Post on 04-Jun-2018
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CONTENTS
THE VOCAL TRACT5
PLACE AND MANNOR OF ARTICULATION..5
PRINCIPLES OF PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION. 6
PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES ..7
VOWELS AND DIPHTONGS 17
ACCENTS OF ENGLISH33
PHONOLOGICAL RULES .36
HOMONYMS/HETERONYMS 37
THE SYLLABLE 5
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THE VOCAL TRACT
1. S!! "#$! 17 %&'( )*! +',&-! ''.
2.
VT O N G U E
C
A
U V U L A A
F L U N G S
O V
P A L A T E T
T E E T H D O I
A S L I P SR A
L A R Y N X R
N R
X I
B L A D E
G
V E L U M
3. Place and manner of articulation in the ocal tract
F R I C A T I V E
R E T R O F L E X
G L O T T A L
P L O S I V E
A F F R I C A T E
U V U L A R
V E L A R
B I L A B I A L
P A L A T A L
L A B I O D E N T A L
A P P R O X I M A N T
D E N T A L
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P0#+!- #2 (#!& '% #&)+,0#)' '())!2 %&'( )*! #'4!
P0#+! #04!'0#& "'-)#04!'0#& "*#&8$!#0
M#!& -)'" 0#)!
!.Princi"le# of "honetic tran#cri"tion
A N T S P H O N E T $ C $ A N %
C L O R & R ' H S A V ( ) O $ O
C R E $ A * E * + S C S E N O ,A C ' S T N E C C A ( C $ P ' H
L A O P P A S - E R R % T ( O E
P A E N - E $ C - $ A V - N O %
H S N * S ' C R L V A T O T E
A & $ S O E * N $ S E A S L N
- * L $ / & N P * P * / % O
E L E - , R A A ' E N T E $ E H
T ' E / $ A * N - / O $ / P- , O / R $ - C S T ( , R O S -
E S V S A L L O P H O N E P N *
PRON*NC$AT$ON E+ERC$SES
CONSONANTS9 Voiced and oicele## con#onant#
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" 9
0##
0
"0'-4!
) 92
#04!'0#&
"0'-4!
9 $
4!0#&
"0'-4
!
% 4
0#'
2!)#0
%&+#)4!
2!)#0
%&+#)4!
- :
#04!'0#&
%&+#)4!
"#0#)'
#04!'0#&
%&+#)4!
"#0#)'
#04!'0#&
#%%&+#)!pear-
bear,
pill-
bill,
cap-
cab,
pie-by,
pea-be
path-
bath
latter-
ladder,
tip-dip,
time-
dime,
town-
down,
tie-die,
metal-
medal,
bed-
bet,
riding-
writing
duck-
dug,
coat-
goat,
come-
gum,
rack-
rag,
came-
game,
coast-
ghost,
cold-
gold
half-
have
safe-
save,
proof-
prove,
leaf-
leave,
belief-
believe
the,
they,
there,
these,
mother,
bother,
thank,
three,
thin,
bath,
both,
author,
birthda
y
seal-
zeal,
price-
prize,
ice-
eyes,
use-to
use,
peace-
peas,
place-
plays,
close-to
close
mention
fashion
shoulder
short
pleasure
measure
invasion
leisure
decision
wish
cheap-
jeep,
choice-
Joyce,
chin-
gin,
cheer-
jeer,
choke-
joke
0.-
"ronounced #ilent t #ilent m
grab, herb, globe, Babel,
hobby, kebab, jumbo,
bobtail, scrub, number,
subtend, shrub, rumble,
rugby, subtitle, samba,
rumba, subtract, adobe,
scuba, zombie, bribe, slab,
debtor, subtle, subtly,
subtler, doubt
climb, comb, bomb,
numb, limb, thumb,
crumb, tomb, plumb,
womb, plumber, dumb,
lamb
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subway
I )*! %&-) +'(#)' ;)< - "&'',+!2 =*! ) - "#&) '% # "&!%> #-
subtend, subtitle, subtract, #2 )*! 0#))!& ;(< =*! #""!#&- -2! #
('&"*!(! '& ,) '% (!#$ #- )*! ='&2- jumbo, number, rumble, samba,
rumba, zombie.
4. C
// // // // #ilent ccease, cent,society, civic,
cement, cite,
recital, recipe,
racist,pacific,
succinct,
cider,lucidly,
specific, incite,
glacial, decide,
cigar, bacillus,
decibel,
precinct,
specific
ancient, crucial,
facial, social,
vicious, special,
suspicious,
gracious,
official,
precious,
glacial,
judicial,
spacious,
financial,
associate,
appreciate
civic, pacific,
impact,
critic,
Connecticut,
succinct,
epect,
select,
specific,
colour,
cat,
precinct
cello,
Cin!uecent
o
indict,
Connecticut,
"eicester
5.CC
// // /6#/ /6/stucco, Boccaccio, coccus, Boccaccio, accident, accuracy
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acciaccatura, #ecca, yucca,
moccasin, hiccup, Bacchus,
baccalaureate, soccer, siroccos,
tobacco, acclaim, baccarat
zucchini
acciaccatura
, Bertolucci,
cappuccino,
pasticcio
accept, flaccid,
access, succeed,
succinct
7.CH
// // //chip, cheese, chap,
lunch, chat, chin,
chew,cha-cha,
chain, cheap,
bachelor, rich,
butcher, lynch
champagne, chic,
chalet, chef,
chagrin, chassis,
brochure, pistachio
Christmas, anarchy, stomach,
chord, aching, chaos, chorus,
Christ, school, charisma,
archaism, archives, mechanic,
drachmas, catechism, malachite,
architect
//$reenwich , //loch, #ilent ch yacht,yachting18.C9*
// //ac!uit, ac!uire, ac!uaint, ac!uittal,
#c%ueen
bec!uerel, lac!uering, rac!uet,
Jac!ues
11./
// #ilent d // :ed// // //
dad, dart,
add,
audit,
hundred,
handkerchief
,
grandma,
&ednesday
soldier,
badge,
edge,
fudge,
hundred,
limited,
eceeded,
good-
baked,
crossed,
marked,
pressed,
aged,
abridged,
solved,
married,
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badly,
grenadier
,
deadline
shed
judge,
hedge,
procedure,
abridged
hearted,
footed,
pointed,
naked
processed boiled,
horned,
satisfied,
obliged,
12.;
// // #ilent < // //agglomerate,
beggar, luggage,
eaggerate,
recognize, egg,
reggae, dignity,
dogma, enigma,
agnostic,stigma,
pigment,
pragmatic,regress,
hangman,
fragment, bugger
luggage,
gem, veggie
region,
regimen,
gin, gym
gnat, reign,
gnome,
foreign,
design,
champaign,
assign,
paradigm
guilt
fatigue
$uinness
guide
guilty
argue
guest
guerilla
linguist,
unguent,
penguin,
sanguinity,
language
E>+!")'-get, finger, anger, girl, give, begin, giggle gimmick.
13.H
// // #ilent
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1!.H
// #ilent hhelp, perhaps, humour, hello,alcohol, (oho, herb, habit, heavy,
hound, honeymoon, aloha, happy
honest, oh, rhythm, rheumatic, ghost,wheat, rhyme, rhetoric, whistle, heir,
hour, rhinitis, amah, $iseh, 'llah,
honour, rhinoceros
1=.
/ : /
/{ {
/
10.>
// #ilent 6;@< !>+!")'- )' 6?n&,0!
)afka, kaftan, khaki, frankness,
khalif, chalk, folk, fake, work,
break, kangaroo, keen, keep,
kid, king, anorak
knee, kneel, knob,
knock, knit, knob,
know
acknowledge, cockney,
sickness, weakness,
banknote
E>"0##)' %'& !>+!")'- )' )*! 6?n&,0!
=*! 6n- "&!+!2!2 8 c) - "&'',+!2 /n/ =*! 6- %'00'=!2 8 # -,%%> =*+* -)#&)- =)* )*! 0!))!& n ) - #0-'
"&'',+!2 /n/.14. L
// #ilent l ; ;left, little, illustrate, life, believe, hello, salmon, would, coolly, soulless,
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only, realm, fellow, careless, girl, all,
shall, well, light, laughter, locally,
syllable, call, umbrella, paella, chilly,
"incoln
calm, calf, balm,
palm, could, half,
"incoln
cruelly, levelly,
tailless
Silent l&,0!. T*! 0!))!& l- ?,)! '%)! -0!) 0')- '% ='&2- =*!&! l- %'00'=!2
8 f 6 '& m#2 - "&!+!2!2 8 )*! 4'=!0 0!))!& a'& o. R!(!(!& )'' )*#) l -
-0!) )*! ='&2- could couldn@t #hould #houldn@t ould #2ouldn@t.
/oule ll&,0! 9 A ='&2 !2$ )*! 0!))!& l %'00'=!2 8 # -,%%> !$$ =)*
)*! 0!))!& l&!)#- ')* l- "&',+#)'.
15. %N
#ilent n "ronounced n
damn, solemn, limn, hymn, autumn,
condemn
hymnal, chimney, alumnus, mnemonic,
condemnation, slimness,
calmness, damnation,
warmness, limner
17.N
// / / / /bang, ding, gang, hang,
singer, tongue, hanger,
king, lung, wing, stringer
bangle, bingo, jungle,
finger,singer,
shingles, strangle
stranger, danger, ginger,
engine, ranger, change,
stingy, fringe, orange,
sponge, arrange, revenge,
syringe
28. P
// #ilent " ;f; //chapter,
clipboard,
pneumatic, *tolemy,
raspberry, pneumonia,
photo, philatelic,
graph, alphabet,
nephew,
(tephan
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humpback,
scarps,
chipboard,
abrupt,
adopt, chirps,
scrapbook
cupboard, psychology,
pterodactyl, receipt,
psychic, psalm,
pterosaur, corps,
psychosis
dolphin, nephew,
phenomenon,
emphasize,
phantasm,
phonetician
21. S
// // // // Silent #sack, lesson,
spasm,
chess,
persuasion,
case, listen,
use, close,
lace, smoke,
silent
spasm,
does, rise,
use, truism,
close, was,
egoism, as,
nose,
cubism,
result, loser
'sia, treasure,
persuasion,
collision,
decision, leisure,
division, measure,
invasion,
adhesion,
pleasure,conclusion,
confusion
'sia,
accession,
passion,
remission,
sugar, mission,
pension,
admission,
obsession,sure, torsion
aisle,
island,
isle,
debris
22.SC
// // // //scene, scent,
scenario, scenery,
scissors, fascination,
scythe, scintillate,
ascend, scientist,
obscene, descend
disconnect, score,
scan, scar, skeptical,
escape, scale, scaffold,
(cotch, scapegoat,
scallop, scone, scary,
biscuit, skull
conscious,
conscience
luscious
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23.SCH
// // // //G!&(# '&$school, scheme, scholar,schedule, schematize,
schismatic, schism,
schizophrenic
schismatic,schism
schwa,schedule
, schist
schnitzel, 'uschwitz,schnapps, schnauzer,
(chumann, *orsche,
(chopenhauer
//kitsch , pinscher2!. T
// // // #ilent t US// /:B: US: /
autumnal, fast,
tired, cutter,
flotation,
initiate, better,
negotiate,
licentiate,
ingratiate,
time, letter,
settle,
contribution,
propitiate,
button, autumn
damnation,
composition,
flotation,
initiate,
condition,
negotiate,
licentiate,
apparition,
intubation,
ingratiate,
compilation,
animation,
contribution,
propitiate
capture,
culture,
feature,
gesture,
adventure,
picture,
miture,
creature,
torture,
lecture
castle,
gourmet
,
whistle,
rapport,
listen
cutter
,
better
,
letter,
settle
tube
tumour,
tutor,
tuition
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2=. TH
// // /t/ US#ilentth
+hea, tooth, truth,
asthmatic, thumb, thick,
aesthetic, earth,
anesthesia, thief, amethyst,
path, health, month,
nothing, +hatcher, thyroid,
thirsty, three, asthma,
theme, with followed by
voiceless consonant
though, although,
bathe, bother,
another, either, this,
there, leather, the,
smooth, mother,
weather, rather, with,
those, that
thyme,
+hailand,
+hames,
+hai
asthmatic,
asthma
20. '
// // #ilent
&ebster, woolen, word, window,
&alachia, walkman, whale,
anyway, dward, weather, aware,
dwarf, wall, water, work, tweed,
waist, whitewash, whistle, with,
wheat
&ittgenstein sword, bellow, wrath,
whom, answer, wrist,
two, blow, writer,
/awkes, brow
24. +
// // // / /affi, bo, 0iie,
appendi, eliir, heagon,
a, maimum, oen, fo,
fleion,
seual,
anious,
1enia,
enophobe,
1ero
1-certificate,
1-ray, inde,
1-rated, leical
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orthodo, ta, saophone,
wa, rela, oide
infleion,
noious,
connection
25. E+B E+C
eactly{., , , eaggerate{.|., ; ,
ealt:|, , , , ealtation%.:., %.eample:.=, ; , ecavation %..ecel , ecellence..eclaim, eclamation %..eecution%.:., eecutor.., , , eercise.. eter.., e gratia. ehalation %..ehibit., ; , ehibition %..,epect, epectation%..eperiment.., , epert.3:eplain, eplanation%..eport;.
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1. I% )*! "&!%> (!#- %'&(!& #- e-president, e-wife!)+. )*! ) - #0=#8- -)&!--!2
#2 - "&'',+!2 /!-/.
. I% )*! %'00'=$ -800#0! - ,-)&!--!2 #- eclamation, ehibition!)+. )*! )*! "&!%> --)&!--!2 #2 )*! 4'=!0 =00 ! /!/.
3. I% )*! "&!%> - %'00'=!2 8 # +'-'#) #- ecuse, eport!)+ )*! +'-'#)- #&! /-/.
27. (
Con#onant // yogurt, your, yes, youth, yucca.
Voel S)&'$ -800#0!-
/D/ // // / US/
/ US / // /3:US 3:/
amaryllis, gym,
cryptogram, pay,
oyster, crystal,
myriad, hymn,
pyramid,
symmetry,
dysleia, mystic
try, dry, by,
comply,
cycle,
hydrogen,
psychology
'my buye
r
(yracuse
, tyrant,
tyre,
gyrate
syrup,
(yracuse
, lyric
myrtle
W!# -800#0!-
// /ai/ //gypt, oygen
syringe, +yrol,
clarify, paralyze, apply abbey, weekly, carry, citizenry,
psychology, symmetry, anybody,
study, happily
38.)
// /t#/ Silent Brazil, czar, czarina, citizen, doze, /itzgerald, czar, pizza, chez,
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gazelle, czar, azure, zucchini, seize,
lazuli, (uzuki, czarina, buzzer,
zigzag, zirconium, Jacuzzi, jazz,
puzzle, zip, zebra, azimuth
czarina, 2ffizi,
intermezzo, mezzo,
paparazzo
E>+!")'- Czech /3, seizure 3331.
#