William PennHe established a haven for his fellow Quakers. In this

colony, religious toleration was extended to all believers in God. He created a charter which incorporates

human rights and some political principles, the most significant of which is government by the consent of

the governed.

Baron Charles De MontesquieuFrench nobleman who lived from 1690-1755. He wrote

The Spirit of the Laws in 1748. He believed in separation of power in government into the legislative,

executive, and judicial branches. He also believed in checks and balances.

Thomas HookerHe lived in Massachusetts and then founded the colony of Connecticut. He believed in the principle of equality

for all mankind. He aided in the adoption of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1638 (the first

written constitution in the colonies).

John LockeAn early English Natural Rights philosopher. He

believed in the protection of individual rights including life, liberty, and property. He also believed in the social contract which meant the people give up power for the

protection of the individual rights by government.

Crispus Attucks

He was a part African, part native American dockworker in Boston who got involved in civil unrest in 1770. He

was one of five killed in the Boston Massacre.

Jefferson DavisA senator from Mississippi, he was chosen as the only

president of the Confederate States of America.

Susan B. Anthony The daughter of a Quaker abolitionist in rural New York, she worked for equal pay and equal rights for

women as well as women’s suffrage

Frederick DouglassFamous black abolitionist, he was a charismatic orator

who also published his own newspaper, called The North Star.

John AdamsFiery proponent of independence, this founding father

was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence in 1776, was the first vice-president of

the United States, and the second president of the United States.

Henry ClayHe was representative from Kentucky who proposed the Missouri Compromise, which outlawed slavery in

Louisiana Purchase area north of 36 degrees, 30 minutes N except in Missouri itself.

Robert E. LeeA Virginia graduate of West Point Military Academy and

highly admired U.S. Army officer, he resigned his commission and became the General of the Army of

Virginia for the Confederate States of America

William BradfordLeader of the Pilgrims, he insisted all male members of

the party aboard his ship sign a compact of self-government prior to landing at Plymouth Rock

Thomas PaineHe wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet detailing the

obvious reasons the colonies should separate from Great Britain.

William RogersExiled from Massachusetts for his radical belief in

freedom of religion, he founded the colony originally known as Rhode Island and the Providence Plantation.

James MonroeHis presidency was known as the Era of Good Feelings. His statement that the U.S. would not allow European

powers to colonize in the Western Hemisphere any longer was named for him, the Monroe Doctrine.

Abigail Adams

She was the first First Lady to live in the White House. She was famous for writing to her husband in the 2nd Continental Congress, “I desire you would remember

the ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors.”

Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonFamous CSA general, he gets his nickname at First Bull Run when his fellow officers said he “stood like a stone

wall” against the enemy.

Elizabeth Cady StantonShe was a famous women’s rights activist, helped

organize the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York

Marquis De LafayetteHe was a French nobleman who became an invaluable

aide to General Washington during the American Revolution.

Abraham Lincoln First to be elected president from the newly formed

Republican party, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in states in

rebellion.

PocahontasDaughter of the Powhatan, she helped the settlers of

Jamestown survive, then married John Rolfe.

John Quincy AdamsHe was responsible for the United States acquiring

Florida, the 6th president of the United States, and the son of the second president!

Sojourner TruthAn escaped slave, she never learned to read or write but spoke with wit and wisdom on behalf of abolition

and women’s rights

Martha WashingtonShe spent a very cold winter at her husband’s side in

the winter army camp at Valley Forge

Patrick HenryA member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. He famously said, “Give me liberty or give me death!”

Mercy Otis WarrenAn Antifederalist who wrote that “we have fought too

hard to give up our liberties.” Her writings were instrumental in getting Madison to offer to write a Bill

of Rights for the Constitution.

John MarshallChief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the

opinion on Marbury v. Madison

John C. CalhounVice president under Andrew Jackson, he declined to run during Jackson’s second in order to return to the Senate from South Carolina. Heavily involved in the

Nullification Crisis

John HancockPresident of the Second Continental Congress. Said he wrote his signature really big so “Fat George can read it

without his glasses.”

John Paul JonesFamous Revolutionary naval officer who captured the

British vessel Serapis and said the famous quote, “I have not yet begun to fight.”

Ulysses S. GrantUnion general of the Army of the Potomac who

accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. Was later a president.

Paul RevereA member of the Sons of Liberty, silversmith, engraver,

and famous for his ride to warn the villages of Massachusetts that “the regulars are out!”

John RolfeEarly settler in Jamestown, his use of imported tobacco

seeds to grow a highly popular product. He married Pocahontas.

PowhatanHe was the leader of the Native American Confederacy

living in the area the British settlers chose for Jamestown. Father of Pocahontas.

Harriet TubmanRunaway slave, she made 19 trips into the South to lead slaves to freedom. Called a “conductor” on the

Underground Railroad

King George IIIThe King of England who lost the American colonies

James OglethorpeHe founded the last of the 13 colonies as a refuge for

the poor and also to provide a buffer between the Spanish in Florida and the rich plantation colonies

Meriwether LewisOne of the leaders of the Corps of Discovery, he and his partner, William Clark, explored the Louisiana Territory

and Oregon Country by following the Missouri River, crossing the mountains, and then down the Columbia

to the Pacific Ocean

William Lloyd GarrisonLeading abolitionist, he published The Liberator

Samuel AdamsA leading patriot in Boston, he organized the Sons of

Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence

George CalvertHe was the founder of a colony created as a safe haven for Catholics. His name was George Calvert. His title was Lord Baltimore, and the major city in the state of

Maryland is named for him.

Daniel WebsterHe was a senator from Massachusetts who worked

tirelessly to try to avoid secession. Also known as the example of Northern regionalism during the 1830’s.

Ann HutchinsonShe was thrown out of Massachusetts colony for her

religious views. Moved to Rhode Island then Connecticut with her husband and children.

Captain John SmithLeader of the Jamestown settlement. He made sure buildings were erected, crops planted, and livestock

fed. This ensured the survival of the colony, along with help form the Powhatan tribe.

William ClarkCo-leader of the Corps of Discovery. His journals tell us of the trip across the Louisiana Territory and the maps

he created helped open the Oregon Country to settlement

Thomas JeffersonWriter of the Declaration of Independence, he was also

our 3rd president, and Ambassador to France

Benjamin FranklinAuthor, statesman, inventor. He never fought in a war

and was never a president, but this man was the leading patriot of his day and was almost completely

responsible for France recognizing the new USA

George WashingtonFirst commanding general of the Continental Army;

First President of the United States.

Sacajawea A young Shoshone woman, married to a French fur

trader, she went with Lewis and Clark as an interpreter and guide.

William Blackstone

*He was a British jurist (attorney) who provided a complete overview of English law. He is famous for writing Classic Commentaries on the Laws of England, including writing about the “rights of persons,” rights of property, and “crimes and punishment.”