Post on 23-Aug-2014
description
Your(Urban) Or Not Mine (Rural) Poverty But Our
Poverty Of India
S.Suresh Ramanan TECH54141Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam
Definition
Poverty is multidimensional: it includes inadequate food, shelter, health, education; vulnerability to disease, dislocation, disaster; and often mistreatment by state and society
Poverty has various dimensionsIncome povertySecurity povertyEducation povertyHealth PovertyMultiple deprivation
Core Poor
Education poor
Health Poor
Security Poor
Income Poor
Poverty Line- based on Nutritional Requirement
Urban Poverty- 2100 cal/person/ day Rural Poverty- 2400 cal/ person/ day
Planning Commission
Comparison of Urban and Rural Poverty
• 25% of Urban Population are below poverty Line
• This is prevalent during all the time
• Major reason for other social Problem
Here poverty is not due to external reasons but to the failure of the Agriculture
It is raise it head only during particular season
This only contribute for the Urban Poverty by Migration of Rural population to cities with poor facility.
Rural PovertyUrban Poverty
Glimpse
People in poorest class category of India? – Tribal people, Dalits and labour class including farm workers in villages and casual workers in cities
Where do the majority of poor live in India? – 60% of the poor still reside in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
A 2013 UN report stated that a third of
the worlds poorest people
live in India
Causes for Poverty
• Increasing middle class population• Low Productivity in Agriculture• National Capital Depletion• Poor Schemes to stop migration of Rural population to urban• Alcoholism• Poor Sanitation conditions• Land lockedness of particular area• Money lenders – Termite of the rural economy• Need for women Empowerment• Corruption
Unequal Distribution of Income
Rich are getting richer and poor are still poor
Status of Poverty in INDIAPopulation, total (2010) 1,170,938,000.0
Population growth (annual %) (2010) 1.3
Population density (people per sq. km) (2010) 393.8
Rural population (2010) 818,485,662.0
Rural population (% of total population) (2010) 69.9
Number of rural poor (million, approximate) (2010) 231,631,442.3
Poverty headcount ratio at rural poverty line (% of rural population) (2005)
28.3
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) (2005)
27.5
Income share held by lowest 20% (2005) 8.1
Stop Migration
• Out of about 98 million, total intra-state and inter-state migrants in the country during last decade, 61 million have moved to rural areas and 36 million to urban areas.
• Migration stream out of rural areas(73 million) to another rural areas was quite high (53million) in comparison to from rural to urban areas (20 million).
• The difference between in – migration and out – migration, in each state, Maharashtra -2.3 million net migrants,
• Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million) as per census’.
A large part of migration and urbanization in the less developed countries have historically been linked to stagnation and volatility of agriculture and
lack of sectoral diversification within agrarian economy, India being no exception to this
is Important to not only mitigate poverty But Also
MIGRATIONEducation
• There are three main categories of urban poverty: the• unemployed and laid-off workers; migrants; and, the chronic poor
including the three• ‘No’s’ (no ability to work, no savings and no relatives to depend on)
(DFID, 2004).
Comparison TableTotal Migrants -1991 Total Migrants -2001
Persons Males Females Persons Males Females
Total Million 232.11 64.31 167.8 314.54 93.36 221.18
Rural Million 162.47 32.81 129.66 210.38 43.85 166.53
Urban Million 69.65 31.5 38.14 104.16 49.52 54.65
At 833.1 million, India's rural population today is 90.6
million higher than it was a decade ago. But the urban population is 91 million
higher than it was in 2001. Agriculture is not a single man’s effect but a group So when there is increased migration of Labour this will lead to reduction in Agriculture and its allied activities.
Mainly deals about the Food Security of India, there by reducing the Food Poverty of India. Food Security act does the same thing but this will be effective only when the
“Farmers grow crops, For which Farm Labour should be sccv there to Help”
Above said Solution :
Motivate Agriculture• Agricultural growth
reduces poverty directly, by raising farm incomes, and indirectly, through generating employment and reducing food prices.
Agricultural growth is especially effective in reducing poverty. Cross-country
econometric estimates show that overall GDP growth originating in agriculture is,
on average, at least twice as effective in benefiting the poorest half of a
country’s population as growth generated in non-agricultural sectors
Ligon, Ethan, and Elisabeth Sadoulet. 2007.
Source: State Agricultural Report
• In Today’s Climate change Era – Agricultural is the gamble of monsoon. - It was the statement decade ago
• Now, Commercial Tree cultivation is done along with agricultural crop to make agriculture as profitable business.
• TOF – Benefit both Productive and Protective role
This is widely practiced in southern India
TOF-Trees
Outside Forest
Mainly deals about the Food Security of India, there by reducing the Food Poverty of India. Food Security act does the same thing but this will be effective only when the
“Farmers grow crops, For which Farmers should be there”
Above said Solution :
Involvement of Youth
• Above said are only answers for the problem But real solution lies in the hand of youth
• The are about 53 Agricultural University in the Country- The where are the agriculturist from these university.
• The Youth of the rural areas must not get distracted by the false notion of the Urban Live
Apart from this Citizens of INDIA should effectively utilize
the Following governmental program and help the country to
get out of Poverty
Urban Areas• PMRY- Prime Minister
Rojgar Yojana• SJSRY- Swarnajaya Shahri
Rozgar Yojana• NSAP- National Social
Assistance Programme• IAY- Indira Awaas Yojana• SSY- Shiksha Sahayog
Yojana
Rural Area• GSY- Gram Swarozgar
Yojana• EAS- Employment
Assurance Schemes• MNREGS• FWP- Food for Work
Programme• KSSY- Krishi Shramik
Suraksha yojana• JGSY- Jawahar Gram
Samriddhi Yojana
Steps to Solve from GOVT side
Steps to Solve from GOVT side• These include various employment guarantee programmes such as
National Rural Employment Programme, Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme etc. Recently, Government has initiated National Rural Employment Guarantee Program (NREGP). As per NREGP, the government will provide 100 days of employment per year to whosoever is willing to work. NREGP is considered as a landmark program in poverty alleviation measures.
Even Government Schemes also aims
at providing minimum
employment to lift Food Poverty.
References:• Urban Poverty Alleviation, (2002) “Preparation for Istanbul+5 for
Asia and the Pacific”, 19 – 23 October, Paper, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,
• CARE, MSDF and ICICI bank, “A promise to Pay the Bearer – an exploration of the potential for Urban Micro finance in India”, Microfinance India Publicaiton.
• http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/tags/india• http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx• http://urbanruralfabric.blogspot.in/• http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/map.aspx