WINNING INDEPENDENCE

Chapter 9 Lesson 3Pages 356 - 361

Objectives

• Identify the major battles and campaigns of the Revolutionary War.

• Describe how individuals and other nations contributed to the war’s outcome.

Vocabulary

• Civilian – people not in the military

• Traitor – someone who acts against his or her country.

Revolutionary Heroes

• Nathan Hale

• John Paul Jones

• Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley

• Tadeusz Kosciuszko

Nathan Hale

• Teacher• Was an American

spy in NYC• He was hung by

the British• “I regret that I

have but one life to lose for my country.”

John Paul Jones

• American Navy Commander

• Continental Navy = 60 ships

• British = 270 ships• About to lose a

battle at sea, British told him to give up

• “I have not yet begun to fight”

Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley

• “Molly Pitcher”• Carried fresh water to

American troops during the Battle of Monmouth in NJ in 1778

• Her husband was wounded and she took his place in battle, loading the cannons

Tadeusz Kosciuszko

• Left Poland to serve in the Continental Army

• Helped design plans for a fort at WEST POINT, NY

• This is now part of the United States Military Academy

The War Moves

• When British learned of the French help, they moved the battle south

• Many Loyalist in the South, the British hoped this would help

• British also planned on capturing Southern ports, to get supplies in and out easier

• Inland, the British lost many battles• Battle of Vincennes (Indiana) – was lost

by the British

Savannah, Georgia

• 1st target by British in South

• Nov. 25, 1778• British attacked

quickly while Americans were trying to defend

• British Victory

Charles Town, South Carolina

• 1780

• Americans greatly outnumbered

• Now called Charleston

• British victory

Virginia

• Early 1781• Benedict Arnold –

led British attacks on Virginia towns

• He had become a traitor

• He felt that he had not been treated fairly by the Continental Army

Nathanael Green

• General in the Continental Army

• Leader in the South

• “We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again”

Daniel Morgan

• General under Greene’s leadership

• Led Americans to a major victory at Cowpens, SC (1781)

• This battle proved Americans could beat the British in the South.

North Carolina

• British push north to N.C.

• March 1781 – battle at Guilford Courthouse

• British held the field, but took major losses

• Still could not win, because there was no one city that was the heart of America

British General Charles Cornwallis

• Headquarters at Yorktown, Virginia

• On the Chesapeake Bay

• Easy for British to get in supplies

• But, it could easily be circled

Victory at Yorktown

• French & American soldiers marched south to encircle Yorktown.

• French Navy also took control of the Chesapeake Bay

• Cornwallis was trapped• Cornwallis gave up on October 19,

1781

The Treaty of Paris

• The Battle of Yorktown was the LAST major battle of the war.

• Some battles continued to be fought though.

• April 1782 – the two sides met in Paris, France to negotiate a peace treaty.

Treaty of Paris Cont.

• John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, & John Adams – American negotiators

• Wanted Britain to accept American independence

• All British soldiers removed from American lands

One Year Later

• The British FINALLY agree

• September 3, 1783, The Treaty of Paris signed ending the Revolutionary War

The Terms

• Named the United States of America as a new nation

• Set the new nation’s borders• It reached from Georgia in the

south to the Great Lakes in the north.

• The Mississippi River formed its western border

After the War

• After the British left, George Washington made his home in Virginia

• On his way, he stopped at Annapolis, Maryland to retire

• He told the Congress his work was done

• They thanked him for his service and wished him well