© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Police Management.
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Transcript of © 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Chapter 6 Police Management.
© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1
Chapter 6
Police Management
© 2003 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2
Styles of Policing
• watchman style• legalistic style• service style
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Watchman Style:• order maintenance• controlling illegal and
disruptive behavior• considerable use of
discretion
Styles of Policing
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Styles of Policing
Legalistic Style:
• committed to enforcing the letter of the law
• “laissez-faire” policing
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Styles of PolicingService Style:• reflect the needs of
the community• work with social services
and assist communities in solving problems
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Police-Community Relations
• 1960’s – A new style of service oriented policing emerged.
• Public-relations officers are appointed to “Neighborhood Watch” programs, drug-awareness workshops, etc.
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• strategic policing
• problem-solving policing
• community-oriented policing
Police-Community Relations
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Contemporary Policing
The Individual OfficerThe Individual Officer
Considerable discretion based on many factors including:
• background of the officer
• characteristics of the suspect
• department policy
• community interest
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Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges
• police stress
• on the job dangers
• use of deadly force
• public expectations surrounding
the enforcement of laws
• societal change
Contemporary Policing
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Police PersonalityJerome Skolnick
Justice without Trial (1966)Process of informal socializationthat includes six recognizable characteristics:
•conservative •cynical •hostile
•authoritarian•suspicious•individualistic
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Police CultureWilliam Westly (1953)
Police have their own:
• customs• laws• morality
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Working Personality
All aspects of the traditional values and patterns of behavior evidenced by police officers who have been effectively socialized into the police subculture.
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Working Personality
Characteristics of the police
personality often extend to the personal lives of law enforcement officers.
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Corruption and Integrity
Power, authority, and discretion produce great potential for abuse.
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Corruption is the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain.
Corruption and Integrity
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Corruption
Grass Eaters:
• most common form of corruption
• illegitimate activity which occurs from time to time in the normal
course of police work
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Grass EatersGratuitiesGratuities Playing FavoritesPlaying Favorites
not giving a friend a ticket
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Minor BribesMinor Bribes
Intentional SpeedingIntentional Speeding
Grass Eaters
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Corruption
• more serious form of corruption
• active seeking of illicit money-making opportunities by officers
Meat Eaters:
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Role Malfeasance
Major Bribes
Meat Eaters
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Meat Eaters• protecting “corrupt” cops• property crimes committed by
police• burglary• theft• criminal enterprises• resale of confiscated drugs• resale of stolen property
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Meat Eaters• denying civil rights• specific acts prevent due
process• violent crimes committed by
police• physical abuse of suspects• nonjustifiable homicide
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Integrity Promoting police integrity by:• integrating police ethics
training into programs• conducting research in the
area of ethics• studying departments that are
models in the area of police
ethics
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Drug Testing of Police Employees
National Institute of Justice - 1986
• 33 large police departments were sampled.
• Almost all departments had written procedures to test employees who were reasonably suspected
of drug abuse.
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• 73 % of the departments were testing recruits.
• 21 % were considering testing all officers.
Drug Testing of Police Employees
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Dangers in Police Work
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Risk of Disease
• AIDS• Hepatitis B• Tuberculosis
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Possible Ways of Transmission• from breath alcohol instruments • handling evidence of all types• handling implements such as
staples• emergency delivery of a baby• risk of bite attacks by infected
individuals• body removal
Risk of Disease
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Stress• normal component
of police work
• ranks among top ten stress producing jobs in United States
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Serious stress over long periods can be destructive and life threatening.
Stress
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Four Types• external• organizational• personal• operational
Stress
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Stress: ExternalReal dangers when
answering calls:Real dangers when
answering calls:
• fights in progress• possible gun play• hostage situations• high speed car
chases
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Stress: Organizationalgenerated by factors like paperwork, training requirements, and testifying in court
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Stress: Personalinterpersonal
relationships among officers
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Stress: Operational
impact of the need to combat tragedies
of daily urban life
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Stress/Frustration• Reality is far
from ideal.
• An arrest may not lead to conviction.
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• Evidence may not be admissible.
• Jury may acquit. • Sentences may not be long enough.
Stress/Frustration
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Police become frustrated bythe inability to be effective, regardless of the amount of personal effort they put forth.
Stress/Frustration
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The suicide rate for police officers is twice that of thegeneral population.
Stress/Frustration
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1983 Lawsuits
Title 42, Section 1983• passed by Congress in 1871• allows for civil suits to be
brought against anyone [including police] for denying others their constitutional rights to life, liberty or property without due process
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Police Use of Force
use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public
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Imminent Danger Standard
restricts the use of deadly force to ONLY those situations where the lives of agents or others are in danger