Post on 25-Dec-2015
Mobilizing For WarMobilizing For War
U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials
American workers were twice as productive as German and five times that of Japanese
Henry Stimson - Sec. of War
U.S. began to convert the economy to war materials
American workers were twice as productive as German and five times that of Japanese
Henry Stimson - Sec. of War
Converting the EconomyConverting the Economy
Cost - plus contracts -- Gov. would pay cost and % of profits (no bids - too slow)
RFC - made loans to companies to convert1942 -- most were convertedTanks replace cars -- auto industry was easy to convert
Liberty Ship -- basic cargo ship used during the war
War Production Board -- controlled war materials
Cost - plus contracts -- Gov. would pay cost and % of profits (no bids - too slow)
RFC - made loans to companies to convert1942 -- most were convertedTanks replace cars -- auto industry was easy to convert
Liberty Ship -- basic cargo ship used during the war
War Production Board -- controlled war materials
WOMEN IN WORLD WAR IIWOMEN IN WORLD WAR II
Women and minorities had a very large role in the War effort.
Women’s army auxiliary corp
Oveta Culp Hobby -- first woman director
Women and minorities had a very large role in the War effort.
Women’s army auxiliary corp
Oveta Culp Hobby -- first woman director
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BUILDING AN ARMYBUILDING AN ARMY
Selective Service and Training Act-- first peace time draft
--set up after France surrendered to Germany (1940)
G.I. - Government IssueDouble “V” campaign -- newspaper said that blacks should join the war for 2 reasons
1. Against racism at home2. Against Hitler abroad
Selective Service and Training Act-- first peace time draft
--set up after France surrendered to Germany (1940)
G.I. - Government IssueDouble “V” campaign -- newspaper said that blacks should join the war for 2 reasons
1. Against racism at home2. Against Hitler abroad
BLACKS IN WORLD WAR IIBLACKS IN WORLD WAR II TUSKEGEE AIRMEN --99th pursuit squadron
African American Air force unit that trained in Tuskegee, Alabama
761st TANK BATTALION -- black unit under General Patton and fought the “Battle of the Bulge”
614th TANK BATTALION -- awarded 8 silver stars, 28 bronze stars, and 79 purple hearts
TUSKEGEE AIRMEN --99th pursuit squadron African American Air force unit that trained in Tuskegee, Alabama
761st TANK BATTALION -- black unit under General Patton and fought the “Battle of the Bulge”
614th TANK BATTALION -- awarded 8 silver stars, 28 bronze stars, and 79 purple hearts
THE EARLY BATTLES - sect. 2
THE EARLY BATTLES - sect. 2
PACIFIC Chester Nimitz -- commander of the U.S. navy
in the Pacific
Philippines -- shortly after
Pearl Harbor the Japanese
took these islandsDouglas MacArthur -- had to fleeTo Australia, but promised toreturn
PACIFIC Chester Nimitz -- commander of the U.S. navy
in the Pacific
Philippines -- shortly after
Pearl Harbor the Japanese
took these islandsDouglas MacArthur -- had to fleeTo Australia, but promised toreturn
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WAR IN THE PACIFICWAR IN THE PACIFIC
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Days after Pearl Harbor the Japanese were able to advance in SE Asia but soon the tide of the war would change in favor of the U.S.
Days after Pearl Harbor the Japanese were able to advance in SE Asia but soon the tide of the war would change in favor of the U.S.
Battle of the Philippines
Battle of the Philippines
Allied troops defending the Philippines held out as long as they could but eventually they were captured (April 9, 1942)
Bataan Death March -- 78,000 POWs marched 65 miles to a Japanese POW camp
Thousands died during the marchOthers fled to Corregidor island
Allied troops defending the Philippines held out as long as they could but eventually they were captured (April 9, 1942)
Bataan Death March -- 78,000 POWs marched 65 miles to a Japanese POW camp
Thousands died during the marchOthers fled to Corregidor island
Turning Point in the Pacific
Turning Point in the Pacific
June 4, 1942 - MidwayU.S. broke codes and waited for attack, shot down 38 planes
Allowed the U.S. to counterattack
Admiral Yamamoto’s plan failed
June 4, 1942 - MidwayU.S. broke codes and waited for attack, shot down 38 planes
Allowed the U.S. to counterattack
Admiral Yamamoto’s plan failed
Turning Point in Europe
Turning Point in Europe
Stalingrad (1942)--city in the Soviet Union91,000 Germans surrendered in house to house combat
George Patton -- commander of ground forces in North Africa
Dwight D. Eisenhower --overall commander in North Africa
Erwin Rommell “Desert Fox”- German commander in North Africa
Stalingrad (1942)--city in the Soviet Union91,000 Germans surrendered in house to house combat
George Patton -- commander of ground forces in North Africa
Dwight D. Eisenhower --overall commander in North Africa
Erwin Rommell “Desert Fox”- German commander in North Africa
Life on the Home Frontsect. 3
Life on the Home Frontsect. 3
WWII helped end the Depression - 19 million new jobs
Rosie the Riveter - campaign to hire women during WWII
A. Philip Randolph - head of union for African American R.R. workers
Forced Roosevelt to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission - hire more blacks
WWII helped end the Depression - 19 million new jobs
Rosie the Riveter - campaign to hire women during WWII
A. Philip Randolph - head of union for African American R.R. workers
Forced Roosevelt to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission - hire more blacks
More on sect. 3More on sect. 3
Bracero Program - “worker” brought 200,000 Mexican workers to help harvest fruits and veg.
Many people headed West and South for work - Sunbelt
2 million people lived in Gov. housingRacism became a large problem“Great Migration” - blacks moving out of the south
Zoot suits - suits became popular with Mexican Americans
Bracero Program - “worker” brought 200,000 Mexican workers to help harvest fruits and veg.
Many people headed West and South for work - Sunbelt
2 million people lived in Gov. housingRacism became a large problem“Great Migration” - blacks moving out of the south
Zoot suits - suits became popular with Mexican Americans
More on racismMore on racismZoot suit riots - sailors attacked Mexican teenagers, LA banned suits
Despite that -500,000 Hispanics joined the war effort
Feb. 19, 1942 - Roosevelt said U.S. cities could be war zones and relocated people of Japanese ancestery
Internment - Gov. took businesses & held 120,000 people
442nd Regimental Combat Team - all Japanese Battalion in WWII, highest decorated
JACL - Japanese American Citizens League - help interned Japanese (received $20,000 in 1988)
Zoot suit riots - sailors attacked Mexican teenagers, LA banned suits
Despite that -500,000 Hispanics joined the war effort
Feb. 19, 1942 - Roosevelt said U.S. cities could be war zones and relocated people of Japanese ancestery
Internment - Gov. took businesses & held 120,000 people
442nd Regimental Combat Team - all Japanese Battalion in WWII, highest decorated
JACL - Japanese American Citizens League - help interned Japanese (received $20,000 in 1988)
Daily LifeDaily Life
Office of Price Administration (OPA) - Gov. regulated prices to control inflation
Began rationing - limiting availability of products (meat, sugar, gasoline, rubber, etc.)
Blue coupons - controlled processed foodsRed Books - controlled meats, fats and oilsVictory Gardens - plant gardens in every spare area
War Bonds - (E bonds) - pay $18.75 and in 10 years get $25 back from the Gov.
Office of Price Administration (OPA) - Gov. regulated prices to control inflation
Began rationing - limiting availability of products (meat, sugar, gasoline, rubber, etc.)
Blue coupons - controlled processed foodsRed Books - controlled meats, fats and oilsVictory Gardens - plant gardens in every spare area
War Bonds - (E bonds) - pay $18.75 and in 10 years get $25 back from the Gov.
Pushing The Axis Back- sect. 4
Pushing The Axis Back- sect. 4
Bombing On Germany stepped up in 1943-1945 53,000 tons a month Northern Africa, Sicily, and Italy Eisenhower -- supreme commander Bernard Montgomery -- British General Patton -- ground force (tanks) Sicily July, 1943 -- amphibious landing Moved on to Italy Mussolini was removed and eventually killed Sept. 1943 Italy surrenders
Bombing On Germany stepped up in 1943-1945 53,000 tons a month Northern Africa, Sicily, and Italy Eisenhower -- supreme commander Bernard Montgomery -- British General Patton -- ground force (tanks) Sicily July, 1943 -- amphibious landing Moved on to Italy Mussolini was removed and eventually killed Sept. 1943 Italy surrenders
D- DAYD- DAY
Operation Overlord -- D-Day
Largest amphibious landing in history
Across the English channel into France
Operation Overlord -- D-Day
Largest amphibious landing in history
Across the English channel into France
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D- DAYD- DAY
June 6, 1944Eisenhower was commander of Operation Overlord
Allies landed on 5 beaches (Omaha, Utah, Sword, Juno, and Gold)
7,000 troop carriers -- carrying 100,000 men
23,000 paratroopers dropped inland 30 miles
June 6, 1944Eisenhower was commander of Operation Overlord
Allies landed on 5 beaches (Omaha, Utah, Sword, Juno, and Gold)
7,000 troop carriers -- carrying 100,000 men
23,000 paratroopers dropped inland 30 miles
PacificPacific
Guadalcanal -- island in the Pacific, important allied victory to get MacArthur back
Leyte Gulf -- largest naval battle in history
Japan used kamikazes for the first time
Battle for the Philippines80,000 Japanese killed 100,000 Filipino killed
Guadalcanal -- island in the Pacific, important allied victory to get MacArthur back
Leyte Gulf -- largest naval battle in history
Japan used kamikazes for the first time
Battle for the Philippines80,000 Japanese killed 100,000 Filipino killed
Third Reich Collapses - sect. 5
Third Reich Collapses - sect. 5
8/25/44 After D-Day Americans are able to take back France
12/16/44 Battle of the Bulge -- Hitler’s one last offensive
Goal -- to cut off allied supply lines to Belgium
Patton brought in reinforcements -- 100,000 German casualties
At the same time Germans were pushing into Poland
Allies met outside Berlin, Germany 1945
8/25/44 After D-Day Americans are able to take back France
12/16/44 Battle of the Bulge -- Hitler’s one last offensive
Goal -- to cut off allied supply lines to Belgium
Patton brought in reinforcements -- 100,000 German casualties
At the same time Germans were pushing into Poland
Allies met outside Berlin, Germany 1945
TimelineTimeline
4/12/45 -- FDR dies of a stroke Harry S. Truman becomes President
4/30/45 -- Hitler and Eva Braun married the day before they committed suicide
5/7/45 -- Germany “unconditionally surrendered” to the allies
5/8/45 VE Day (victory in Europe)
4/12/45 -- FDR dies of a stroke Harry S. Truman becomes President
4/30/45 -- Hitler and Eva Braun married the day before they committed suicide
5/7/45 -- Germany “unconditionally surrendered” to the allies
5/8/45 VE Day (victory in Europe)
Back to the PacificBack to the Pacific
1944 -- B-29s bombed TokyoCurtis Lemay --commander of the B-29sCame up with the idea of using napalm (jellied gasoline)
Manhattan Project -- American program to start building the atomic bomb
Headed by Leslie GrovesLos Alamos, New Mexico -- secret society to build the bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer -- head
1944 -- B-29s bombed TokyoCurtis Lemay --commander of the B-29sCame up with the idea of using napalm (jellied gasoline)
Manhattan Project -- American program to start building the atomic bomb
Headed by Leslie GrovesLos Alamos, New Mexico -- secret society to build the bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer -- head
Atomic BombAtomic Bomb
Aug. 6, 1945 -- bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan
“Little Boy” Aug. 9, 1945 -- Bomb dropped on
Nagasaki, Japan “Fat Man”
150,000 - 200,000 people killed instantly
Aug. 6, 1945 -- bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan
“Little Boy” Aug. 9, 1945 -- Bomb dropped on
Nagasaki, Japan “Fat Man”
150,000 - 200,000 people killed instantly
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End of the WarEnd of the War
8/15/45 -- VJ Day United Nations began in 1945
-- 50 countries came to the U.S. for peace
International Military TribunalNuremberg trials -- tried German leaders for war crimes
22 prosecuted -- 12 sentenced to death
8/15/45 -- VJ Day United Nations began in 1945
-- 50 countries came to the U.S. for peace
International Military TribunalNuremberg trials -- tried German leaders for war crimes
22 prosecuted -- 12 sentenced to death