Post on 15-Jan-2016
WWIChapter 27
Setting the Stage: WWI Causes WWI
Militarism Alliances
Imperialism Nationalism
The Spark = Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E6e8BW0l-E
Gavril Princep and the Blackhand
Franz Ferdinand’s Death Set into Motion a Deadly Web of Alliances
WWI Sides: The BelligerentsAllied Powers
France GB Russia Italy United States and
Japan (eventually)
Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria
WWI: A TOTAL WAR Total War = All
resources used for war Propaganda
Civilian responsibility
New Industrial weapons/inventions in land, air, sea
Weapons by Sea: Dreadnoughts Revolutionary Design All-Big Gun design Brand new race to
build the biggest and best Navy
Weapons by Sea: U-Boat Unterseeboot Submarine Utilized by Germany
to cut off support for Great Britain
Weapons by Air: Airplanes and Zeppelins
Red Baron
Weapons by Land: Machine Gun
Weapons by Land: Railroad Guns
Trenches
Trench Diagram
Trench Foot
• Originally it was thought Trench Foot was caused by poor morale• Actual Cause: prolonged exposure to damp cold conditions
Weapons by Land: Gas
Burns from Mustard Gas
Animal Messengers and Gas Masks
Weapons by Land: Tanks
Total War made WWI a… War of Attrition:
A slow wearing-down war in which each side tried to outlast the other
Theaters of War
Major Battles WWI 1914
Battle of Marne: W-front France stops German adv. into Paris Trench warfare begins
Battle of Tannenberg E-front Huge German Win! Prob. Germany in 2-front war
Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Major Battles WWI continued… 1915
Battle of Gallipoli Turkish-front Allie’s defeated by Ottoman E! Russia remains landlocked
United States Entry into WWI U.S. “neutral” until
April 6th, 1917 / May 28th 1918 our first victory at Cantigny
(North of Paris) Events that pushed
U.S. into WWI:1. Unrestricted Germ.
submarine warfare Sinking of Lusitania
Zimmerman Note / O throw of Russian Czar.
WWI Causalities – 16 mill. Dead
Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the Big 4:
GB: David Lloyd George France: George Clemenceau United States: Woodrow
Wilson Italy: Vittorio Orlando
Who were these men and what kind of “peace” did each of them want?
Areas of Concern Blame? Reparations? Colonies of Central Powers? Rhineland? Alsace-Lorraine? Saar? Poland? Danzig? Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Estonia? Czechoslovakia?
OTHER PROBLEMS W/ PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE…
No Russia or Central powers invited!
Other Problems w/ the Paris Peace Conference1. Russia and Central Powers not invited2. Political Problems3. Territorial Conflicts4. Reparations5. How to maintain peace
Force Wilson’s 14 Points
Freedom of seas, no secret treaties, no economic barriers, reduce arms, fair land divisions, establish League of Nations
WWI Causalities
Treaty of Versailles Officially ended WWI
1919
Treated Germany Harsh
Formed Independent Republics
Formed League of Nations
Europe Before WWI
Europe After WWI