© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Chapter 10: Graphic Illustrations

PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski

and Mimi Markus

Bridging the Gap, 8/eBrenda Smith

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

In this Chapter You Will Learn about:

What graphic illustrations doHow to read:

– Diagrams– Tables– Maps– Graphs– Flowcharts

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What Do Graphics Do?

CondenseClarifyConvince

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Five Kinds of Graphic Illustrations

DiagramsTablesMapsGraphsFlowcharts

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

How to Read Graphic Material (Part 1)

Read the title to get an overview

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

How to Read Graphic Material (Part 2)

Look for footnotes and read italicized introductory material

Identify the who, where, and howHow and when were the data

collected?

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How to Read Graphic Material (Part 3)

Who collected the data?How many persons were included in

the survey?Do the researchers seem to have been

objective or biased?Considering the above information,

does the study seem valid?

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Diagrams

A diagram is an outline drawing or picture of an object or a process

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Tables

A table is a listing of facts and figures in columns and rows for quick and easy reference

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How to Read a Table

First read the title for the topicThen read the footnotes to judge

the sourceNext determine what each column

represents and how they interact

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Maps

Traditional Maps:Show the location of cities, waterways,

sites, and roadsShow differences in the physical terrain

of specified areasA modern map highlights special

characteristics or population distribution of a particular area

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How to Read a Map

Note the title, source, and dateStudy the legend for meanings of

symbols and shading

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Pie Graphs

A pie graph is a circle that is divided into wedge-shaped slices

The complete pie or circle represents a total, or 100 percent

Each slice is a percent or fraction of the whole

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Bar Graphs

A Bar Graph is:A series of horizontal or vertical bars in

which the length of each bar represents a particular amount

A series of different items can be quickly compared by noting the different bar lengths

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Cumulative Bar Graph

Cumulative bar graphs can be displayed to show acumulative effect.

All segments add up to the top line or total amount

Groups are stacked on top of each other to show differences

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Line Graph

A Line Graph is:A continuous curve or frequency

distribution in which numbers are plotted in an unbroken line

The horizontal scale measures one aspect of the data

The vertical line measures another aspectAs the data fluctuate, the line will change

direction and will become very jagged

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Flow Charts

Flow charts provide a diagram

of the relationships and sequence

of elements.

Key ideas and supporting ideas are stated in standard shapes such as boxes, ovals, and diamonds

Boxes are linked by arrows

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

Visit the Longman English Pages

Take a Road Trip to Wall Street!

Be sure to visit the Graphics and

Visual Aids module

in your

Reading Road Trip CD-ROM

for multimedia tutorials, exercises, & tests.

http://www.ablongman.com/englishpages