Post on 20-Jan-2016
Zoonoses
Hannah Corbett
Jenna Deal
Essential Question
• How can you prevent zoonotic diseases?
Should be able to know
• Describe how to prevent any type of zoonotic disease
• Understand and define a zoonotic disease
• List and describe several zoonotic diseases
• How does knowing about zoonotic diseases help in vet tech?
• How can these diseases affect humans?
Warm-up
• Pair Share– What do you already know about zoonotic
diseases?
Vocab
• Zoonotic Disease: bacteria that can be passed from animals to humans
Vocab
• Rabies: viral disease that infects the central nervous system
• Visceral larva migrans: condition in humans in which roundworm larvae migrate through the body, causing damage to internal organs
• Cutaneous larva migrans: disease condition resulting from the infestation of hookworm larvae into the body
• Taxoplasmosis: protozoal parasitic disease in which cats serve as the primary host; of concern to humans, especially pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems
• Cat scratch fever: bacterial disease resulting from a cat scratch, which causes a soreness at the inflicted site, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Vocab
• Ringworm: fungal infection of the skin• RNA viruses: group of viruses that cause
inflammation in the brain• Q fever: disease condition caused by Coxiella
burnetii which causes abortions in sheep and goats and a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms in humans
• Pasteurization: process used to sterilize milk by heating it to a high temperature for a short time
• Anthrax: bacterial infection with skin, intestinal, and respiratory forms
Vocab
• Mad Cow Disease: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in cattle that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance
• Scrapie: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in sheep and goats that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance
• West Nile Virus: viral disease causing flu-like symptoms in humans (mosquitoes often act as a vector)
• Brucellosis: a bacterial disease that causes abortions in cattle and flu-like symptoms in humans (human presentation is called undulant fever)
• Tuberculosis: bacterial disease that affects the lungs and respiratory system
Viral diseases
• Rabies– Also referred to as hydrophobia– Infects CNS– Signs: restlessness, change in behavior, easily
agitated, aggressive, snapping/biting at inanimate objects, frothing at the mouth
• West Nile Fever– Spread through mosquitoes– Signs: flu-like symptoms in humans, inflammation in
CNS, paralysis, weakness– May be fatal
Prevention
• Vaccines
Larva Migrans
• Visceral– Children are at higher risk when they place things in
their mouth– Toxocara canis is the common cause– Signs: Fever, coughing, wheezing, abdominal pain– Damage to internal organs
• Cutaneous– Similar to roundworms– Develop in intestinal tract– Signs: in humans, raised, red, itchy bumps
Prevention
• Visceral & Cutaneous– Vaccines– Cleanliness– Routinely pick up feces & examine dogs
Bacterial Diseases
• Anthrax– Caused by spore forming bacteria called Bacillus anthracis– Signs: sudden death, fever, anorexia, bloody urine, diarrhea– Most common form in animals=intestinal form
• Brucellosis– Causes abortion in cattle– Humans infected through contact w/ infected fetus– Signs: severe flu, irregular fevers
• Tuberculosis– Causes a debilitating respiratory infection in humans– Signs: fever, weight loss, coughing, chest pain– Difficult to treat
Prevention
• Pasteurization
• Cleanliness
• Immunizations
• Vaccines
Diseases that start with a cat
• Toxoplasmosis:– Parasite in animals that is a concern to humans– Cats= definitive host– Infected cats pass oocysts (eggs) through their feces
• Cat Scratch fever:– Caused by Bartonella henselae– Signs in humans: lack of appetite, muscle pain, nausea, swelling
of lymph nodes, swelling of infection site, red small round bump at the site of the scratch/bite
– Signs in cats: history of flea/ticks, no clinical symptoms can be seen, fever/swollen glands, lethargy, lack of appetite
Prevention
• Keep home clean– Prevents fleas and ticks
• Keep cat’s nails trimmed
• Avoid playing roughly with cats
• Keep tests (immune) up to date
Occurs in Cattle, Sheep, and/or Goats
• Q Fever– Caused by Coxiella burnetii
– Transmission happens when humans inhale aerosols from contaminated soil/waste
– Signs: fatigue, chills, arthralgia, night sweats, heart failure
• Mad Cow Disease– Affects central nervous system in cattle
– Caused by the formation of prions, abnormally shaped proteins
– Humans can catch the disease from eating tissues from the cattle with the disease
• Scrapie– Caused by the formation of prions
– Affects the central nervous system
Prevention
• Practice cleanliness• Wash hands after handling animals and animal
waste• Cook meat thoroughly• Keep records• Isolate goats/sheep from those who are infected