Web of Things - Fast Prototyping Physical Computing ApplicationsCisco - 3. March 2011Vlad Trifa - ETH ZurichDominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Electronic things are invading us...

‣ Powerful tiny computers‣ Sensors & actuators‣ Web connectivity‣ Cheap‣ Ubiquitous

Translation for hackers:An infinite playground.

YAAAY!

OGC SensorML

Zorro III

Megaco

AMQP

Modbus

Zorro III

OPC-UA

Problem:

Given that tons of different‣ Devices ‣ Capabilities‣ Functionalities‣ Applications/middlewares‣ Networking protocols

How to combine heterogeneous mobile devices

to create interactive ad-hoc applications?

I don’t have a PhD in Computer

Science...

Can I use this too?

pleeeeease?

We need an universal protocol that is:

simple, lightweight, loosely-coupled, scalable, flexible

and hopefully... standard

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Sounds like the Web...

‣ TCP/IP & Web granted, WiFi routers ubiquitous‣ Development of simple Web apps: cheap & quick‣ Integrate real-world data on the Web‣ Get features of the Web for free

Use Web standards to develop applications for networked devices.

HTTP, HTML, XML, JSON, RSS, ATOM, MIME,...

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Social Web

Real-time Web

Programmable WebSemantic Web

Physical Web

Web of Things

RESTful devices

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

The Web of Things in a nutshell

Steps to create a basic Web of Things:

1. Connecting things to the Internet (IPv4/IPv6)2. Embedded Web servers 3. Make devices part of the Web (using REST)

‣ Model their function as RESTful resources

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

RESTful SunSPOTs

‣ Properties and functions are RESTful resources

‣ Devices/services become Web resources‣ URI-addressed ‣ Links between them (hateoas)‣ Different representations (content

negotiation)‣ Uniform interface (HTTP verbs, status

codes)

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Sunspots resources modeling

Services on embedded devices are adapted for resource oriented architectures‣ root: www.spotshost.com‣ spots list: www.spotshost.com/sunspots‣ spot #1: www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1‣ sensors list: www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/sensors‣ LEDs : www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/actuators/leds‣ LED #1 : www.spotshost.com/sunspots/1/actuators/leds/led1

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Representations

‣ XHTML ideal for browsinghttp://webofthings.com/spots

‣ JSON ideal for parsing (& lightweight for device)

http://webofthings.com/spots.json

‣ XML ideal for business integrationhttp://webofthings.com/spots.xml

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Uniform interface‣ HTTP verbs‣ GET: current temperature‣ POST: add a timer‣ PUT: turn a device on/off ‣ DELETE: delete a timer on a device

‣ HTTP headers‣ Accept header for MIME types‣ Status codes (200 ok, 401 unauthorized)

RouterProxy

Indirect Pass-through

Non Web-enabled Web-enabled

HTTP

HTTPLegacy

Devices

Internet

Gateway

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Gateway level integration: Energie Visible

Gateway  (IP:10.1.1.5)

Sensors(Ploggs)

Electric  appliances

Web  /  Mobile  Interface

GET http://10.1.1.5:8080/energymonitor/ploggs/*

[{

"deviceName": "ComputerAndScreen",

"currentWatts": 50.52,

"KWh": 5.835,

"maxWattage": 100.56

},

"deviceName": "Fridge",

"currentWatts": 86.28.,

"KWh": 4.421,

"maxWattage": 288.92

}, {...}]

D. Guinard and V. Trifa. Towards the web of things: Web mashups for embedded devices. In 2nd Workshop on Mashups, Enterprise Mashups and Lightweight Composition on the Web (MEM 2009), Madrid, Spain, April 2009.

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Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Towards infrastructures

The era of physicalMashups

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Real-world Web applications

REST

REST

URL

PHP

REST

API

[hCp://www.pachube.com] [hCp://www.webothings.com/energievisible] [hCp://www.clickscript.ch]

JavaScript

So, my fridge is online. But what about

sharing and authentication?

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

FAT - Friends and Things

Err, what about eventing & streaming ?

The Web wasn’t quite made for that...

Yet we need this!

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Need more than Push

‣ Web mainly request/response (HTTP)‣ Need for eventing & streaming for many users‣ Sensor data represented as sequence of messages

‣ Scalable pub/sub for devices as substrate‣ Use the Web to build distributed event driven apps

‣ Parameterized subscriptions (channels/queries)‣ Specify what sensors, devices, locations, etc...

‣ Many solutions (XMPP, etc....)‣ None really integrate with the Web ‣ ATOM/ATOMpub is RESTful, but not push

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

!"##$%&'($)' *$+,-./0$'($)'

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

HTML5 Websockets

•  !"##$%"&#'()*+),-')./012'/)

•  34/,)05),-')200+)2,4+%4/%)6789):)2&';<)

•  =".2;/*&>0+),-/0"?-)@4A42;/*&,)

•  B+;/'42*+?)+"C.'/)05)./012'/2)2"&&0/,)

Ok, great. But how do I quickly prototype

end-to-end applications?

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Data streams

‣ Sensor data represented as Web streams‣ Publish/subscribe paradigm ‣ Users can create and subscribe to streams ‣ Parameterized‣ devices‣ sensors‣ filter data‣ sampling frequency

‣ Using REST...

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Messaging implementation

‣ Messages transported in JSON‣ Message broker as an external entity (“outsourced”)‣ Swappable‣ Scalable‣ Currently use RabbitMQ

‣ Web integration with pubsubhubbub, RMS, etc.‣ RESTful, Web-hook based pub/sub‣ Supports CometD for Web push‣ HTML5 WebSockets

Wisspr - Web infrastructure for sensor streams processing

user@machine:~$ curl -i -d "devices=http://vslab20:8083/sunspots/device_11

&data=temperature,light,tiltX&filter=temperature > 10" http://vslab20:8085/datastreams

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Request

POST example.org/datastreams/ HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded devices=purpleSensor & data=temperature,light & frequency=2 & filter=light < 200 && temperature > 19

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Response

HTTP/1.1 201 [...] Content-Location: http://example.com:8085/datastreams/bh_0 [...] Connection: close

curl -vd "hub.mode=subscribe&hub.callback=http://example.com:8888/client_callback_handler&hub.topic=&hub.verify=sync" http://example.com:8085/datastreams/bh_0

‣ Then we just subscribe to it:

Ok, great. But is this useful for

real world applications?

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

| SENSEable City Lab

crowd sourcing application design

LIVE Singapore!real time data platform with tools

real Singapore city and citizens

enabling platform for application developmentdata collection/combination/distributionEnabling platform for developing urban applications

Data collection/processing/distribution

this is you

Web API

LIVE Singapore!

real-time (raw) data streams

http://senseable.mit.edu/livesingapore

the epcis network in a nutshell

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

A typical Fosstrack deployment...

!

" #

$%

&

' ()

!*+

!!,+-./.+011+23456.7486+98:;:<+=3>?.5,+ !",+-./.+@4586167A8+BCD+

~12 software components for a typical RFID deployment!!

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Case Study: WoT patterns for Global RFID Network

‣ Reduce the deployment complexity of standard RFID/IoT software stacks.

‣ Allow easier (cheaper), more lightweight (mobile/WSNs) RFID application development.

‣ Enable RFID mashability:‣ Composition of RFID/WSNs/appliances and existing services on

the Web‣ Allow anyone to implement simple use-cases

‣ By applying Web and Web of Things blueprints!

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Fosstrack EPC cloud

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Cloud computing

‣ Run your EPC Network server in 5 minutes! ‣ Cloud appliance:‣ Full EPC Network backend‣ Admin Web interface‣ Fully configured Tomcat Instance

‣ Based on Amazon EC2:‣ Public Cloud‣ Utility Computing

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

•  !"#$%&'()*#+,-&,"-).,'/,0'&&.)-1,

•  !$#%*23*1,3$&.-22,'$,.'",'/,0'&&.)-1,45678,

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:-)#?'(&#F3$*'B3$@C%*(C,GHHI%JG%GJKJLFGGFHMAHHHNC(+(&,C456,

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

•  !"#$%&'()&*+$',-.**(–  /01+,2023(4"'(./5(,6,2+1(– !$%7*%,8,'9(

•  :(,6,2+(-;(2()"22,<+"'1(–  )"2+'"%(+='"$3=(>5?@4$%(.ABC(

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

•  !"#$%&'($)"*+,-"$•  )&../*0'$'"+"*12$

0*13'./*0'4$–  !"#'/-5"0'$–  6/378./22,37$9$:/;"0$–  )0*"1;,37$

•  :2,"30$<;/#,2"9!"#=$1..2,-1>/3$,3$?@$2,3"'A$

•  B1'"C$/3$D0;/'.("*"9E"*'"F$13C$,0'$EG&"*F$%2&7,3$

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Mobile Reader Monitor

•  !"#$%&"#'(–  )%&*(+,(%-.#(–  /-*01-2(&*(,345(2#&.#2(670&(88,9:;8<=(>07#(?2-@(&*A(@-B0>#(B2-C"#2(

•  D#%E*->-FA'(–  3-""12&G(<9H(H>-I.(–  19I"E#2(:(%&J1I2#(K#B&.&J1#2(

–  LMN(>0*#"(-?(O&7&"%20J1(%-@J&PB>#(C01E(@-"1(@-B0>#(B2-C"#2"(

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

RFID Mashup Editor

•  !"#$%&'()*+,(-.%*+/"-."0*01,+"2+13.(/&%+4567+&..%(/&8"0,+

•  9:*'+&+!&,;$.+5'&-*<"'=+>+?0@(0*A+–  B,*',+/&0+C$(%#+1;*('+"<0+$,*+/&,*,+

•  D'"1"3.*+C&,*#+"0A+–  E'"<,*'FC&,*#+GH&I&,/'(.1J+–  K%(/=,/'(.1L/;+&##*#A+

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Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Clickscript

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Sample App: Mobile EAS

•  !"#$%&'(–  )*+(,-.#(/012(0*"3*0#(–  4$*0*(&013%5+#(6,-.7("80*"39(

#183:(–  ;/(<1+(+"=*("(&>5+%0*(?>+$(

4*@5"2(–  -%#$(6?*@#15=*+7(&>5+%0*(+1("88(

58>*<+#(1<(AB+$*C#(

•  !1@>8*'(–  D%@#50>@*(+1(B+$*C#(–  E>#&8"9(#<"&#$1+("<3(&013%5+(

></1(–  ;2&8*2*<+*3(?>+$(+$*(D*<5$"(

F1%5$(G"H"#50>&+(I>@0"09J(•  KHLJ(*<3M+1M*<3(&%#$'(NOO(2#(

Still not convinced? Try it!!! http://epcmashup.webofthings.com

•  !"#"$%&'()*+"$,-(*./0123*

•  4$5$*),5*6781*9:;3*•  7<)5=$'>?5*@'AB5)*>"$53*•  8,C&)%C+'=B$D*

–  EC@*">C-)*&5"?FG+5H*–  I5JC=A*7:K;8H*–  L*65"A5&*M*(-$,H**

Web of Things, 3.3.2011 Vlad Trifa/Dominique Guinard - ETH Zurich

Conclusions

‣ Huge opportunities ahead for WoT‣ The Web of Things is hard because ‣ People are good Web developers

XOR‣ Good embedded systems developers

‣ Tools & best practices for Web-enabled things are needed‣ Tradeoff between performance and features‣ Web developers need to apply their skills and

expertise to build a programmable world‣ Prototyping via large-scale applications‣ Deployment support, runtime debugging, patterns & toolkits, etc.

Thanks for your attention !

ありがとうございました！

trifa@inf.ethz.chdguinard@inf.ethz.ch

http://www.webofthings.com