Post on 13-Apr-2017
05/03/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 1
Welcome to our PresentationCourse Name : Power system
AnalysisCourse Code:00697Section : ECourse Instructor : Rethwan Faiz
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Group : 1 Submitted By Name IDHaque,Md Rashidul 13-
24186-2Haque tahsin,Shamsul Arefin 12-
21353-2Shezan Ehsanul Haq 13-
24109-2Azmaeen,Mesbah Hossain 13-
24003-2
Wireless Power Transmission
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What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?History of WPTTypes of WPT
◦ Techniques to transfer energy wirelesslyAdvantages and disadvantagesApplicationsConclusionReferences
Overview
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What is WPT?The transmission of energy from
one place to another without using wires
Conventional energy transfer is using wires
But, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies
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Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical
energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during
transmission• On an average, more than 30%• In India, it exceeds 40%
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Why WPT?ReliableEfficientFastLow maintenance costCan be used for short-range or long-range.
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HistoryNikola Tesla in late 1890sPioneer of induction techniquesHis vision for “World Wireless
System”The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast
energyAll people can have access to free
energyDue to shortage of funds, tower did
not operate
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History (contd…)Tesla was able to transfer energy
from one coil to another coilHe managed to light 200 lamps
from a distance of 40kmThe idea of Tesla is taken in to
research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is named as ‘WiTricity’.
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Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniques
Inductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir Ionization
Far-field techniquesMicrowave Power Transmission
(MPT)LASER power transmission
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Inductive coupling Primary and secondary coils are
not connected with wires.Energy transfer is due to Mutual
Induction
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Inductive coupling (contd…)Transformer is also an exampleEnergy transfer devices are usually air-coredWireless Charging Pad(WCP),electric brushes
are some examplesOn a WCP, the devices are to be kept, battery
will be automatically charged.
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Inductive coupling(contd…)Electric brush also charges using
inductive couplingThe charging pad (primary coil)
and the device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each other
It is preferred because it is comfortable.
Less use of wiresShock proof
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Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Combination of inductive coupling
and resonanceResonance makes two objects
interact very stronglyInductance induces current
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How resonance in RIC?Coil provides the inductanceCapacitor is connected parallel to
the coilEnergy will be shifting back and
forth between magnetic field surrounding the coil and electric field around the capacitor
Radiation loss will be negligible
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Block diagram of RIC
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An example
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RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than
inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared
to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. But
usually inductive coupling is one-to-one
Devices using RIC technique are highly portable
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Air IonizationToughest technique
under near-field energy transfer techniques
Air ionizes only when there is a high field
Needed field is 2.11MV/mNatural example:
LighteningNot feasible for practical
implementation
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Advantages of near-field techniquesNo wiresNo e-wasteNeed for battery is
eliminatedEfficient energy
transfer using RICHarmless, if field
strengths under safety levels
Maintenance cost is less
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DisadvantagesDistance constraintField strengths have to be under
safety levelsInitial cost is highIn RIC, tuning is difficultHigh frequency signals must be
the supplyAir ionization technique is not
feasible
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Far-field energy transferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightLASER or microwaveAims at high power transfer
Tesla’s tower was built for this
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Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one
place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually
Steps:◦Electrical energy to microwave
energy◦Capturing microwaves using
rectenna◦Microwave energy to electrical
energy
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MP T (contd…)AC can not be directly converted
to microwave energyAC is converted to DC firstDC is converted to microwaves
using magnetronTransmitted waves are received
at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the output
DC is converted back to AC
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LASER transmissionLASER is highly directional,
coherentNot dispersed for very longBut, gets attenuated when it
propagates through atmosphereSimple receiver
◦Photovoltaic cellCost-efficient
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Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
To provide energy to earth’s increasing energy need
To efficiently make use of renewable energy i.e., solar energy
Solar energy is captured using photocells
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RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and
diodesConverts microwave to its DC
equivalentUsually multi-element phased
array
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Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW
of power from SPSIt is about one and a half mile
long
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LASER vs. MPTWhen LASER is used, the antenna
sizes can be much smallerMicrowaves can face interference
(two frequencies can be used for WPT are 2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)
LASER has high attenuation loss and also it gets diffracted by atmospheric particles easily
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Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc
are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the
transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight
Can reach the places which are remote
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Disadvantages of far-field energy trasnferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen LASERs are used,
◦conversion is inefficient◦Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used, ◦interference may arise◦FRIED BIRD effect
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ApplicationsNear-field energy transfer
◦ Electric automobile charging Static and moving
◦ Consumer electronics◦ Industrial purposes
Harsh environmentFar-field energy transfer
◦ Solar Power Satellites◦ Energy to remote areas◦ Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
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ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial
costBetter than conventional wired
transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be completely
wireless
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References S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,”
Wireless power transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)
Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy, September 2009
C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”
David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010
Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless Sensors”
Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008
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References(contd…)André Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D.
Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher and Marin Soljačić, “Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances”, Science, June 2007
T. R. Robinson, T. K. Yeoman and R. S. Dhillon, “Environmental impact of high power density microwave beams on different atmospheric layers”,
White Paper on Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Systems, URSI, September 2006
Richard M. Dickinson, and Jerry Grey, “Lasers for Wireless Power Transmission”
S.S. Ahmed, T.W. Yeong and H.B. Ahmad, “Wireless power transmission and its annexure to the grid system”
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