WIND POWERWIND POWER

HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY

Wind Speed Distributions Wind Turbine Selection Turbine Loading Wind Noise Wind Parks

By: Saed Ghaffari

HOW DO YOU CONVERT HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY WIND INTO ELECTRICITY

• Modern wind energy systems consist of three basic components:

• Tower

• Rotor

• Nacelle

• Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to

capture the most energy.

HOW DO YOU CONVERT HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY WIND INTO ELECTRICITY

HOW DO YOU CONVERT HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITYWIND INTO ELECTRICITY

• The wind turns the rotor, which turns the

generator to produce electricity.

• To maximize the power extracted, the nacelle, which connects the rotor to the tower and houses the generator, can be rotated into the direction of the wind.

Wind Speed DistributionsWind Speed Distributions

• It is very important to be able to describe the

variation of wind speeds.

• Turbine designers need the information to

optimize the design of their turbines, so as to

minimize generating costs.

• Turbine investors need the information to

estimate their income from electricity

generation.

Wind Speed DistributionsWind Speed Distributions

Wind Turbine SelectionWind Turbine Selection

• Rotor diameters may vary somewhat for a given power, because many manufacturers optimize their machines to local wind conditions.

• A larger generator requires more power

Wind Turbine SelectionWind Turbine Selection

• Reasons for Choosing Large Turbines

• There are economies of scale in wind turbines,

• Larger machines are particularly well suited for offshore wind power.

Wind Turbine SelectionWind Turbine Selection

• Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines

• Local electrical grids may be too weak to handle the output from a

large machine.

• This may be the case in remote parts of the electrical grid with low population density and little electricity consumption in the area.

Wind Turbine SelectionWind Turbine Selection

• There is less fluctuation in the electricity output from a wind park consisting of a number of smaller machines, since wind fluctuations occur randomly, and therefore tend to cancel out.

• Costs for large cranes and building adequate roads to carry the

turbine components may make smaller machines more economic in some areas.

• Several smaller machines spread the risk in case of temporary machine failure, e.g. due to lightning strikes.

• Aesthetical landscape considerations may sometimes dictate the use of smaller machines.

Horizontal Axis “HAWT”Horizontal Axis “HAWT”

Horizontal Axis “HAWT”Horizontal Axis “HAWT”

Turbine LoadingTurbine Loading

• Rapid fluctuations in wind speed are called

turbulence and may increase the structural and

dynamic stresses on the wind turbine components.

Wind ParksWind Parks

• Cities and countries need huge wind farms to satisfy their energy needs.

Wind ParksWind Parks

• To optimize energy production in a wind farm, turbines are spread 5 – 9 rotor diameters apart in the prevailing wind direction and 3 – 5 rotor diameters apart in the perpendicular direction.

Wind ParksWind Parks

Wind Park In Cyprus

Wind ParksWind Parks

• As a rule of thumb, turbines in wind parks are usually spaced somewhere between 5 and 9 rotor diameters apart in the prevailing wind direction, and between 3 and 5 diameters apart in the direction perpendicular to the prevailing winds.

Thanks for Attention