1. Label where oxidation and reduction have occurred.

2. In ATP, where is the energy contained? 3. Which of the following is true regarding redox

reactions? a. Oxidizing agents accept electrons. b. A molecule that accepts electrons is said to be

reduced. c. Redox reactions involve neutron transfers. d. All of the above

2/9 Daily Catalyst Pg. 80 Citric Acid Cycle

1. Label where oxidation and reduction have occurred.

2. In ATP, where is the energy contained? In the phosphate bonds (3) 3. Which of the following is true regarding redox

reactions? a. Reducing agents accept electrons. b. A molecule that accepts electrons is said to be

reduced. c. Redox reactions involve neutron transfers. d. All of the above

2/9 Daily Catalyst Pg. 80 Citric Acid Cycle

Quiz #20 (mini-test) on Friday Energy, glycolysis, CAC, and the ETC

Quiz #19 on Tuesday Friday-Tuesday information

Review packet over Mardi Gras Break Tutoring available Study sheets

Due February 2/27

2/9 Class Business Pg. 80 Citric Acid Cycle

The official colors of Mardi Gras have meanings. Purple is for justice, gold is for power and green is for faith. These were chosen by the Grand

Duke of Russia in 1857.

2/9 Fun Fact

Daily Catalyst Class Business Glycolysis review CAC notes

Homework: read AND outline concept 9.4

2/9 Agenda Pg. 80 Citric Acid Cycle

2/19 Objective

The student is able to construct explanations of the mechanisms and structural features of cells that allow organisms to capture, store

or use free energy.

Pg. 79

Glycolysis Review

Key Point #4: Glycolysis ends with 2 pyruvate molecules

2 NAD+

NADH2

+ 2 H+

Triose phosphatedehydrogenase

2 P i

2P C

CHOH

O

P

O

CH2 O

2 O–

1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate2 ADP

2 ATP

Phosphoglycerokinase

CH2 O P

2

C

CHOH

3-Phosphoglycerate

Phosphoglyceromutase

O–

C

C

CH2OH

H O P

2-Phosphoglycerate

2 H2O

2 O–

Enolase

C

C

O

PO

CH2

Phosphoenolpyruvate2 ADP

2 ATP

Pyruvate kinase

O–

C

C

O

O

CH3

2

6

8

7

9

10

Pyruvate

O

Figure 9.8 B

Key Point #5: Glycolysis summary: Begin with 1 glucose end with 2 ATP’s, 2

pyruvates, and 2 NADH’s

Next, pyruvates head straight to the mitochondria!

End products

How are the ATP’s made?

Key Point #6: Substrate-level phosphorylation: Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from a substrate to

ADP ATP Occurs in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Enzyme Enzyme

ATP

ADP

Product

SubstrateP

+

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Kn6BVGqKd8

An overview of cellular respiration

Figure 9.6

Electronscarried

via NADH

GlycolsisGlucos

ePyruvate

ATP

Substrate-levelphosphorylation

Electrons carried via NADH and

FADH2

Citric acid cycle

Oxidativephosphorylation:

electron transport and

chemiosmosis

ATPATP

Substrate-levelphosphorylation

Oxidativephosphorylation

MitochondrionCytosol

Reading Quiz Name: ___________ Date: 2/9 Score: ________/4

1. What molecule is essential for pyruvate to enter the CAC?

2. Where does the CAC take place in the cell? 3. How much ATP is produced in the CAC? 4. Most of the ATP generation comes from what two

molecules?

Pg. 80 CAC

Pg. 80 CAC

Concept 9.3: The citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules

Key Point #1: The citric acid cycle (CAC) Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Key Point #2: The CAC will only take place if ___________ is present.OXYGEN

Before the citric acid cycle can begin,Pyruvate must first be converted into Acetyl CoA

CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION

NADH + H+NAD+

2

31

CO2 Coenzyme APyruvate

Acetyle CoA

S CoA

C

CH3

O

Transport protein

O–

O

O

C

C

CH3

Figure 9.10

Key Point #3: Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA. 1 CO2 and 1 NADH are created.

• (2) pyruvates 2 Acetyl CoA’s = 2 CO2 and 2 NADH

An overview of the citric acid cycle

ATP

2 CO2

3 NAD+

3 NADH

+ 3 H+

ADP + P i

FAD

FADH2

Citricacidcycle

CoA

CoA

Acetyle CoA

NADH+ 3 H+

CoA

CO2

Pyruvate(from glycolysis,2 molecules per glucose)

ATP ATP ATP

Glycolysis Citricacidcycle

Oxidativephosphorylation

Figure 9.11

Figure 9.12

Acetyl CoA

NADH

Oxaloacetate

CitrateMalate

Fumarate

SuccinateSuccinyl

CoA

a-Ketoglutarate

Isocitrate

Citricacidcycle

S CoA

CoA SH

NADH

NADH

FADH2

FAD

GTP GDP

NAD+

ADP

P i

NAD+

CO2

CO2

CoA SH

CoA SH

CoAS

H2O

+ H+

+ H+ H2O

C

CH3

O

O C COO–

CH2

COO–

COO–

CH2

HO C COO–

CH2

COO–

COO–

COO–

CH2

HC COO–

HO CHCOO–

CH

CH2

COO–

HO

COO–

CH

HC

COO–

COO–

CH2

CH2

COO–

COO–

CH2

CH2

C O

COO–

CH2

CH2

C O

COO–

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Glycolysis Oxidativephosphorylation

NAD+

+ H+

ATP

Citricacidcycle

Figure 9.12

A closer look at the citric acid cycle

Key Point #4: FADH2 Coenzyme Electron

shuttle Not as

energetic as NADH

X2

End Products

Key Point #5 Reactants:

2 pyruvate molecules2 Acetyl CoA Products: 2 ATP

How? Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

Electron shuttles? 6 NADH’s 2 FADH2’s

6 CO2’s 4 from CAC and 2 from conversion step

Before the citric acid cycle can begin,Pyruvate must first be converted into Acetyl CoA

CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION

NADH + H+NAD+

2

31

CO2 Coenzyme APyruvate

Acetyle CoA

S CoA

C

CH3

O

Transport protein

O–

O

O

C

C

CH3

Figure 9.10

Video Clip

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cDFYXc9Wko

So far…

Glycolysis and the CAC have produced how many molecules of ATP? 4 ATP per glucose How?

Substrate-level phosphorylation Electron shuttles?

10 NADH’s 6 from CAC and 2 from glycolysis 2 from Pyruvate Acetyl CoA

2 FADH2’s from CAC

Reading Quiz Name: ___________ Date: 2/9 Score: ________/4

1. What molecule is essential for pyruvate to enter the CAC? Oxygen

2. Where does the CAC take place in the cell? Mitochondria

3. How much ATP is produced in the CAC? 2 by substrate-level phosphorylation

4. Most of the ATP generation comes from what two molecules? NADH and FADH2

Pg. 80 CAC