© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. The world’s networking company SM An Evolution Path for...
-
Upload
emory-lang -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of © 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. The world’s networking company SM An Evolution Path for...
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved.
The world’s networking company SM
An Evolution Path for Numbering and Interconnection
Future Of Numbering Symposium
November 4, 2004Presented by Penn Pfautz
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 2
Don’t Count NANP Numbers Out
• Excitement about role of IP addresses/”handles” is interesting, and will be key in some applications, but ….
• Telephone numbers aren’t going away• Key pads limit alphabetic entry• Numbers support customer demands for privacy• Ubiquity of telephone numbers in telephony and non-
telephony systems makes numbers hard to give up
• BUT, the role of numbers in actual routing will diminish as telephony becomes an application on IP networks
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 3
Numbering & Interconnection
• Numbers are about interconnection• NPA-NXX defines point of interconnection, not end
user location• Point of Interface (POI) model lets users move
without impacting calling party billing or carrier settlements
• Wireless and foreign exchange service are existence proofs for the POI model
• IP will change interconnection• All numbers will be 10-digit translated
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 4
The Triad• Three potential developments could revolutionize
the current paradigm for numbering and interconnection
• Internet Interconnection• Infrastructure ENUM• Individual Telephone Number Pooling
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 5
The Evolution of Interconnection
• Circuit-switched interconnection model • Of necessity bilateral• Currently makes arbitrary distinctions between
technically equivalent traffic types for MOU charges to provide subsidies
• Intercarrier Compensation Forum reform proposals already contemplate transition to Bill & Keep
• IP interconnection model • Based on peering or purchase of Internet access• Any public IP address reachable by any party with
Internet accessWhich direction will VoIP interconnection take?
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 6
Internet Interconnection
• All carriers provide at minimum a point of interconnection accessible through the Internet
• Point or points to which SIP INVITEs and bearer traffic can be deliveredAlternate arrangements may be negotiatedCan be accomplished by purchase of gateway and
ISP access where a carrier lacks its own IP network
Will only carriers or any entity be allowed to deliver traffic?
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 7
Infrastructure ENUM• Carriers provide ENUM entries with their Internet
POI for numbers they serve• Separate from end user opt-in ENUM• Could replace number portability databases for Toll-
Free as well as geographic numbers)• Tier 1 Registry could replace NPAC, SMS 800,
perhaps LERG• Actual routing data under carrier control in Tier 2
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 8
Individual Telephone Number Pooling
• As with toll-free, numbers not in service or aging are available to all carriers
• More efficient utilization of resources since block size=1
• NRUF, code/block acquisition processes eliminated since Registry provides support for measurements, resource assignment
• Supports TN-based USF reform
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 9
In an IP environment many of the problems of implementing ITN in legacy networks are mitigated
• LRNs (and thus NPA-NXX assignments) no longer required since routing is based on ENUM translation to Internet address
• Price curve for VoIP technology will make it affordable for even small/rural carriers
© 2004 AT&T, All Rights Reserved. -DRAFT 10
Conclusion
• Many oxen gored but,• Highly efficient structure based on Internet concepts
replaces many unwieldy industry processes (could even add Do Not Call registry)
• Significant conservation benefits• Fosters competition
• Transition would take time but market forces will drive in this direction