Post on 30-Apr-2020
INNOVATIVE TIMBER BASED SYSTEMS FOR SCHOOLS
Wood Solution Fairs 2012
Toronto
Presented by:
Nabih Tahan, aia, mriai
2440 Grant St.
Berkeley, Ca. 94703
Tel: 510-848-2514
Cell: 510-684-0978
Email: nabih.tahan@creebuildings.com
Website: www.creebuildings.com
Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the
presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
CREE BUILDINGS, Inc
Canadian Wood Council, Wood WORKS! and the Wood Solutions Fair is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members who complete a participation form at the registration counter. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Program Education Credit Information
Learning Objectives
1. Participants will have an overview of the sustainable forestry carbon cycle and
the advantages of using wood as a building material
2. They will become familiar with new and innovative „timber“ products and
systems which can be used for the design and construction of schools.
3. They will become familiar with projects and strategies that have been used to
design new schools as well as retrofit existing ones.
4. They will have an understanding of how an integrated „system built“ approach
can improve buildng performance.
• Nabih introduction
• Advantages of Wood
• New Wood Products and Systems Driving Innovations
• Systems Approach to Design and Construction
• School Examples: New and Additions, Europe
• School Examples: New Buildings at University of British Columbia
• School Examples: Systems Approach in USA
• School Examples: New Schools Built with Cross Laminated Timber
• Schools Examples: Prefabricated, Deep Energy Retrofits
• Study from Vienna: Modular timber Based System for Schools
• Performance
Summary of presentation
Nabih’s Experience
Austria
• Multi-family projects
• Pre-fabricated in wood
• Low energy standard
Nabih’s Experience
Ireland
Imported low energy, pre-fabricated homes from Austria
Berkeley
Remodeled home to Passive House Standard
Nabih’s Experience
Study for Austrian Trade Commission
Opportunities for transferring know-how
between Austria and the USA
Consulting
Architectural, structural and energy
consulting services including the Passive
House Standard.
Products
Development of high performance products
Systems
Development of modern, industrial
construction methods.
ADVANTAGES
OF
WOOD
Forestry Carbon Cycle
MATERIAL SELECTION
MANUFACTURE
ON-SITE
OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPANCY
MAINTENANCE DEMOLITION
RECYCLE / REUSE
DISPOSAL
Life Cycle of Buildings
Ecological
Backpack
Urban
Mining
Passive House
ZNE
Embodied Energy
Compare Concrete – Steel - Wood
+ 2,060 lbs CO2 / ft³ + 1,250 lbs CO2 / ft³ - 60 lbs / ft³
142 kWh/ft³ 250 kWh/ft³ 5 kWh/ft³
150 lbs/ ft³ 485 lbs/ ft³ 28 lbs/ft³
60 kWh/ft³
The items of daily life are heavier than we think:
WWW.CREEBYRHOMBERG.COM COPYRIGHT BY CREE
Source: Schmidt-Bleek 2000, Das MIPS-Konzept, Droemer Knaur, München
How do we use the resources of the planet?
Product-weight
Ecological Backpack
Cell Desktop Gold ring
Demolition-Recycle-Reuse-Disposal
Wood recycled as
building products
Wood recycled
for furniture
Wood converted
to energy –
see town of Guessing, Austria
Urban Mining: rubble is valuable.
You do not have to go to great lengths to produce something
that already exists: the term urban mining is becoming
significantly more relevant in the field of sustainable building.
WWW.CREEBYRHOMBERG.COM COPYRIGHT BY CREE
Urban Mining
NEW WOOD PRODUCTS
AND SYSTEMS
DRIVING INNOVATIONS
Traditional Wood Industry
– Working with wood, craftsmanship at a human
and community scale.
– Natural, renewable resource
– Minimum advancements in technology
New Wood Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
– Steel
– Concrete Energy
– Oil, coal Power
– Plastics Waste
New Wood Industrial Revolution
Collaboration between carpenter, artisans, forest
workers, architects, machinery, engineers,
business people, researchers. environmentalists,
creating green jobs, healthy buildings and a
sustainable environment.
High Performance Timber Products
Finger jointed framing lumber
Cross Laminated Timber
Glue laminated timber
Structural members
- Around the year 2000 price of glulam decreased due to machinery, glues, volume
- Low moisture content 10-12%, easier to use CNC machinery – no
shrinkage, very low tolerance
Industrial Manufacturing Process
Produce panels off-site
Assemble on Site
Architect / Builder collaborate electronically
“Digital Age” of Wood Architecture
Precision cutting of wood members
Hybrid - Wood / Concrete System
Assembly
Mock-up
Design
Fire Test
Hybrid System – Fire Testing
Charring Rate: 1 ½” p. hour
Fire Chamber
Comparing wood and steel
Result of 2 hour Fire Test
Annual end energy requirement for buildings in kWh/m²a
For the Passive House: Heat demand max. is 1.4 kWh/ft²/year or 4.75 kBTU/ft²year
End energy requirement in kBTU/ft² a 15.85 31.70 47.55 63.40 79.25 95.10
Energy Consumption
Credit: Guenter Lang Consulting
In kWh / m² / year
Passive House Standard Source: Mika Gröndahl/The New York Times – Snug and Tight – April 30, 2009
SYSTEMS
APPROACH TO
DESIGN
AND
CONSTRUCTION
Infrastructure Unsustainable Patterns
Worldwide, the building industry is responsible for:
- 40% consumption of resources 1) - 25% - 40% consumption of energy 1)
- 30% - 40% emission of greenhouse gas 1) - 30% - 40% of solid waste generation 1)
- 60% of the transportation 2)
1) Source: UNEP SBCI – United Nations Environment Program
2) Ton kilometre
Traditional Building Industry
• We build every building manually
• Using very complex methods
• Long construction schedules
• High consumption of energy and
resources
• Commercial buildings are
exclusively built out of steel and
reinforced concrete
Current Methods of Delivering Buildings
Design – Bid - Build Integrated Design Process Still a prototype: one team, one building, one system
Traditional Method Improved Method
Industrial “System Approach”
Integral Design
Building physics
Architecture
Fire
protection/control
Structural
design
Management of
Processes
Marketing
Supply Chain Management
Facility Management
Industrial “System Approach”
Industrial Manufacturing
Mechanical
systems
Core
Columns / posts
Floor slabs
Façade
Research and Product Development for
Timber based building construction for
sustainable multi-storey buildings to
demonstrate that we can push the limits of
wood
• Timber construction system up to
30 floors
• Industrial pre-fabrication
• Passive house standard and
power generation
LifeCycle Tower
Research and Development
Building Product and System
To Turnkey
And on-site assembly
From Structural System
Including all Systems
SCHOOL EXAMPLES:
NEW AND ADDITIONS
IN EUROPE
Campus Kuchl, Salzburg - Addition
Architect: Dietrich / Untertrifaller Arch., Bregenz, Austria
• Technical college specializing in timber
construction and engineering
• 3 story wood frame construction with
concrete stairs for additional fire protection
and stiffness
• First high school in Austria to the Passive
House Standard, with 14” insulation, triple
glazing, heat recovery ventilation, with
biomass district heating.
• Parkett floors
• Wall paneling
• Ext. wood shading elements
• 3 story 4 sided building with courtyard in center open,
allows view through building and landscape
• Demand for ecology and resource efficiency led to
Passive House Standard
• Roof Construction is with glulam solid floor slabs
with light weight concrete above.
Agricultural School - Addition
Architect: Fink Thurnher Arch., Bregenz, Austria
Glue-Laminated Floor Slabs
• Locallly grown white fir, untreated is used as
visible surfaces for floor, ceilings and interior
paneling and exterior cladding.
Agricultural School - Addition
Architect: Fink Thurnher Arch., Bregenz, Austria
• One of the largest wood buildings in
Switzerland built in timber frame
construction with 12’ x 17’ grid
• 4 tracts of differing heights create a
courtyard
• 4 concrete cores for stairs and wet
rooms for fire protection and stiffness
• Large rooms such as gym which could
not have heavy load bearing posts were
placed on top floor and carry only the
roof loads.
Switzerland: Kantonschule, in Wil
Architect: Staufer & Hasler, Arch. Swizterland.
Switzerland: Kantonschule, in Wil
Architect: Staufer & Hasler, Arch. Swizterland.
4 concrete cores for
stairs at wet rooms,
provide structural
stiffness and fire
protection for exiting.
• School Addition, 300 feet long x 55
feet high.
• Built with central concrete core for
fire protection.
• Wood modules from prefabricated
wall elements were installed on
either side of core.
• Balconies were designed to also
allow light into core
• Deep overhangs to protect wood
• Glue Laminated slabs were used
under windows for stiffness
• Careful detailing of wood, rain
screen, shed water.
Engineering and Technical School for Wood Industry. Biel
Architect: Marcel Meili, Markus Peter Arch. Swizterland.
• Original school build in the 60’s
had high operating costs. New
school built to the Passive House
standard and reduces operating
costs by 70%
Hauptschule, Klaus - Austria
Architect: Dietrich / Untertrifaller Arch. Dornbirn, Austria
• Central stair core as exposed
concrete for additional stiffness
and fire protection
• Prefabridated timber frame
construction
• Fixed exterior sun shading in
copper sheet metal with holes.
appears closed on exterior and
transparent from interior
Hauptschule, Klaus - Austria
Architect: Dietrich / Untertrifaller Arch. Dornbirn, Austria
Fachhochscule Weihenstephan, Freising- Munich
Architect: Florian Nagler Arch. Munich, Germany
• New school built to follow the topography of the hill, with
series of ramps and stairs on the interior
• Wood Trellis interior wall as separation to techical rooms
Fachhochscule Weihenstephan, Freising- Munich
Architect: Florian Nagler Arch. Munich, Germany
Excellenzzentrum Garching / Munich
Architect: Hermann Kaufmann, Austria
• Super insulated wood
framed elements
covering a reinforced
concrete core for stairs
and chases
• Triple glazed windows
throughout
• Exterior shading
element to reduce heat
gains
Various School Projects
Architect: Hermann Kaufmann, Austria
Kinderhaus Garsching, Munich
School in Bizau, Austria – Addition and remodel
School in Schnepfau, Austria – Addition and remodel
SCHOOL EXAMPLES:
NEW BUILDINGS AT
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA
UBC CENTER FOR INTERACTIVE RESEARCH
ON SUSTAINABILITY (CIRS) www.cirs.ubc.ca
About
UBC students, faculty
members, staff and partners
come together in CIRS to
explore new sustainability
technologies, tools and
approaches.
Mission, Vision, Goals
The CIRS' vision is to be an
internationally recognized
leader in accelerating the
adoption of sustainable
building and urban
development practices
Architects: Perkins+Will
CIRS was designed to be ‘net positive’ in several ways—
• net-positive energy;
• structural carbon neutrality;
• operational carbon; net-zero water;
• turning passive occupants into active inhabitants;
• promoting health and productivity; and promoting well-being
UBC CENTER FOR INTERACTIVE RESEARCH
ON SUSTAINABILITY (CIRS) www.cirs.ubc.ca
Built to exceed LEED Platinum and Living
Building Challenge standards, CIRS is
one of the few commercial buildings
constructed primarily of certified wood
and beetle-killed wood (currently B.C.’s
largest source of carbon emissions). Its
wood structure locks in more than 500
tonnes of carbon, offsetting the GHG
emissions that resulted from the use of
other non-renewable construction
materials in the building such as cement,
steel and aluminum.
UBC - EARTH SCIENCE BUILDING
Architects: Perkins + Will Vancouver
The north wing is supported by glulam columns and
beams.
Floors are composed of TimberStrand laminated strand
lumber and concrete, and the roof and canopies are
made of cross laminated timber (CLT). It is the largest
panelized wood project in North America to date.
Structural Engineer: Equilibrium Consulting Ltd. of
Vancouver, The stairway is the star element of the
building. It’s a floating stairway that has never been
done in wood anywhere in the world before.
UBC - EARTH SCIENCE BUILDING
Constructed to LEED Gold standards, ESB is the largest panelized wood building and the largest application
of cross laminated timber in North America. The building uses over 1,300 tons of BC sourced and engineered
CLT – each ton of dry wood products sequesters sufficient carbon to keep between 1.8 and 2.0 tons of CO2
from being formed. The wood materials in the ESB will sequester about 2,600 tons of CO2..
SCHOOL EXAMPLES:
SYSTEMS APPROACH
IN USA
Burr and Burton Academy, Vermont
Architect / Builder: Bensonwood, New Hampshire
In-house Design / Build Team allows for:
•Faster design and turn-around times
•3D modeling software – quick studies
•Better, air-tight structures
•Greater project coordination
•Less plan / concept confusion
•Lower project cost and schedules
•Digitally controlled fabrication
School Campus
Peru, Vermont
Build Date: May 2012
LEED Platinum Certifications
Common Ground High School, New Haven, Connecticut
Engineer / Fabricator: Bensonwood, New Hampshire
Revit Model from Gray Organschi Architect
Bensonwood Cadwork model from imported
Revit model
Bensonwood’s timber modeling
Bensonwood’s panelized structure
High School Campus
New Haven, Connecticut
Build Date: August 2012
Project Team
Architect: Gray Organschi Architecture
Engineer: Foundations: Edward Stanley Engineers
Engineer Superstructure-fabricator: Bensonwood
Coastal Maine botanical Gardens, Maine
Building Shell Fabricator: Bensonwood, New Hampshire
Mechanical System Modeling / Building Integration
–solves interference problems before they occur
From virtual model to finished building
Educational Center
Boothbay Harbor, Maine
Build Date: January 2011
LEED Plantinum
Net Zero facility
Project Team
Architect: Macklay Architects / Scott Simons Architects
Structural: Becker Structural Engineers, Inc
Mechanical Engineer: Allied Engineering
General Contractor: HP Cummings
Building Shell Fabricator: Bensonwood
SCHOOL EXAMPLES NEW
SCHOOLS BUILT IN
CROSS LAMINATED
TIMBER (CLT)
Bessemer Grange Children’s Center - Southwark, London Constructed by: KLH UK Engineers: Techniker Architect: Architype
• Renovation of existing school
• New 2 story CLT butterfly-roof creates new
classrooms, and nursery facilities
• Links to existing pre-fabricated steel structure
Advantages of CLT
•Speed of Construction:
o 6 to 8 weeks
o 200 to 300 ft² per day
•Cleanliness:
o Minimum dust, easy to maintain
•Wide-span Construction
o Spans 12 to 30 feet
o Transport up to 50 foot slabs
o Reduces overall weight of
structure by about a third
Rye Oak Children’s Center – Southwark, London Constructed by: KLH UK Engineers: Techniker Egger Architects
• New Extension to existing school.
• Internal and external walls, floors, roof and
canopies, reception stair, lift core, bridges
are constructed with CLT
• Spans of 20 feet for roof and classroom
areas
• Fast and efficient – constructed in 6 weeks
Advantages of CLT
•Flexibility
o Architectural features, open
corners, cantilevers, open stairs
•Embodied Energy for Handling
o Few parts – handling of
materials in only two lifts
St. Charles Catholic Sixth Form College, London Constructed by: KLH UK Engineers: Techniker Architect: Studio E
• New multi-use sports
hall, fitness studio
and teaching facility Advantages of CLT
•Work Health and Safety
o No wet trades, hot material, sharp edges, curing
materials, bottled gases or additives
o Battery powered hand held tools instead of
heavy tools used for concrete and steel
•High Fabrication Tolerances
o Panels are within 1/16” tolerances where
concrete frames are up to ¼” and ½ “
Kingsdale School, London Constructed by: KLH UK Engineers: Techniker dRMM Architects
• New sports hall and music
school
• Reduction of elements –
Four CLT walls with rigid
roof diaphragm on glulam
beams.
• Building prefabricated in
Austria and erected in 2
weeks in London
Advantages of CLT
•Details
o Connect panels with double threaded screws
o Stronger joints require plates and angles
o Easy to install windows, trim etc. because of
1/16 “ accuracy
o Fire resistant – chars without igniting
o Higher acoustic performance with floating floor
construction
Examples of CLT – High School in Taufkirchen / Pram, Austria Architect: Dietmar Feichtinger Architects CLT Manufacturer: www.klh.at
Examples of CLT – Sports Hall in Studenzen, Austria Design: DI Werner Trummer, Feldbach www.klh.at
Examples of CLT – Elemantary School Hermagor, Austria Design: DI Dr. Herwig Ronacher www.klh.at
SCHOOL EXAMPLES:
PREFABRICATED,
DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS
Elementary School St. Leonhard – Arnoldstein, Austria
Architect: Gerhard Kopeinig – Arch + More, Austria
• Passive house retrofit
• Prefabricated wall
elements, completely
wrapped existing
building
• Pellet heating system
• Reduced heating costs
by 90%
• Reduced thermal bridging
• Insulated building envelope, including
ground slab
• Heat recovery ventilation, with silencers
• Exterior shading
Elementary School St. Leonhard – Arnoldstein, Austria
Architect: Gerhard Kopeinig – Arch + More, Austria
Polutechnical School Remodel, Schwanenstadt, Austria
Project Coordination: Guenter Lang Consulting, Austria
Polutechnical School Remodel, Schwanenstadt, Austria
Project Coordination: Guenter Lang Consulting, Austria
STUDY FROM VIENNA FOR
MODULAR TIMBER BASED
SYSTEM FOR SCHOOLS
Preplanned modules based on an app. 10
foot layout resulting in classrooms app. 700 ft²
Vienna:
Study for Erecting Temporary and Permanent schools Project
Goal: Create basis for developing a modular, wood
based system to build quickly and economically
temporary and permanent schools to high architectural
and ecological standards.
•Alternate to current steel container system
•Develop a standard specification system
•Enable simple process of planning and cost estimating
and scheduling
•Document and compare study to other national and
international examples
•Develop modular system for construction and
specifications with the cooperrtion of companies working
in the area of wood industry.
•City of Vienna and wood research institutes reviewed
concept for code compliance and technical feasibility
Issues of concern
•Comfort in summer and winter
•Indoor air quality
•Fire protection and acoustics
•Day-lighting and solar gains
•Electromagatic quality
•Ecological quality of building materials
•Space and functional requirement
•Building Science
•Building systems (MEP) and standards
•Cost,
•Scheduling
•Permit approval process
A few of the different grids designed to
classrooms, bathrooms, offices, etc.
Modules created from grids Wall system developed
Vienna:
Study for Erecting Temporary and Permanent schools Project
Vienna:
Study for Erecting Temporary and Permanent schools Project
Modules prefabricated from predesigned
elements and can be covered with several
façade systems.
Exposed
wood floor Hybrid wood
concrete floor
Timber frame
construction
Example of
wall section
Example of plug on facade
Floor plans created from modules
Building Section with exposed timber ceilings, beams,
walls, facades, etc.
Perspective of school designed with modular system
Vienna: Study for Erecting Temporary and Permanent schools
Project
PERFORMANCE
1,586 1,586
6,863 5,123
9,534
10,328
8,640
8,079
859
1,109
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Wood construction Reinforeced concrete construction
LifeCycle Tower: Cost comparison Wood construction vs. Reinforced Concrete construction
Share in the costs
MEP
Interior
Shell & Core
Design
MIO US$
Cost Comparisons
325,295 lbs
18,277,481 lbs
-1,564,131 lbs
1,290,434 lbs
3,247,923 lbs
3,423,241 lbs
-64,143 lbs
-117,075 lbs
-5,000,000 lbs
0 lbs
5,000,000 lbs
10,000,000 lbs
15,000,000 lbs
20,000,000 lbs
25,000,000 lbs
LifeCycle Tower: CO2-equivalents Wood construction / Reinforced Concrete construction
EOL Maintenance total
Maintenance total
EOL Production total
Production total
R.C.C.Total: 22,874,081 lbs CO2
Wood constructionTotal: 1,944,944 lbs CO2
92%
CO2 Equivalents
This concludes the:
• American Institute of Architects
• Ontario Association of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Program
INNOVATIVE TIMBER BASED SYSTEMS FOR SCHOOLS
Questions/ Comments?
Nabih Tahan, AIA
2440 Grant St. Berkeley, Ca. 94703
Tel: 510-848-2514 510-684-0978 cell
Email: nabih.tahan@creebuildings.com www.creebuildings.com