during roadside interviews). NEED TO SEE WHERE THE FEET ARE POINTED AS WELL!

15. Look for heartbeat in belly, indicates Fight or Flight– fear, anxiety.

15. Vacant look – concentrated through reflection

16. Squinted eyes – mistrust



18. Squinted eyes – mistrust


20. Vasoconstriction – sudden change of color, fear, guilt.

21. Uneven breathing, throat spasms, dry throat, licking the lips, reflex saliva swallowing – fear, shame, lying

22. Frequent winking – excitement, lying


Eye movement does NOT indicate deception Indicates cognitive processing

Subject’s up movement is visual memorization.

Subject’s right is constructional.

Subject’s left is auditoria.

Subject’s down is emotional


DisgustContemptDistressFear

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FOUO)WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION EXEMPT FROM MANDATORY DISCLOSURE UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 5 U.S.C

552(b)(2). DO NOT RELEASE WITHOUT PRIOR APPROVAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

Upper face:

• Eyebrows lowered (Optional)

Middle face:

• Nasolabial furrow is

deepened (Key)

• Nose crinkled (Optional)

Lower face:

• Upper lip raised (Key); can be

bilateral or unilateral

Disgust

Contempt is always one-sided;

Unilateral

Lower face:

• Tightening of the lip

corner with the lip corner

slightly angled up;

occurs only on one side

of the mouth; unilateral (Key)

• The opposite lip corner

may be raised slightly (Optional)

Upper face:

• Horizontal wrinkles concentrated in

the center of the forehead (Key)

• Raised INNER corners of eyebrows

(Key); which can create a slight

diagonal shape (Optional)

• Pulling together of the eyebrows

paired with the raising of the inner

corners of the brow (Optional); this

may cause vertical wrinkling in

between the brows (Optional)

• Wrinkles or dimples may appear just

above the inner corners of the brows

due to the isolated inner corner raise (Optional)

Lower face:

• Lip corners angled down (Optional)

Upper face:

• Horizontal wrinkles can extend

much of the way across the

entire forehead (Key)

• Inner and outer eyebrows are

raised and DRAWN

TOGETHER (Key); this can

cause the eyebrows to appear

straighter across (Optional)

• Eyebrows can have a

squiggled effect (a slight dip in

the center of the brow) (Optional)

• The eyes may be open wide

with a tense appearance (Optional)

Fear

1. Excessive gesticulation – anxiety, uncertainty

2. Brushing hair with fingers, especially on initial contact, the farther down the back of the head/neck the more stress that is felt – anxiety

3. Touching or slightly rubbing nose – lying, thinking of a new argument

4. Rubbing eye – doubt, disbelief, lying


GESTURES

58

5. Wringing of hands or other repetitive movements –nervousness, embarrassment

6. Pinching palms – aggression

7. Dressing down, removing clothing – aggression, hostility

8. Chin drops and target locks on you – critical attitude, aggression

8. 2. Clenched fists – excitement, aggression

9. Apparent intention to lean against something – feeling of trouble, not knowing how to get out of the situation, weak in the knees.


1. Thumbs tucked behind the belt or in the pockets -aggression, self confidence (Could be establishing hand position for a weapon)

2. Hands in the pocket with thumbs trusting out -superiority

3. Arms crossed on the chest especially if both hands are grasping the biceps and you can see indentions in the clothing or skin – rejection, defensive

4. Head lowered - negative attitude


5. Head slightly backward - smoldering aggression

6. Hands open with finger pointed down with shoulders elevated – aggression, pre-attack

7. Oral fixation – cigarette, nicotine products, gum – attempt to control or suppress basic emotion

8. Elevated shoulders - agitation, aggression


1. Use of profanity or extremely degrading language -Aggression, senses of loss of control, attempt to regain control.

2. Use of conversation dead stops or declarations; whatever, You do that, what for ,why don’t you, Sure, Fine, That’s Fine, You do that!, No!, Not going to do it - Aggression, desperation, no longer willing to communicate.

3. A question following an order from the officer. -Buying time, formulating plan, pre attack.


UNDERSTANDING DECEPTION

67

PERSECUTOR RESCUER

VICTIM


Three Inverted questions to ask before asking the violator to exit the vehicle….

You wouldn’t do anything to hurt me would you?

Do you have anything on you that will hurt me?

AND at the same time

Do you mind if I search?


H

L

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

GenPop.

Neg empathy

Pos empathy

Science of evil

Cop Killers

1) Would you ever hurt me? Do you have anything that can hurt me and do you care if a check? (questions to understand their empathy level)2) When was the last time you where charged with a criminal violation and motor vehicle violation and what where the charges?( three amp- questions to find

truth response)

WHY DO WE LIE?

1. TO AVOID A NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE.

2. TO GAIN A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE.


A lie is an attempt to create in another a belief which the communicator considers to be untrue.

Vrij, Aldert Detecting Lies and Deceit, 2002



Deliberate: An intentional act. Does not communicate the truth. Verbal or Non-Verbal. Conceals Information Without Consent



1. Falsification2. Exaggeration3. Distortions4. Withholding Information “Omission”5. Denial6. Qualifying7. Deflection/Absorption8. Linking9. De-Escalator10. Separator



Skill of the Liar Listener may want to believe the Lie Failure to Detect Indicators Lack of Baseline Failure to Validate the Information Received May Not have the knowledge about the subject Focus on what is said Not Cues and Contradictions Truth Bias Bias and Stereotyping



Path of

DistortionQuestion = Answer = to a lie

Amp- Question= Answer=to a Lie

Amp- Question= Answer=to a Lie

Suspect lies using the 3-D’SDistort

Dilute Direct

Easy Amplifier Questions

Who, What, When, Where, Why, How

Leakage PrincipleCognitive and Emotional Load

High Stakes and Low Stakes Lying

Stakes=>Cognitive Load + Emotional Load = Leakage on Face, Body or Speech

Individual Baseline

FIT or No FITFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FOUO)

WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION EXEMPT FROM MANDATORY DISCLOSURE UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 5 U.S.C


1. “Just”2. “I Mean”3. “Like What?”4. Questions Answered with a Question.5. Stuttering During Responses.6. Talking While Covering Their Mouths.


7. “Kind of, Pretty Much, Probably”8. Body Gestures That Don’t Match Verbal

(Nods, Shakes and Verbal).9. Numbers that Repeat.10. Emphasis and Up Swings on Words in

Statements.11. Double or Triple Stamps of words


1. Constantly swallowing or clearing the throat

2. Avoiding eye contact

3. Running fingers through the hair

4. Unable to stand still

5. Looking at contraband (even if out of view)


5. Turning body sideways in window (Blocking)

6. Touching face or mouth while answering

7. Blinking eyes and dry mouth.


© 2008 Trooper D.K. Hensley of North Carolina State ... · Eyes moving back and forth (Shifty...

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Transcript of © 2008 Trooper D.K. Hensley of North Carolina State ... · Eyes moving back and forth (Shifty...