Post on 21-Dec-2015
Wireless Power and Data TransferWireless Power and Data Transfer
forfor
Sonar Array Applications Sonar Array Applications
By:By:Ricardo M. SilvaRicardo M. Silva
Advised by:Advised by:Dr. Rajeev Bansal (Univ. of Connecticut)Dr. Rajeev Bansal (Univ. of Connecticut)Mr. Michael Sullivan (Electric Boat)Mr. Michael Sullivan (Electric Boat)
Sponsored by:Sponsored by:Electric BoatElectric Boat
Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin
In cooperation with:In cooperation with:EDOEDO
NUWCNUWC
ProblemProblem
Future sensor systems such as large passive hull Future sensor systems such as large passive hull mounted submarine sonar arrays may have mounted submarine sonar arrays may have thousands of sensors.thousands of sensors.
Cables and connectors can dominate the cost of Cables and connectors can dominate the cost of an arrayan array::
Labor intensive.Labor intensive. High quality connectors are expensiveHigh quality connectors are expensive..
Hull penetrators are expensive and bulkyHull penetrators are expensive and bulky..
Problem (Continuation)Problem (Continuation)
Cables and connectors are a major cause of Cables and connectors are a major cause of failure in large electronic systems both failure in large electronic systems both underwater and in the air.underwater and in the air.
Repairing faulty cables and connectors is difficult:Repairing faulty cables and connectors is difficult: Identifying the bad cableIdentifying the bad cable Removing and replacing itRemoving and replacing it Labor intensiveLabor intensive
SummarySummary
Overall Block DiagramOverall Block Diagram
Proposed Layout for Future ArraysProposed Layout for Future Arrays
RECTENNARECTENNA ( (RECRECtifying antifying anTENNATENNA))
Waveguide SetupWaveguide Setup
RFPOWER SOURCE
HULL PENETRATOR
DATA RECEIVER
DATAOUTTO
PROCESSOR
OverallOverall
Block Block
DiagramDiagramWAVEGUIDE
MODULE 1:a
RECTIFICATION ®ULATION
MODULE 1:b
DATATRANSMITTER
SOUNDDCPOWER
MODULE 2 MODULE 3 MODULE 4
Proposed Layout for Future ArraysProposed Layout for Future Arrays
Sensors
Telemetry Port
Power Port
Hull
Rectenna – The most critical part of this systemRectenna – The most critical part of this system
- VDC
+ VDC
Low PassFilter
D.C.Filter
½ Wave Dipole Antenna(fo= 1GHz)
This filter shorts the AC component of the rectified signal to ground
High efficiency Schottky diode
This filter allows 1GHz through but prevents harmonics from re-radiating
Operation similar to a clamper circuit
Waveguide SetupWaveguide Setup
Cross-Section View
Dielectric Medium(I.E. TEFLON)
1GHz WaveguideSound SensorsWith embeddedRectennas
Side View
1GHz Slot Antennas
Top View
2002 Senior-Design2002 Senior-Design Outstanding Problems Outstanding Problems
Efficiency of Rectenna was low (Efficiency of Rectenna was low (≈ 11%)≈ 11%)Efficiency of voltage regulator was low (≈ 50%)Efficiency of voltage regulator was low (≈ 50%)Unable to power more than two sensorsUnable to power more than two sensorsMonopole antenna position in the waveguide prevented Monopole antenna position in the waveguide prevented multiple sensors from being poweredmultiple sensors from being poweredSchottky diodes were operating at their power extremes Schottky diodes were operating at their power extremes causing thermal degradation over operational timecausing thermal degradation over operational timeVery basic telemetry system with high power Very basic telemetry system with high power requirements requirements (250 mW)(250 mW)Lacked an efficient waveguide architecture that could be Lacked an efficient waveguide architecture that could be deployed unto a large scale sensor arraydeployed unto a large scale sensor array
Project TimelineProject Timeline
Phase-1Phase-1 To be conducted during year 2003To be conducted during year 2003 Architecture for waterborne arrayArchitecture for waterborne array Preliminary workPreliminary work ModelingModeling
Phase-2Phase-2 To be conducted during year 2004To be conducted during year 2004 Implement designImplement design Test prototypeTest prototype
Phase–1 Overall ArchitecturePhase–1 Overall Architecture
BROAD BAND PRESSURE SENSOR WIRELESS ARRAY CONFIGURATION
COMPLIANT TUBE BAFFLES
METAL/FIBERGLASS MOUNTING PLATE
WAVEGUIDE
SENSOR
LOW BANDREFLECTION
MID BANDREFLECTION
HIGH BANDREFLECTION
Cross-Section View
Courtesy of Mr. Sullivan
Phase–1 Overall ArchitecturePhase–1 Overall Architecture
Courtesy of Mr. Sullivan
2
0.5
2.5
0.25, 2X2 ANGLE, AlAl PLATE
14
GLUE
POLYETHYLENE
VOIDEDURETHANE
1/8 Al WAVEGUIDE
1/8 Al WAVEGUIDE COVER
6
3
2.5
HYDROPHONE(6 SPACED AT 6”)
DIMENTIONS IN INCHES
6 ELEMENT WIRELESS ACOUSTIC ARRAY STAVE 3.5 kHz REGION
ASSUMPTIONS:HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENESPEED = 7970 FPSG/CM3 = 0.69Z = 2.33 MRayl
MODULE ELECTRONICSPROBABLY SOLID FILLEDEST. MAX. DIM. 2X5X1.25
Phase–1 Overall ArchitecturePhase–1 Overall Architecture
Courtesy of Mr. Sullivan
6 6 6
6
48
3
6
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
.
DIELECTRIC FILLED WAVEGUIDE WIRELESS ACOUSTIC ARRAY STAVE
1 GHzMONOPOLEANTENNA(POWER XMIT.)
1 GHz SLOTANTENNA(POWER RCV.)
2.45 GHz SLOTANTENNA(DATA XMIT.)
HYDROPHONE
POLYETHYLENEDIELECTRIC
RAM
DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES
ELECTRONICSHOUSING
Polyethylene has been considered as a possible dielectric medium due to its low cost (1/10 of Teflon), low RF absorption at 1GHz (loss tangent =9.3E-4, .127dB/m), and good acoustic properties ( V=2.3 Km/Sec, Z = 2.33 Mray)
Phase–1 Overall ArchitecturePhase–1 Overall ArchitecturePower Distribution - Proposed Waveguide Architectures
TX Antenna
Serpentine Manifold Corporate
TX Antenna
TX Antenna
Phase-1Phase-1AntennasAntennas
Necessary to extract power from the waveguide to the Necessary to extract power from the waveguide to the rectennarectenna
Slot AntennasSlot Antennas Widely used in radar arraysWidely used in radar arrays Easy to manufactureEasy to manufacture
Stub AntennasStub Antennas Require insertion into the dielectric mediumRequire insertion into the dielectric medium Uncommon applicationUncommon application Analysis required to determine the effect of the stubs in the path Analysis required to determine the effect of the stubs in the path
of the propagating energyof the propagating energy
Phase-1Phase-1Rectenna DesignRectenna Design
The rectenna is the most crucial component in this systemThe rectenna is the most crucial component in this system
Previously, Silicon (Si) Schottky diodes with a Frequency-Cut-Off (fco) of 3.7 Previously, Silicon (Si) Schottky diodes with a Frequency-Cut-Off (fco) of 3.7 GHz were usedGHz were used
The rectifying diodes should have a fco at least 10 x the operating frequency The rectifying diodes should have a fco at least 10 x the operating frequency ( > 10 X 1 GHz)( > 10 X 1 GHz)
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) diodes will be used in the future due to their higher Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) diodes will be used in the future due to their higher carrier mobilitycarrier mobility
By keeping the power consumption of each sensor low, it will be possible to By keeping the power consumption of each sensor low, it will be possible to use smaller diodes with a smaller junction capacitance (Cjo) which will have use smaller diodes with a smaller junction capacitance (Cjo) which will have a higher fco (higher efficiency) (fco= 1 / (2 x pi x Rs x Cjo))a higher fco (higher efficiency) (fco= 1 / (2 x pi x Rs x Cjo))
Phase-1Phase-1Rectenna DesignRectenna Design
- VDC
+ VDC
Low PassFilter
D.C.Filter
½ Wave Dipole Antenna(fo= 1GHz)
This filter shorts the AC component of the rectified signal to ground
High efficiency Schottky diode
This filter allows 1GHz through but prevents harmonics from re-radiating
Phase-1Phase-1SensorsSensors
Mr. Sullivan contacted EDOMr. Sullivan contacted EDO Mr. James Smith (EDO)Mr. James Smith (EDO) Mr. Wayne Richardson (EDO)Mr. Wayne Richardson (EDO)
EDO is very interested in supplying a low-power EDO is very interested in supplying a low-power HydrophoneHydrophone Currently working with Electric Boat, UConn, and Currently working with Electric Boat, UConn, and
Lockheed Martin in identifying a suitable HydrophoneLockheed Martin in identifying a suitable Hydrophone
Phase-1Phase-1Data TelemetryData Telemetry
EDO will be working with Lockheed Martin in providing EDO will be working with Lockheed Martin in providing specifications for the Hydrophonesspecifications for the Hydrophones
Lockheed Martin will provide the most expertise in the Lockheed Martin will provide the most expertise in the area of telemetryarea of telemetry
UConn has done limited research in this area since UConn has done limited research in this area since UConn is concentrating its efforts in the power delivery UConn is concentrating its efforts in the power delivery systemsystem
Phase-1Phase-1ModelingModeling
Mr. Paul Medeiros (NUWC) will be sharing his expertise Mr. Paul Medeiros (NUWC) will be sharing his expertise in HFSS (Ansoft) and will kindly assist UConn in in HFSS (Ansoft) and will kindly assist UConn in prototype modelingprototype modeling
Mrs. Radhika Gurumurthy (UConn) has begun helping Mrs. Radhika Gurumurthy (UConn) has begun helping this team with HFSS modelingthis team with HFSS modeling
Dr. Marco Farina (MeM Research) will also be assisting Dr. Marco Farina (MeM Research) will also be assisting UConn with 3D electromagnetic modelsUConn with 3D electromagnetic models
System Sub-System Status Timeframe Remarks Conclusion ID
Overall - Architecture 22
Waveguide Layout WIP P1A serpentine / corporate (Power) 23
Waveguide Dimensions JC P1A for 1GHz operation 3" x 6 " 24
Waveguide Dielectric JC P1A Cheaper then Teflon Polyethylene 25
Waveguide Cyl Vs Rect AW P1A Cyl W/G Vs Rect W/G 26
Rectenna 27
Diode WIP P1A GaAs 28
Design of Rectenna AW P1B filters, etc 29
Slot Vs Stub WIP P1A simulation to be conducted 30
Voltage Regulation AW P1B Awaiting specs from EDO/LM 31
Sensor 32
Hydrophones WIP P1A EDO is working with EB/LM 33
Telemetry 34
Data Telemetry AW P1B Awaiting LM response 35
Project Progress Project Progress
Modeling 36
Slot Antenna in W/G WIP P1A look at near field Pattern radiation 37
Stub Antenna in W/G AW P1A Identify energy pattern in TE10 38
W/G Serpentine AW P1A Look at reflections 39
W/G Corporate Feed AW P1A Look at power distribution 40
W/G Manifold Feed AW P1B Look at power distribution 41
Rectenna PSPICE JC P1A Rectenna behaved like clamper see remarks 42
Prototype 43
Build Waveguide AW P2A 44
Build Rectenna AW P2A 45
Test Prototype AW P2A 46
Incorporate Sensor AW P2B 47
Incorporate Telemetry AW P2B 48
Test Prototype AW P2B 49
System Sub-System Status Timeframe Remarks Conclusion ID
Project Progress (Cont.)Project Progress (Cont.)