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http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/01/10th-revision-test-question-papers-key.html

B.LIBIN.,M.Sc.,M.Phill.,B.Ed., 9443805408

Kjy; jpUg;Gjy; Njh;T – 2019 gj;jhk; tFg;G mwptpay; tpilFwpg;G

16. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;Wfs; jtW ( Given Statement was Wrong) m) gz;G fhuzpfs; [Pd;fshy; eph;zapf;fg;gLfpd;wd. (The genotype of a character is influenced by factors called genes ) M) clw;nry;fspd; Vw;gLk; khWghLfs; mLj;j jiyKiwf;F flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ( Somatic Variation pertains to body cells and it is not inherited.) 17. ePz;l fhy G+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfspd; gad;ghL G+r;rpfspd; kugZ khw;wk; Njhd;w toptFf;Fk;. ,jdhy; Njhd;Wk; NtWghLfs; kUe;jpw;f;F vjph;Gj;jd;ikf; nfhz;l Gjpa ,dq;fis

cUthf;Fk;. 1. When pesticides are used in excess, the pest species get used to it and become resistant to it which is a

trait developed by them in their struggle for existence and trying to survive. 2. Only these resistant individuals reproduce, passing on their resistance to their offspring. Through this

process of natural selection, the pest population gradually develops resistance to the pesticide. In each generation the percentage of insecticide resistant individuals increases.

18. m) gpul;dprNyhd; (Predinisolone) M) 10000 19. m) BCG M) fhrNeha; (Tuberculosis)

20. m) ml;hPdy; Rug;gp (Adrenal gland) M) ml;hPdy; fhh;nlf;]; (Adrenal cortex)

21. fUTWjy; eilngwhkNyNa rpy jhtuq;fspy; fdpfs; cUthfpd;wd. mj;jifa fdpfSf;F fUTwhf;

fdpfs; (m) ghh;j;jpNdhfhh;gpf; fdpfs; vd;W ngah;. v.fh. tpijapy;yh jpuhr;ir > nfha;ah.

some fruits develop without the act of fertilization. Such fruits are called Parthenocarpic fruits.

e.g. seedless grapes, guava, mango etc. 22. 23.

1. M) fphpfu; N[hfd; nkz;ly; (Gregor Johann Mendel)

6. ,) `h];Nlhupaq;fs; (Haustoria)

11. M) Nthyh; (Wohler)

2. <) jha;g;ghy; (Mother’s Milk)

7. m) ie.ANuhg;gpNa (N. europea)

12. M) 9.467 x 1015

3. M) <>,>m>M (dcab) 8. <) 20.7 13. m) Kgms-1

4. ,) mj;jp (Fig) 9. M) ryitj;J}s; (Baking Soda)

14. <) 225C

5. m) nghpfhu;bak; (Pericardium)

10. m) Al2O32H2O 15. m) tyJ> ,lJ (Right,Left)

fopT ePf;f cWg;G (Excretory Organ)

ntspNaw;Wk; fopT (Disposed as)

fopTg; nghUl;fs; ( Excretory Products)

rpWePufk; (Kidneys)

rpWePh; (Urine) iel;u[d; fopTfs; (Nitrogen Waste products)

EiuaPuy; (Lungs) ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fhw;W (Expired Air)

fhh;gd;-il-Mf;irL> (CO2)

Njhy; (Skin) tpah;it (Sweat) mjpfkhd ePh; kw;Wk; cg;Gfs; (Excess Water and salt)

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B.LIBIN.,M.Sc.,M.Phill.,B.Ed., 9443805408 24. Nfhil fhyj;jpy; cliy Fsph;tpf;f mjpf msT tpah;it Rue;J ntg;gj;ij ntspNaw;WfpwJ. (In Summer, we sweat more as a cooling mechanism, we conduct heat out through the sweating process) 25. m) neg;hpBahf;fs; vd;git tsu;jirg;GOf;fspd; fopTePf;f cWg;ghFk;. ( In annelids special kidneys called nephridia are evolved to collect excreta) M) Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ 2900 fpNyh [Py; Mw;wy; cUthfpwJ. ( During respiration 2900 KJ energy is liberated) 26. kPd;fSf;F EiuaPuy; ,y;iy. Mf;]p[id ngWtjw;F nrTy;fs; vd;w rpwg;G cWg;G

cs;sJ. fhw;wpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id kPd;fs; ngw KbahJ. vdNt> ePhpypUe;J ntspNa vLf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; ePz;l Neuk; capUld; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

Fishes take in water through their mouth and force it out through their gills, where the dissolved oxygen is absorbed by the blood. As the gills cannot absorb oxygen from atmosphere, a fish cannot survive for a long time when it is taken out of water.

27. midj;J caphpdq;fSf;Fk; tsh;rp>mirT kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;fk; Mfpa cly; rhh;e;j nray;ghLfSf;F Mw;wy; Njitg;gLfpwJ. me;j Mw;wiy czT ekf;F nfhLf;fpwJ. vdNt caphpdq;fs; czit cz;fpd;wd.

1) We should eat to get energy. 2) Food contains a number of nutrient molecules needed for building up of new body tissues, repairing

damaged tissues and sustaining chemical reactions.

28. m) B NfhL Mw;wy; xOq;;fpidf; Fwpf;fpwJ xU #o;epiy kz;lyj;jpy; Mw;wy; Xl;lk; xNu jpirapy; nry;yf;$baJk;> Row;rpaw;wJk; MFk;. M)rpijg;gitfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1. ghf;Bhpaq;fs; 2. G+Q;irfs;

i) Line B represents the flow of energy. This is because, in an eco system energy is passed from one organism to another in a linear fashion as follows: Producers Herbivores Carnivores Decomposers.

ii) Bacteria 29.

ePhpdhy; gutf;$ba Neha;fs; (Water borne diseases)

ePh;j;njhlu;G Neha;fs; (Water related

diseases)

ePiu Kiwahf gad;gLj;jhjjhy; cz;lhFk; Neha;fs; (Water based diseases)

ilgha;L (Typhoid) kNyhpah (Malaria) nrhwp rpuq;F (Scabies) mkPgpf; tapw;Wg;Nghf;F (Amoebiasis)

gpNyhpahrp]; (ahidf;fhy; Neha;) (Filariasis)

Ngd; (Lice)

Fhyuh (cholera) nlq;F(Dengue) ghu;it ,og;G (Trachoma)

30. <) $w;W rup fhuzk; rhp fhuzk; rupahf nghUe;JfpwJ. (d) A and R are correct and relevant to each other)

31. m) fhyuh (cholera) M) nlq;F (Dengue) 32.

gpnusdpapd; ,af;fk; Brownian movement bd;lhy; tpisT Tyndall effect njhlu;e;J xOq;fpy;yh epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; $o;kj;Jfspd; ,af;fk;. (The Colloidal particles continuous random

motion is called Brownian movement)

$o;kj;Jfspd; kPJ xsp gl;L rpjWk; epiy. (The colloidal particles scatter light is called

Tyndall effect)

33. NaNo3 fiue;j njtpl;ba fiurypd; epiw : 66 – 20 : 46fp Weight of saturated solution of NaNo3 = 66.0 – 20.0 = 46.0 g

NaNo3 gbfq;fspd; epiw : 41.5 – 20 : 21.5 fp Weigth of crystals of NaNo3 = 41.5 – 20.0 = 21.5g

njtpl;ba fiurypy; cs;s ePhpd; epiw : 46 – 21.5 : 24.5 fp Weight of water in saturated solution = 46.0 – 21.5 = 24.5g

NaNo3 d; fiujpwd; : (NaNo3 d; gbf epiy / ePhpd; epiw) x 100

Solubility of NaNo3 =

x 100

= 21.5/ 24.5 x 100 = 87.7 fp

=

x 100 = 87.7g

34. m) S.T.P – y; xU thAtpd; Nkhyhh; gUkd; 22.4 ypl;lh;

M) 2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp. = xg;G %yf;$W epiw ,) xh; mZ jdpj;Njh>Nrh;e;Njh fhzg;gLk;.

<) %yf;$wpYs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJ my;yJ vspikahdJ my;yJ eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJ.

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i) The molar volume of gas at STP is 22.4 litre or 22400 cm3 ii) R.M.M. = 2 × V.D. iii) An atom can exist independently. iv) The ratio of atoms in a molecule may be fixed and integral but may not be simple.

35. m) A – CaCO3 B – CO2

M)fhy;rpak; i`l;uhf;i]bd; tzpfg;ngah;: Rz;zhk;G ePh; ii) Slaked lime

,) C – CaCl2 (fhy;rpak; FNshiuL) D – H2O (ePh;) <) fhy;rpak; Mf;irL fhuj;jd;ik nfhz;lJ iv) Calcium oxide is basic.

36. m) Pb + CuCl2 PbCl2 + Cu M) fhhPak;>fhg;giu tpl tpidjpwd; kpf;fJ. vdNt> tpidjpwd; Fiwe;j fhg;giu fhhPak; ,lg;ngah;r;rp nra;fpwJ.

Lead can displace copper from copper chloride solution because lead is more reactive than copper.

37. 38. m) Nkf;dirl; (magnesite) M) ANudpak; (Uranium)

39. m) - OH M) Co 40.

2fpfp epiwAs;s nghUspd;kPJ 4kPtp-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpir

3fpfp epiwAs;s nghUspd;kPJ 2kPtp-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpir

m1 = 2fpfp m2 = 3fpfp

a1= 4kPtp-2 a2 = 4kPtp-2

F1 = m1 xa1 =2 x 4 = 8N F2 = m2 x a2 = 3 x 2 = 6N

/ F1> F2 2 fpfp epiwAs;s nghUspd;kPJ 4 kPtp-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpir nghpaJ.

We know, force F = ma Given, m1 = 2 kg a1 = 4 m s –2

m2 = 3 kg a2 = 2 m s –2

Thus, F1 = m1 a1 = 2 kg × 4 m s –2 = 8 N F2 = m2 a2 = 3 kg × 2 m s –2 = 6 N

F1 > F2 Therefore, accelerating a 2 kg mass at 4m s–2 would require a greater force.

41. epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;Gtpjp: mz;lj;jpYs;s xt;nthU nghUSk; kw;w nghUl;fis mtw;wpd; epiwfspd; ngUf;fw;;gyDf;F

Neh;jftpYk;> ,ilj; njhiytpd; ,Ukbf;F vjph;jftpYk; mike;j tpirAld; <h;f;Fk;. NkYk; tpirahdJ ,U nghUl;fspd; ikaq;fis ,izf;Fk; Nfhl;bd; topNa nray;gLk;.

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

42. R1,R2 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;gpy; cs;sjhy; (Parallel conection)

R3,R4 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;gpy; cs;sjhy; (Parallel conection)

Mfpait njhlh; ,izg;gpy; cs;sjhy;>njhFg;gad; kpd;jil

Rs =

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B.LIBIN.,M.Sc.,M.Phill.,B.Ed., 9443805408 43. 1. Pb (Cathode) 2. Lead dioxide PbO2 (Anode) 3. dilute H2SO4 (Electrolyte)

4. Glass / rubber container 44. 45.

Fopahb gy;ypd; nghpa gpk;gk; Ftpahb gpd;Gwk; cs;s tz;bapd; Neuhd gpk;gk;

Concave mirror the tooth’s enlarged image

Convex mirror rear side of the vehicle erect image

46. i = 45 r = 30

= 1.414

$o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; = 1.414 47. xspapd; Fwpg;gpl;l tz;zj;ijAk;> Fwpg;gpl;l Clfq;fisAk;> nghWj;j tiu gLNfhzj;jpd; ird; kjpg;gpw;Fk;>tpyF Nfhzj;jpd; ird; kjpg;gpw;Fk; cs;s jfT khwpypahFk;.

=

= khwpyp

1. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media. This law is also known as Snell’s law of refraction.

If i is the angle of incidence and r is the angle of refraction, then,

r

i

Sin

Sin = constant

48. Immunity is the body’s defence against or the specific resistance exhibited towards infectious organisms.

Types of Immunity

Natural or Innate

(naturally available

right from birth)

Acquired or Specific

(developed in the

body after birth)

Active Passive

(Antibodies are produced

by antigenic stimulus)

(Pre-formed

bring forth immunity)

Natural Artificial

(developed after

recovering from

a disease)

(developed by

immunization by

introducing

vaccines)

(through mother's breast

milk antibodies of

mother enter the child)

(antibodies

extracted from

other animals

are introduced)

IMMUNITY

Natural Artificial

1. Natural or Innate Immunity:

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The natural or innate immunity that enables an individual to resist the disease, to which the particular species is immuned. e.g. Plant diseases do not affect animals.

2. Acquired or Specific Immunity: The resistance against some infectious diseases developed by an individual during lifetime on exposure to the infections is called acquired or specific immunity. The acquired or specific immunity is of two kinds – active acquired immunity and passive acquired immunity. A) Active acquired immunity:

This kind of immunity is developed by our body, during the first infection of any pathogen. The antibodies produced in the blood stays for a long period and kills the similar pathogens whenever they enter the body.

i) If the antibody production is stimulated naturally, after recovery from a disease, it is called Natural Active Acquired Immunity.

ii) If the antibody synthesis is stimulated by application of vaccines or any other man made methods, the immunity gained is called Artificial Active Acquired Immunity.

e.g. The polio drops and triple antigen injected into the child in the immunization programme. B) Passive Acquired Immunity:

In this type of immunity, a readymade antibody is introduced from outside instead of stimulating the body to produce antibody with antigenic stimulus.

i) If the readymade antibody is taken from the mother’s blood into the foetus, it is called Natural Passive Acquired Immunity.

ii) If the readymade antibody is given to an individual artificially, (produced in some other animal and extracted) it is called Artificial Passive Acquired Immunity. This immunity is not permanent.

48. Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;: kdpj clypy; Neha;fSf;F vjpuhff; Fwpg;gpl;l xU tif Neha;f;fpUkpf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLk; KiwahFk;.

Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;

,aw;ifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;: 1. ,J ,aw;ifahfNt gpwg;gpypUe;Nj fhzg;gLk; jLg;ghw;wy;. 2. kuG topahf ehk; ngw;w jLg;ghw;wYk;> nts;isaZf;fspd; %yk; ehk; ngWk; jLg;ghw;wYk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; gpwe;j gpd; ehk; ngWtJ.

nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

ke;jkhd ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;:

,aw;ifahd Neha;

fhuzkhf ngwg;gl;lJ

Nehapd; NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk; Mz;bghb ePz;lfhyk; jq;fpapUe;J Neha;fSf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLk;.,jw;F ,aw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; vd;W ngah;.

nraw;ifahd jLg;G+rp %yk; ngwg;gl;lJ

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Neha;f;fpUkpfis Neha;j; jLg;G+rp %yk; nraw;ifahf nrYj;jp mjd; fhuzkhf clypy; Vw;gLk; Mz;bghb ePz;lfhyk; jq;fpapUe;J Neha;fSf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLfpwJ.,jw;F nraw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; vd;W ngah

,aw;ifahd jha;g;ghy; %yk; ngwg;gl;lJ

jhapd; ,uj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J nray;gLk; Mz;bghb fUTf;F nry;tJk; jha;g;ghy; %yk; Foe;ijf;F nry;tJk; ,aw;ifahd ke;jkhd ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; vd;W ngah;.

nraw;ifahf gpw capupfsplkpUe;J

ngwg;gl;l vjpu;nghUs; nrYj;jp ngwg;gl;lJ: Mz;bghb nraw;ifahf gpw capupfsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;L nrYj;jg;gLtJ nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; vd;W ngah;.

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B.LIBIN.,M.Sc.,M.Phill.,B.Ed., 9443805408 49. m) ngU%is

M) rpW%is ,) ghd;]; <) KFsk;

c) i`Nghjyhk];

i) Cerebrum ii) Cerebellum iii) Pons iv) Medulla oblongata

50. m)KisNth; M)Kisf;FUj;J ,)fUT+z; <)tpijAiw c)ikf;Nuhigy;(tsh;Jis) i) radicle ii) plumule iii) endosperm iv) seed coat v) micropyle

51. 1.Nkfj;jpy; Ntjp nghUs;fs; J}Tjy;: ePh; Nfhj;j Nkfq;fspy; rpy;th;; mNahilL Jfs;fis J}tpdhy; kionghopT Vw;gLk;.

2.cg;G ePiuf; FbePuhf khw;Wjy;: fly; ePiuf; FbePuhf khw;w jiyfPo; rt;T+L guty; Kiw gad;gLfpwJ.

3.mizfs;> ePh;j;Njf;fq;fs;: mizfs; kw;Wk; ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; mjpfkhf ePiu Nrkpj;J Foha;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fs; %yk; Njitg;gLk; ,lq;fSf;F ePiu nfhz;L nry;yyhk;.

4.kio ePh; Nrfhpg;G: tPLfspy; Nkw;$iu kw;Wk; ikjhdq;fspy; tpOk; kio ePiu epyj;jbapy; Nrkpg;gJ kioePh; Nrfhpg;G vd;W ngah;. ,jdhy; epyj;jb ePh; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

5.njhopw;rhiyfspy; Nrfhpg;G: ,ae;jpuq;fis Fsph;tpf;f gad;gLk; ePiu kWRow;rp %yk; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. i) Seeding clouds

Seeding clouds with dry ice or potassium iodide particles sometimes can initiate rain, if water laden clouds and conditions that favour precipitation are present.

ii) Desalination: (Reverse osmosis) Desalination of ocean water is a technology that has a great potential for increasing the supply of fresh water. In desalination, the common methods of evaporation and re-condensation are involved.

iii) Dams, reservoirs and canals Dams and storage reservoirs trap run-off water in them and transfer the water from areas of excess to areas of deficit using canals and underground pipes.

iv) Water shed management The management of rain water and resultant run-off is called water shed management. Water shed is an area characterized by construction of small dams to hold back water which will provide useful wildlife habitat and stock watering facilities.

v) Rain water harvesting Rain water harvesting essentially means collecting rain water from the roof of buildings or courtyards and storing it under ground for later use. The main idea in harvesting rain water is to check the run-off water. The rain water that falls on the roofs of buildings or in courtyards is collected through pipes and stored in underground tanks of the buildings fitted with motor for drawing the water for use. The process of rain water harvesting is not only simple but also economically beneficial. It helps in meeting the increased demand for water, particularly in urban areas and prevent flooding of living areas.

vi) Wetland conservation It preserves natural water storage and acts as aquifer recharge zones.

vii) Domestic conservation As an individual, everyone can reduce the water loss by using a bucket of water than by taking a shower, using low-flow taps, using recycled water for lawns, home gardens, vehicle washing and using water conserving appliances.

viii) Industrial conservation Cooling water can be recharged and waste water can be treated and reused.

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B.LIBIN.,M.Sc.,M.Phill.,B.Ed., 9443805408 52. m) 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;irby; cs;s Mf;]p[dpd; epiw:

fhy;rpak; Mf;irbd; epiw : 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw : 40 fpuhk; Mf;]p[dpd; epiw : 56 – 40 : 16 fpuhk;

M) ,jpYs;s Mf;]p[dpd; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;if: Nkhy; vz;zpf;if : Mf;]p[dpd; epiw / Mf;]p[dpd; mZepiw Nkhy; vz;zpf;if : 16 / 16 = 1 Nkhy;

,) 40 fpuhk; fhy;rpaj;jpYs;s fhy;rpak; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;if: Nkhy; vz;zpf;if : fhy;rpaj;jpd;; epiw / fhy;rpaj;jpd; mZepiw Nkhy; vz;zpf;if : 40 / 40 = 1 Nkhy;

<) 1000 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;irbypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw: 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;irbypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw : 40 fpuhk; 1000 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;irbypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw :

1000fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;irbypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw : fpuhk; i) Molecular mass of calcium oxide CaO = 1 ( Ca ) + 1 ( O ) = 1 ( 40 ) + 1 ( 16 ) = 56 g

56 g of calcium oxide contains = 56 – 40 = 16 g of oxygen

ii) Number of moles of oxygen atoms = mass Atomic

Mass=

= 1 mole

iii) Number of moles of calcium atoms = mass Atomic

Mass=

= 1 mole

iv) Mass of calcium obtained from 56 g of calcium oxide = 40 g

Mass of calcium obtained from 1000 g of calcium oxide =

× 1000

= 714.28 g 53. m) A apypUe;J B cUthFjy;:

vj;jdhiy fhuk; fye;j KMnO4 nfhz;L Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; nra;Ak; NghJ vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; cUthfpwJ.

fhuk; fye;j KMnO4 C2H5OH CH3COOH + H2O

A (vj;jdhy;) B(vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;)

M) mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ijf; fhh;gNdl; cg;Gld; tpidgLj;Jk; NghJ epfOk; tpid: Eiuj;Jg; nghq;Fk;

tpid: 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + CO2↑ + H2O

,t;tpidapy; cUthFk; thA: CO2 (fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L)

mt;thAit Rz;zhk;G ePhpy; nrYj;jpdhy; epfo;tJ: Rz;zhk;G ePh; ghy; Nghy; khWk;.

,) glk; 3 y; eilngWk; tpid: mlh; H2SO4

C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O vj;jdhy; vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;Jld; mlh; fe;jf mkpyj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; tpidGhpe;J vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal;ilj; jUfpwJ. i) Ethanol on oxidation in the presence of alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium

dichromate gives ethanoic acid.

CH3-CH

2-OH

EthanolKMnO4

CH3-COOH + H

2O

Ethanoic acid/ OH -

2 [O]

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ii) Acetic acid reacts with sodium carbonate and produces brisk effervescence due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide turns lime water milky.

2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + CO2 ↑ + H2O Sodium acetate

iii) Ethanol reacts with acetic acid in the presence of conc.H2SO4 (catalyst) to form ethyl ethanoate and water. The compound formed by the reaction of an alcohol with carboxylic acid is known as ester (fruity smelling compound) and the reaction is called esterification.

+ H2O

Conc. H2SO

4

Ethanol

CH3-CO OH + H O-C

2H

5

Ethanoic acid

CH3-COO-C

2H

5

Ethyl ethanoate

54. 60 fp.fp. vilAs;s xUtd; 20N tpirapy; fapw;iw ,Of;fpwhd; vdpy;> kWgf;fj;jpy; cs;s

tpisahl;L tPuu; mNj 20N tpirapy; fapw;wpy; czWthh;. vdNt F = 20N KLf;fk;:

m1 = 60 mg m2 = 50 kg F1 = 20N F2 = 20N F1 = m1 a1 : m1 a1 = F1

a1 =

: a1 =

=

a1 =0.333 kp.tp-2

Kjy; eghpd; KLf;fk; : a1 = 0.3 kp.tp-2 F2 = m2 a2 : m2 a2 = F2

a 2 =

: a2 =

=

a2 =0.4 kp.tp-2

,uz;lhk; eghpd; KLf;fk; : a2 = 0.4 kp.tp-2\

i) Mass of person I, m1 = 60 kg Mass of person II, m2 = 50 kg.

Force applied by person I, F1 = 20 N Force exerted by the rope on person II, F2 = – 20 N

ii) Acceleration of person I, a1 = 1

1

m

F { F = m a }

= 60

02= 0.33 ms–2

Acceleration of person II, a2 = 2

2

m

F

= 50

02-= – 0.4 ms–2

55. m) mth; vt;tifg; ghh;itf;Fiwghl;lhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;?

fpl;lg;ghh;it M) Nkw;fz;l nyd;Rfs; ikaj;jpy; nkype;jpUf;Fkh? my;yJ tpspk;Gfspy; nkype;jpUf;Fkh?

Fop nyd;]; vd;gjhy; ikaj;jpy; nkype;Jk; tpspk;Gfspy; jbj;Jk; fhzg;gLk;. ,)nyd;]pd; Ftpaj;J}uk;:

tyJgf;f fz; ,lJgf;f fz;

nyd;rpd; jpwd;:

vdNt Ftpaj;J}uk; :

nyd;rpd; jpwd;:

vdNt Ftpaj;J}uk; :

vdNt tyJ gf;f fz; nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;J}uk; mjpfk;.

i) Power of concave lens is negative. So, the defect of the eye is myopia or near-sightedness

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ii) Concave lenses are thinner at the middle.

iii) Power of lens, P = f

1

Focal length of Right eye spectacle, f = P

1=

3.5-

1

= – 0.286 m

Focal length of Left eye spectacle, f = P

1=

4-

1

= – 0.25 m

So, the Right eye lens has greater focal length.

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