© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved. DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES...

© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved.

DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES

Fishing Technology



Agenda

• Jarring Operation

• Fishing in Laterals

• Job Planning

• Fishing for Junk

• Procedures to Part Pipe

• Fishing for Parted Pipe



Jarring is the process of transferring stored energy (drill pipe stretch) in the drillstring to kinetic energy by releasing the detent in the Jar at a given overpull value

When the jar trips the energy is released providing sudden impact

Definition of Jarring



A device (as a catch, dog, or spring-operated ball) for positioning and holding one mechanical part in relation to another so that the device can be released by force applied to one of the parts

Definition of Detent



• The two basic types of jars are mechanical and hydraulic

• These terms refer to the method of tripping the jar

• Hydraulic jars work by using a hydraulic fluid cushion to delay the tripping of the jar until the desired pull/stretch in the string is achieved

Up Stroke Fishing Jars



• The time delay is provided by hydraulic fluid being forced through small jets slowing movement of the mandrel

• When the inner mandrel enters the large bore area, the oil is rapidly dumped allowing the jar to fire

Hydraulic Jarring Operations



HydraulicFluid

Restricted Flowpath

Mandrel Restricted Movement

Mandrel Free

Movement

Hydraulic Fluid Bypass

Hydraulic Fishing Jar

Operating PrinciplesMovie Clip



• Hydraulic jar firing delay is dependent on a combination of load and time

• Mechanical jars have a preset load that causes the jar to trip only when that push/pull load is achieved

• They are sensitive to load only and not time

Up Stroke Fishing Jar



• Mandrel, jay stem, and spring stem one piece

• Spring loaded jay slots and rollers

Mechanical Drilling Jars

Operating Principles



• Vertical wells

• Directional wells with less than 30º hole angle

• Upper tool when using tandem jars

Mechanical Drilling Jars

Applications



. . . . . . For over 50 years the icon for drilling For over 50 years the icon for drilling jars.jars.

. . . . . . the original Dailey Jar.the original Dailey Jar.

Made with a heavy wall mandrel for maximum torque and minimum backlash.Internal components are designed to withstand abrasion and corrosion in virtually any

downhole environment.

Lower Connector

Polished Stem

Upper Connector

Barrel

Lower Packing Body

Upper Packing Body Jay Stem

Jay RollersTorque Spring

WashpipeSpring Stem

Dailey® L.I. Mechanical Drilling Jar



Tensile and Torsional Yield values are calculated per API RP7G and based on nominal dimensions and published yield strength of material and do not constitute a guarantee, actual or implied.

U.S. Patent No. 4,498,548

Outside Diameter (in.) 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 7/8 7 3/4

Inside Diameter (in.) 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4

Tool Joint Size (API) NC-383 1/2 IF

NC-464 1/2 XH4 1/2 IF

5 1/2 Reg. 6 5/8 Reg

Tensile Yield* ( x 1000 lbs.) 440 740 962 1,148

Torsional Yield* ( x 1000 ft. lbs.) 15 27.2 46 66.3

Up Stroke (lbs.) FactoryDown Stroke (lbs.) Settings

69,70032,900

94,30037,600

98,40042,300

102,50042,300

Max. Overpull Up/Down (lbs.) 75,000 118,000 120,000 125,000

Approx. Length Extended(ft. - in.)

30' - 6" 34' - 0" 34' - 6" 35' - 6"

Approx. Weight (lbs.) 1,340 2,500 3,150 4,000

Free Travel Upstroke (in.) 8 5/8 7 1/8 7 7/8 7 3/4

Free Travel Downstroke (in.) 8 8 8 8 1/4

Max. BHT (°F) 325 325 325 325

Pump Open Area (sq. in.) 7.7 11.0 14.2 17.7


Specifications



Additional hevi-weight drill pipe - A computer jar placement program is required to determine optimum number

Hevi-weight below jars-approximately 20,000 Lbs.

Sufficient drill collar weight for drilling operations

Drilling Jars in tension

Jar Placement - vertical hole or less than 30o



Calculating Trip Load

6-1/4 “ O.D. Dailey® L.I. Mechanical JarJars currently in tensionNot circulating

Last recorded slack-off weight

MINUS BHA weight below jar

MINUS down jar trip load

MINUS pump open force

230,000 lbs

- 20,000 lbs

- 40,000 lbs

- 0 lbs

Rig Weight Indicator to Trip Jar = 170,000 lbs

Given:

Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart a downward blow?



* Differential pressure at Jar can be approximated by using calculated bit pressure drop.

Pump Open Force =

Area(in2) x Diff. Pressure* (psi)

Pump Open Force

7 3/4” OD

6 7/8” OD

6 1/4” OD

4 3/4” OD

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (psi)

PUM

P O

PEN

FO

RCES

(lb

s.)


Specifications - Pump Open Force




6-1/4 “ O.D. Dailey® L.I. Mechanical JarJars currently in tension1800 psi pressure

Given:

Find: Expected reading on the rig weight indicator when jars are tripped to impart an upward blow?



PLUS up jar trip load setting


330,000 lbs

- 20,000 lbs

+ 80,000 lbs

- 20,000 lbs




Drill Collars in Vertical Section

Hevi-weight in curve

Hydraulic or Mechanical Drilling Jars?

Drill Pipe above Mud Motor and Bit in Horizontal Section

BHA in Directional Hole < 30o




6-1/2 “ O.D. Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing JarJars currently in compressionNot pumping

Given:




MINUS desired trip load setting


330,000 lbs

- 10,000 lbs

- 50,000 lbs

- 0 lbs





0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

75000

80000

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400

PU

MP

OP

EN

FO

RC

ES

(lb

s.)

7 3/4” O.D.

6 1/2” O.D.

6 1/4” O.D.

4 3/4” O.D.

4 1/4” O.D.

3 3/4” O.D.

3 1/8” O.D.

2 1/4” O.D.1 13/16” O.D.

Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring.

Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock or jar down.


Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing




6-1/2 “ O.D. Dailey® Hydraulic Fishing JarJars currently in tension1800 psi pump pressure

Given:




PLUS desired trip load setting


330,000 lbs

- 10,000 lbs

+ 80,000 lbs

- 35,000 lbs




Drill Collars in Vertical Section

Hevi-weight in curve

Hydraulic Jar

Mechanical Jar

Drill Pipe above Mud Motor and Bit in Horizontal Section

BHA in Directional Hole > 30o



• Applying the most appropriate jarring action quickly is key to freeing stuck pipe

• The calculations are uncomplicated, but in the heat of the problem, small calculations can appear complex

• Determine before hand the push/pull required to fire the jars in either direction

• Jarring should start in the opposite direction to that which got the string stuck

Successful Use of Jars



• Incorrect weight applied to fire the jar• Pump open force exceeds compression

force at the jar• Stuck above the jar• Jar not cocked• Drag to high to allow sufficient force to be

applied• Well path is such that compression cannot

be applied• Right hand torque is trapped in torque

setable jars• Not waiting long enough for jar to fire

Reasons for Jar Failures



• Avoid placing the jars below stabilizers, reamers, key seat wipers or other tools with a larger O.D.

• Leave 3 to 5 feet of kelly above bushings to provide slack off length to cock the jar

• Maintain jar fully in tension or compression

• Avoid using jars as cross over point: DC to jar to HWDP

• Run slowly through tight spots to avoid triggering

• Anytime the DNT or Hydraulic jar is above the rotary table, install mandrel clamp

Rules of Thumb for Drilling Jars



• Time and Field Proven

• Factory Preset Tripping Load

• L.I. Fully Adjustable Down Hole

• D.N.T. Not Adjustable Down Hole

• Straight Push/Pull

• Trips Both Up and Down

• Fast Re-cocking

• No Waiting Period

Advantages of Mech. Drlg. Jar



Accelerators

Fishing Jars

Bumper Sub

Attachment Tool

Drill Collars

Standard Fishing String



• Release spear or overshot

• Jar down on fish

• Move work string approximately 20”

• Help get over fish

• Predetermined weight on Internal cutter

• Swage tool

Fishing Bumper Jar Uses



• Use a lubricated bumper sub instead of a mechanical bumper sub if pumping is anticipated

• More sealing elements, not as likely to wash out

• In hot holes, special high temperature seals may be ordered from the manufacturer

Lubricated Bumper Sub



• Pick up to open stroke stretch string

• Drop string and catch abruptly

• Stop 6” from closing jar

• Spring downward; deliver a sharp blow

• Requires practice & finesse


Operating Procedures



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

75000

80000

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400


PU

MP

OP

EN

FO

RC

ES

(lb

s.)

7 3/4” O.D.

6 1/2” O.D.

6 1/4” O.D.

4 3/4” O.D.

4 1/4” O.D.

3 3/4” O.D.

3 1/8” O.D.

2 1/4” O.D.

Pump pressure effects cocking and down jarring

Reduce pump to idle before attempting to cock or jar down





• Used in vertical, directional and extended reach wells with elevated torque and drag

• Used as lower tool when running tandem jars

• In any case with limited overpull capacity

Hydraulic Oil Jars Applications



• Hydraulic time delay with mechanical triggering

• Straight push/pull

• Variable tripping loads

• Consistent time delay

• No bleed-off

• Protected seals and impact shoulders

• Increased overpull limit

Hydraulic Fishing Jar Advantages



Outside Dia. (in.) 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 7 3/4

Inside Dia. (in.) 1/2 11/16 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 15/16 2 1/8 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3/4 3

Tool Joint (API)1 13/16

WFJ1 1/4Reg

2 3/8Reg

2 7/8PAC 2 3/8 IF 2 3/8

EUE 2 7/8 IF 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 6 5/8Reg

Tensi le Yield*(x 1000 lbs.)

75 110 250 200 275 225 325 500 1,000 1,000 1,600

Torsional Yield*(x 1000 ft. lbs.)

1.6 2.5 5.0 5.0 7.8 3.75 15 20 49.3 56.2 100

Max. Overpull(x 1000 lbs.)

20 30 45 35 45 45 55 85 200 175 260

LengthClosed (ft.-in.)

7'-0" 7 '-10" 9 '-0" 8 '-8" 9 '-0" 9 '-0" 9 '-0" 9 '-11" 12'-2" 12'-9" 13'-10"

Weight (lbs.) 50 80 180 180 222 230 290 400 800 1000 2,000

Free Travel (in.) 4 4 4 1/4 4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 1/2 5 5 6.5 7 1/2

Total Stroke (in.) 5 1/2 6 6 1/8 6 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/4 7 8 1/4 8 1/2 9 3/4

Max. BHT ( °F ) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400

Pump Open Area(sq. in.)

1.1 1.8 4.0 4.0 5.9 5.9 7.7 10.3 15.9 19.6 28.3

SplineMandrel Anvil

ConnectorHousing

WashMandrel

BottomConnector

SplineHousing

Hammer

Valve

PressureHousing

BalancePiston

PressurePiston

Tripping Ledge

Hydraulic Fishing Jar



• Allows optimum jar placement

• Accelerates the BHA mass

• Protects the drill string and surface equipment

• Compensates for drag in high angle holes

• Compensates for insufficient stretch in shallow holes

Hypulse Jar Slinger®

Also referred to as: Accelerators, Boosters, and Intensifiers

Applications



Outside Diameter (in.) 1 13/16 2 1/4 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 3/4 3 3/4 4 1/4 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 7 3/4

Inside Diameter (in.) 1/2 11/16 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 15/16 2 1/8 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3/4 3

Tool Joint (API)1 13/16

WFJ 1 1/4 Reg 2 3/8 Reg 2 7/8 PAC 2 3/8 IF 2 3/8 EUE 2 7/8 IF 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 6 5/8 Reg

Tensile Yield*( x 1000 lbs.)

75 110 250 200 275 225 325 500 832 1,000 1,600

Torsional Yield *(x 1000 ft. lbs.)

1.6 2.5 5.0 5.0 7.8 3.75 15 20 49.3 56.2 100

Max. Overpull(x 1000 lbs.)

20 30 45 35 45 45 55 85 200 175 260

LengthClosed (ft. - in.)

7' - 0" 8' - 9" 9' - 10" 9' - 8" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 9' - 10" 13' - 6" 15' - 0" 15' - 7"

Weight (lbs.) 50 100 198 175 242 224 316 440 1,000 1,200 2,000

Total Travel (in.) 5 1/2 6 6 1/8 6 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/4 7 8 1/4 8 1/2 9 3/4

Max. BHT ( °F ) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400

Pump Open Area(sq. in.)

0.4 0.8 2.4 2.8 4.4 4.4 5.4 6.5 7.7 11.0 14.2

ConnectorHousing

WashMandrel

SplineHousing

FlowMandrel

BottomConnection

SplineMandrel Up Anvil

PressurePistonHammer

FluidHousing

BalancePiston

PressureHousing

Hypulse Jar Slinger®

for use with Fishing Jars



Generally, you can use the same attachment tools:overshots, spears, screw in sub etc.

Fishing in Lateral Wells

Success is determined by:

• Where to back-off

• Jar placement

• String design



• Most fishing in lateral wells will be in the jarring mode

• Before a jarring operation is started, a free point and back off must first be made

• After locating the free point, study the well plot checking for the true dog legs, then decide the depth to back off that offers the best chance of connecting to the fish

Jarring in Lateral Wells



• Rely on torque readings rather than stretch

• To take a torque reading, set the weight at slightly less than the neutral weight

• This tends to reduce hole drag around the curve while rotating to get a torque reading

Freepoint in Lateral Wells



Avoid pulling pipe into the wall / free point with torque

Pipe sticking here while free pointing with stretch, appears jars not working below

Fishing Jars

Bumper Sub

Stuck Point




• Carefully work the torque down, one round at a time, using a long snub line, with a torque gauge

• Fire the shot on the run to prevent line creeping

• The process of getting a successful free point and back off could take several hours, so be patient

Experience Counts




• When a string shot is fired, no effect may be felt at the surface

• Pull the WL out, to see if the shot fired

• Work pipe with torque until you get it backed off or determine it won’t

• You may have to fire another shot using a higher grains per foot shot

Freepoint in Lateral WellsDo Not Be Discouraged



Top Fish Inside Casing

Pull load (lb) = 100,000 Weight Jts. = 2 HWDP % of peak 8 Jts. Hevi-weight below jars impact Pull Load Impact Impulse

5 100,000 398,100 2,863

10 100,000 398,100 2,863

20 100,000 352,417 3,408

By leaving the top of fish inside the casing, the possibility of connecting to it is retained, while the impact is good using 8 joints of HW below the jars.



Impact and Impulse/ No Acc. JarPull load (lb) = Varies Weight Jts. = 2 HWDP

Pull Load Impact Impulse

20,000 41,154 309

30,000 63,408 479

40,000 85,662 648

50,000 107,915 818

60,000 130,169 988

70,000 152,422 1,158

80,000 174,300 1,325

90,000 196,086 1,493

100,000 217,778 1,661



Jarring Operations

• How long to jar? 4-5 hours w/no progress

• Got stuck coming up? Jar down

• Got stuck going down? Jar up

• Differentially stuck? Little effect

© 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved. DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES...

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Transcript of © 2001 Weatherford International, Inc. All rights reserved. DRILLING & INTERVENTION SERVICES...