World Habitat Day

PLANNING OUR URBAN FUTURE

World Habitat Day:2009

13 Nov 09 WSD-09 hs.raiandrai.com

Illustration 1: Chandigarh

Illustration 2: Paris

Illustration 3: San Francisco

Illustration 4: California

13 Nov 09 WSD-09 hs.raiandrai.comIllustration 5: Firenze, Itely

13 Nov 09 WSD-09 hs.raiandrai.comIllustration 6: Slum (Mumbai)

Illustration 7: Slum

Illustration 8: Slum

Illustration 9: Slums

Agenda

• State of our towns and cities.

• Basic right of all to adequate shelter.

• Collective responsibility for the future of the human habitat.

Habitat: Definition

The area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occurs.

Habitat: Definition

The place where a person or thing is most likely to be found.

Habitat: Definition

A structure that affords a controlled environment for living in extremely inhospitable locations, such as an underwater research laboratory.

Shelter: Definition

• Something that provides cover or protection, as from the weather.

• An establishment that provides temporary housing for homeless people.

Densely populated area.

is a run-down area of a city characterised by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security.

The proportion of urban dwellers living in slums decreased from 47 percent to 37 percent in the developing world between 1990 and 2005.

However, due to rising population, the number of slum dwellers is rising. One billion people worldwide live in slums and the figure will likely grow to 2 billion by 2030.

Urban Planning

• Mixture of science and art.

• Encompasses many different disciplines

• Organization of all elements of a town or urban environment.

• Mid-to-late 19th century: plan or larger goals for the growth of big cities

• Cities grow as they had need, and the surrounding land was just swallowed up.

• Healthier housing for all: "mill villages" and "steel villages".

• Plans for safety, aesthetics and common sense

• Placement of everything from houses to factories.

• Parents wouldn't want their children's playground next to the water treatment plant

• Attractive architecture for city buildings

• Pleasing green spaces

• Schools into the neighbourhoods

• Hospitals in centralised locations

• Allows for growth

• Plans highways.

Cities and towns are increasingly feeling the effects of:

• climate change

• resource depletion

• food insecurity

• population growth

• economic instability

• overcrowding

• poverty

• slums

With over half of the world’s population currently living in urban areas, and this number set to rise to two-thirds in another generation, there is no doubt that the ‘urban agenda’ will increasingly become a priority for governments, local authorities and their non-governmental partners everywhere.

Unfortunately, current urban planning systems in many parts of the world are ill equipped to deal with these major urban challenges of the 21st century and, to a large extent, have failed to acknowledge the need to meaningfully involve communities and other stakeholders in the planning of urban areas. By failing to take these factors into account, planning systems in several parts of the world have contributed to the problems of 13 Nov 09 WSD-09 hs.raiandrai.com

marginalisation and exclusion in rapidly growing and largely, poor and informal cities.

Adequate urban basic services such as water supply, sanitation, waste management and providing the means of mobility, particularly to the urban poor, are central to promoting environmentally sustainable, healthy and liveable human settlements

But un-controlled growth of cities results in

• lowering of the quality of life

• reduced urban productivity

• increased burden of health care

• unmitigated environmental pollution.

Peri-urban settlements (inner-city slums and squatter settlements outside the regulatory boundaries):

• Growing at nearly double the rate of the city proper.

• 30 and 60 percent of urban populations

• 75 and 90 percent of future urban growth are likely to take place in these settlements.

• Most polluted and inaccessible areas,

• Risk from flooding and landslides

• Areas contaminated with wastes.

• Uncertain or illegal land tenure

• Lack the most basic infrastructure and services.

It is now increasingly recognised that the challenge of attaining the goals of the Habitat Agenda will have to be primarily met in these peri-urban settlements.

Water-related Basic Services

At the beginning of 2000, the number of urban dwellers without adequate access to water supplies reached an all-time high of 180 million, an increase of 62 million over the comparable figure in 1990.

39 million in Asian cities

A total of 409 million urban dwellers remaining without adequate access to sanitation: 305 million in Asia

The official statistics on the current coverage of basic services provide only a partial picture of the situation. For example, the coverage figures mostly relate to populations within the boundaries of the formal city and leave

out large peri-urban populations outside the formal cities.

Mobility Needs

In varying degrees of crisis.

The main contributing factors are:

• galloping urban growth

• declining per capita investment in transport infrastructure and services

• absence of any public space management policy.

The mass transport supply is becoming increasingly inadequate to meet the mobility needs of the people, particularly the urban poor. Owing to lack of public transport or simply because the poor can not afford it, walking accounts for up to 50 percent of movements in many developing country cities.

the urban poor are relegated to lower value land at the urban periphery. Consequently, they are forced to spend up to 30 percent of their income on transport to access economic opportunities and services.

A large part of the travel needs of the urban poor are currently met by informal transport and nonmotorised transport, yet few city authorities have a clearly spelt out transport policy addressing their mobility needs.

The urban poor are also at the receiving end of the majority of forced eviction / relocation due to transport infrastructure investment.

This has serious negative implications on social development and calls for a review of current programmes and policies for urban management and housing rights including security of tenure.

Resources

Government Industry

Optimum use resources

Solar architecture

Insulation of buildings

Others: Wherever possible, SAVE, and make equal distribution of benefits13 Nov 09 WSD-09 hs.raiandrai.com

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Thanks

Suggestions / Questions /Suggestions / Questions / Commets at:Commets at:

hsrai@gndec.ac.inhsrai@gndec.ac.in http://gndec.ac.in/~hsrai/http://gndec.ac.in/~hsrai/

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